Assessing the impact of foreign aid: value for money and aid for trade

 Assessing the Impact of Foreign Aid: Value for Money and Aid for Trade provides updated information on how to improve foreign aid programs, exploring the concept and practice of impact assessment within the sometimes-unproblematic approaches advocated in current literature of value for money and aid for trade.
Contributors from multi-lateral agencies and NGOs discuss the changing patterns of Official Development Assistance and their effects on impact assessment, providing theoretical, political, structural, methodological, and practical frameworks, discussions, and a theory-practice nexus.
With twin foci of economics and policy this book raises the potential for making sophisticated and coherent decisions on aid allocation to developing countries.

GCC-Australian trade and investment trends and patterns

This chapter provides an overview of the recent trends and developments in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC)–Australian trade and investment. GCC–Australian trade and investment has increased significantly over the last two decades. However, a closer look at the recent trends shows that so far Australian–GCC trade and investment remain highly concentrated in a few countries and in a narrow range of sectors. Opportunities therefore exist for Australian businesses to expand and diversify more broadly across all GCC states in more sectors of the economy.

Agriculture, trade openness and emissions: an empirical analysis and policy options

This article investigates the impact of sectoral production allocation, energy usage patterns and trade openness on pollutant emissions in a panel consisting of high-, medium- and low-income countries. Extended STIRPAT (Stochastic Impact by Regression on Population, Affluence and Technology) and EKC (Environmental Kuznets Curve) models are conducted to systematically identify these factors driving CO2 emissions in these countries during the period 1980–2010. To this end, the studyemploys three different heterogeneous, dynamic mean group-type linear panel modelsand one nonlinear panel data estimation procedure that allows for cross-sectionaldependence. While affluence, nonrenewable energy consumption and energy intensity variables are found to drive pollutant emissions in linear models, population is also found to be a significant driver in the nonlinear model. Both service sector and agricultural value-added levels play a significant role in reducing pollution levels, whereas industrialisation increases pollution levels. Although the linear model fails totrack any significant impact of trade openness, the nonlinear model finds trade liberalisation to significantly affect emission reduction levels. All of these results suggest that economic development, and especially industrialisation strategies and environmental policies, need to be coordinated to play a greater role in emission reduction due to trade liberalisation.

Cross-border travellers and parallel trade: implications for Asian economies

This paper explores the impact of parallel trade in an export market by cross-border travellers on welfare of the home country in a model with heterogeneous consumers' perceptions. We show that such parallel trade when it is organised trading always hurts the home-country welfare. However, when parallel trade is unorganised trading, it might benefit the home-country welfare provided that the size of the export market is relatively small. Along these lines, we suggest optimal policy responses in the home country to parallel trade by cross-border travellers. The results of the paper yield insightful policy implications for Asian economies.

Well-known trade marks, foreign investment and local industry : a comparison of China and Indonesia

Strengthened protection for well-known trade marks in accordance with the TRIPS Agreement is an important issue for developing countries, which has led to trade pressures from industrialised nations in the past. ‘Trade mark squatting’, referring to the registration in bad faith of foreign well-known marks in order to sell them back to their original owners, is a much discussed phenomenon in this context. This article outlines the history and development of well-known trade marks and the applicable law in China and Indonesia. It looks not just at foreign and international brands subjected to ‘trade mark squatting’, but also at how local enterprises are using the system. Rather remarkably in view of the countries’ turbulent histories, local well-known marks have a long history and are well respected for their range of products. They are not normally affected by the ‘trade mark squatting’ phenomenon and are rarely the subject of disputes. Enhanced protection under the TRIPS Agreement is especially relevant for international brands and the article shows the approaches in the two countries. In China, government incentives assist the proliferation of nationally well-known and locally ‘famous’ marks. In Indonesia, lack of implementing legislation has left the matter of recognition to the discretion of the courts.

Has China displaced its competitors in high tech trade?

This paper empirically investigated the extent to which China displaced its competitors in high-tech exports using disaggregated data for the period 1992–2013. To address the endogeneity problem, we used a comprehensive set of instruments for Chinese high-tech exports in relevant markets, including China's GDP and distances to those markets. Results of our IV regressions revealed that in most of the high-tech sectors, Chinese exports had displaced the exports of its developing competitors such as India, South American exporters like Brazil and Mexico, and South-East Asian countries like Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam, especially in the period prior to the 2007–08 global financial crisis. Yet, Chinese exports had been associated with more high-tech exports of developed exporters like OECD countries, South Korea and Japan. Our findings suggest that while China became the world's top high-tech exporter, its high-tech exported products had been substitutes to those of other developing and emerging economies but complementary to that of developed economies.

New York Trade School Graduate, Stanley Carraher

Stanley Carraher graduated from the New York Trade School's Welding program in 1952. He is shown in his position as Welder Foreman at the construction of the Throggs Neck Bridge. Original caption reads, "Stanley Carraher - Welding 1952. Modern bridge construction requires the services of many compitent [sic] Welders. In this picture, Stanley Carraher is shown supervising the welding on the new Throggs Neck Bridge in New York City." Black and white photograph with caption adhered to reverse.

New York Trade School Building

A group is standing immediately outside the New York Trade School building while students and others pass by. The building was located on East 67th Street in Manhattan.

Kenneth Schweiger Congratulates at a Student at a New York Trade School Commencement Ceremony

A student is shown on stage shaking hands with Kenneth Schweiger, a New York Trade School administrator and receiving an award at a commencement ceremony for the New York Trade School. Photograph is black and white.

George E. McLaughlin Speaking at a New York Trade School Commencement Ceremony

New York Trade School superintendent George E. McLaughlin speaks at the school's 1953 commencement ceremony. Black and white photograph.

Food Line at a New York Trade School Social Event

This black and white photograph shows a large group of men lining up for dessert at a New York Trade School social event.

Alex E. Davis, Graduate of the New York Trade School

Alexander Davis, Jr., a graduate of the Carpentry program of the New York Trade School in 1955 is shown working. Original caption reads, "Carpenter Contractor, Alex E. Davis Builder, Easton, Pa. Alexander Davis, Jr. - Carpentry 1955. The remodeling of old and building of new houses etc., offers many opportunities for success. Mr. Davis is shown hanging a new door on a building." Black and white photograph with caption glued to reverse.

Student Receiving Award at New York Trade School Commencement Ceremony

A student (right) is shown shaking the hand of an administrator and accepting an award at a New York Trade School commencement ceremony. Photograph is black and white.