Influence of wearing an unstable shoe on thigh and leg muscle activity and venous response in upright standing

Purpose: To quantify the effect of unstable shoe wearing on muscle activity and haemodynamic response during standing. Methods: Thirty volunteers were divided into 2 groups: the experimental group wore an unstable shoe for 8 weeks, while the control group used a conventional shoe for the same period. Muscle activity of the medial gastrocnemius, tibialis anterior, rectus femoris and biceps femoris and venous circulation were assessed in quiet standing with the unstable shoe and barefoot. Results: In the first measurement there was an increase in medial gastrocnemius activity in all volunteers while wearing the unstable shoe. On the other hand, after wearing the unstable shoe for eight weeks these differences were not verified. Venous return increased in subjects wearing the unstable shoe before and after training. Conclusions: The unstable shoe produced changes in electromyographic characteristics which were advantageous for venous circulation even after training accommodation by the neuromuscular system.

Analysis of ground reaction force and electromyographic activity of the gastrocnemius muscle during double support

O documento em anexo encontra-se na versão post-print (versão corrigida pelo editor).

Influence of an unstable shoe on compensatory postural adjustments: an experimental evaluation

This study attempted to evaluate the influence of using an unstable shoe in muscle re-cruitment strategies and center of pressure (CoP) displacement after the application of an external perturba-tion. Fourteen healthy female subjects participated in this study. The electromyographic activity of medial ga-strocnemius, tibialis anterior, rectus femoris, biceps femoris, rectus abdominis and erector spinae muscles and the kinetic values to calculate the CoP were collected and analyzed after the application of an external pertur-bation with the subject in standing position, with no shoes and using unstable footwear. The results showed increased in medial gastrocnemius activity during the first compensatory postural adjustments and late com-pensatory postural adjustments when using an unstable shoe. There were no differences in standard deviation and maximum peak of anteroposterior displacement of CoP between measurements. From the experimental findings, one can conclude that the use of an unstable shoe leads to an increase in gastrocnemius activity with no increase in CoP displacement following an unexpected external perturbation.

The influence of differente speeds on backpacker's gait kinectics

This study analyzed the influence of different speeds on ground reaction force’s (GRF), impulses and mean vertical force during gait of people submitted to occasional overload (backpack). A force plate was used to record the GRF data of 60 young adult subjects walking in two different cadences: 69 steps/min (slow gait) and 120 steps/min (fast gait). During the slow gait, the impact and propulsive impulses of vertical GRF, propulsive impulse of anterior-posterior GRF, impulse of medial-lateral GRF and duration of stance phase were larger than during the fast gait; the mean vertical force was the only variable that showed larger values during fast gait. Therefore, slow gait may present a larger possibility of blister development and gait unbalance, while the fast gait, even presenting a small impulse, seems to be more harmful to the musculoskeletal system.

Validação de métodos de estimativa da gordura corporal em portadores do HIV/Aids

OBJETIVO: Validar métodos de estimativas da gordura corporal (somatória de espessura de dobras cutâneas, circunferência da cintura (CC) e razão cintura-quadril (RCQ)) em portadores do HIV/Aids, tendo como padrão ouro a absortometria por dupla emissão de raios-X (Dexa) e a tomografia computadorizada de abdômen (TCA). MÉTODOS: Foram estudados 15 portadores do HIV/Aids tratados em uma unidade de saúde coligada a um hospital público universitário, São Paulo. Foram medidas a gordura subcutânea total (GST) mediante a somatória da espessura de sete dobras (bíceps, tríceps, subescapular, axilar média, supra-ilíaca, abdominal e panturrilha medial), a gordura subcutânea central (GSC) (somatória da espessura de quatro dobras) e a gordura subcutânea de membros (GSM) (somatória da espessura de três dobras). A GST, GSC e GSM foram comparadas com as medidas de gordura obtidas pela Dexa. A CC, a RCQ e a GSC foram comparadas com as medidas de gordura obtidas pela TCA. Na análise estatística, utilizou-se o coeficiente de correlação de Pearson (r) e foi utilizado o teste de Mann-Whitney. RESULTADOS: A gordura medida pela Dexa foi correlacionada com GST, a GSC e GSM, mesmo após o ajuste pela idade (r>0,80 para todos). A gordura total de abdômen medida pela TCA foi correlacionada com a CC, RCQ e a GSC após o ajuste pela idade (r>0,80 para todos). CONCLUSÕES: Os métodos de estimativa da gordura corporal devem ser escolhidos de acordo com o tipo de gordura a ser avaliada e podem ser utilizados em pesquisas e nos serviços de saúde como alternativa à Dexa e TCA para portadores do HIV/Aids.