Efecto de diferentes frijoles abonos sobre la dinámica de macronutrientes (N,P,K) del suelo, el aporte de materia orgánica, la incidencia de las diferentes pestes agrícolas y sobre el crecimiento y rendimiento de la pitahaya (Hylocereus undatus Britton y Rose)

Durante la época de postrera en 1997 se estableció un experimento de campo en la finca Frutas Tropicales y Cia Ltda, ubicada en el km 38 carretera MasayaTipitapa, Nicaragua para evaluar el efecto de diferentes frijoles abonos sobre la dinámica de macronutrientes del suelo, aporte de materia orgánica y la incidencia de las diferentes pestes agrícolas sobre el crecimiento y rendimiento de la pitahaya (Hylocereus undatus, Britton & Rose). El diseño experimental utilizado fue un bloque completo al azar con tres repeticiones. Los tratamientos evaluados fueron: Mucuna pruriens (L), Cajanus cajan (L), Canavalia ensiformis (L), Vigna unguiculata (L), Dolichos lablab (L) y el tratamiento sin frijol. Los fríjoles abonos ejercen un efecto positivo en el aporte de nutriente y reciclaje de los mismos mejoran la fertilidad del suelo. También aportan gran cantidad de materia orgánica a partir de los restos vegetales produciendo mayor biomasa C. ensiformis, C. cajan y M pruriens. Las malas hierbas fueron controladas eficazmente por los frijoles abonos, principalmente las monocotiledóneas; no así en el tratamiento sin frijol. Las malas hierbas que más predominaron fueron: Acalypha alopecuroides (L), Hybanthus attenuatus (H&B), Chamaesyce hirta (L), Rícharcdia scabra (L), Hyparrhenia rufa (Nees), Digitaria sanguinalis (L), Panicum decumbens (L), Panicum reptans (L) y Cynodon nlejluensis (Vanderyst). Las poblaciones de insectos plagas fueron menores en los tratamientos que predominaba el clon más resistente al ataque de insectos plagas. Los insectos plagas de suelo fueron controlados por los frijoles abonos, al igual que los nematodos. La incidencia de las enfermedades Colletotrichum goesporiodes Penz (Antracnosis) y Dotiorella sp (Ojo de Pescado) fue menor en los tratamientos donde predominaba el clon Cebra. La Erwinia carotovora Iones (Bacteriosis) presentó menor incidencia bajo el efecto de D. lablab y C. ensiformis. El efecto positivo del asocio de estos fríjoles abonos con la pitahaya mejora su crecimiento produciendo más brotes bajo la presencia de C. cajan, se obtuvieron incremento en los rendimientos tanto en el número de fiutos por hectárea como en el rendimiento en kg/ha bajo el efecto de C. cajan, M pruriens y D. lablab

Constant volume combustion of aluminum and cornstarch dust in microgravity

The subject of the present work is to report an experimental comparative study of the effect of dispersion-induced turbulence on dust combustion in constant volume vessel, carried out both in normal gravity and in microgravity environment. Dispersion system with small scale of turbulence, creating uniform homogeneous mixture, was used in experiments. To improve reproducibility of the explosion data an ignitor of small energy, with local soft ignition was developed. Both factors contributed to acquisition of more reproducible experimental data. In experiments under microgravity conditions a dust suspension during combustion remains constant. This makes possible to study dust explosion under stationary dust suspension without influence of turbulence.

Rendimiento agroindustrial de la variedad L 68-40 (Saccharum sp.), en respuesta a las aplicaciones de N, P y K, cultivada en un suelo negro en caña planta

El presente trabajo se desarrolló en el Ingenio AGROINSA, de enero de 1995 al mes de marzo de 1996. Se evaluó el rendimiento agro-industrial de la variedad L 68-40 de caña de azúcar (Saccharum sp.), en respuesta a aplicaciones de nitrógeno, fósforo y potasio, cultivada en un suelo negro vertisol, serie Malacatoya (MY). El ensayo se monto de acuerdo a un diseño factorial incompleto en un Bloque Completamente al Azar (BCA), las variables analizadas fueron: Brotación, ahijamiento, diámetro, población, altura, peso promedio de tallo, rendimientos agrícola, industrial y agro-industrial. Los resultados se sometieron a un análisis de varianza y de regresión, además de realizarse una separación de media según la prueba de Cunean al 5 % de margen de error. En todas las variables evaluadas se observó diferencia significativa a excepción del diámetro, peso promedio de tallo y rendimiento industrial, siendo el nitrógeno el elemento que presentó mayor influencia significativa provocando una respuesta directamente proporcional a sus aplicaciones, sin embargo el fósforo y el potasio no influenciaron en la respuesta de las mismas. Las mayores dosis de nitrógeno para producir el 90 % rendimiento agrícola y agro-industrial máximo, obtenida a través del modelo lineal discontinuo fueron de 72.39 y 74.63 kg/ha de nitrógeno respectivamente

De madres, ciudades y tablillas : alcances políticos y literarios de un enigma familiar en la comedia media (Antífanes, Safo, fr. 194 K.-A)

Resumen: El fragmento 194 (Kassel-Austin) del poeta cómico Antífanes, proveniente de su obra Safo (c. 360 a.C.), reproduce un diálogo entre la poetisa y un personaje desconocido que da cuenta de una adivinanza. La imagen propuesta de una mujer que protege a sus hijos, silenciosos, mientras lloran ante quien los quiera escuchar es, pues, resemantizada en el pasaje, a la vez, desde una dimensión política y un plano autorreferencial. Examinada inicialmente como una pólis que cobija a los demagogos corruptos, la escena familiar termina siendo decodificada en términos poéticos: se trata de una tablilla de escritura con letras que resultan sus mudos descendientes. El enigma, por tanto, supone una interesante estrategia para consolidar desde una visión cómica la polivalencia de la imagen maternal como un mecanismo metafórico eficiente para cargar las tintas sobre aquellas temáticas a las que el género concede un tratamiento privilegiado.

Asymptotic analysis based on K-S constitutive law for a rubber wedge compressed by a line load at its tip

In the present paper, a rubber wedge compressed by a line load at its tip is asymptotically analyzed using a special constitutive law proposed by Knowles and Sternberg (K-S elastic law) [J. Elasticity 3 (1973) 67]. The method of dividing sectors proposed by Gao [Theoret. Appl. Fract, Mech. 14 (1990) 219] is used. Domain near the wedge tip can be divided into one expanding sector and two narrowing sectors. Asymptotic equations of the strain-stress field near the wedge tip are derived and solved numerically. The deformation pattern near a wedge tip is completely revealed. A special case. i.e. a half space compressed by a line load is solved while the wedge angle is pi.

Advantages of top-gate, high-k dielectric carbon nanotube field-effect transistors

The subthreshold slope, transconductance, threshold voltage, and hysteresis of a carbon nanotube field-effect transistor (CNT FET) were examined as its configuration was changed from bottom-gate exposed channel, bottom-gate covered channel to top-gate FET. An individual single wall CNT was grown by chemical vapor deposition and its gate configuration was changed while determining its transistor characteristics to ensure that the measurements were not a function of different chirality or diameter CNTs. The bottom-gate exposed CNT FET utilized 900 nm SiO2 as the gate insulator. This CNT FET was then covered with TiO2 to form the bottom-gate covered channel CNT FET. Finally, the top-gate CNT FET was fabricated and the device utilized TiO 2 (K ∼ 80, equivalent oxide thickness=0.25 nm) as the gate insulator. Of the three configurations investigated, the top-gate device exhibited best subthreshold slope (67-70 mV/dec), highest transconductance (1.3 μS), and negligible hysteresis in terms of threshold voltage shift. © 2006 American Institute of Physics.

Anisotropic Deformation Of Polystyrene Particles By Mev Au Ion Irradiation

MeV An irradiation leads to a shape change of polystyrene (PS) and SiO2 particles from spherical to ellipsoidal, with an aspect ratio that can be precisely controlled by the ion fluence. Sub-micrometer PS and SiO2 particles were deposited on copper substrates and irradiated with Au ions at 230 K, using an ion energy and fluence ranging from 2 to 10 MeV and 1 x 10(14) ions/cm(2) to 1 x 10(15) ions/cm(2). The mechanisms of anisotropic deformation of PS and SiO2 particles are different because of their distinct physical and chemical properties. At the start of irradiation, the volume of PS particles decrease, then the aspect ratio increases with fluence, whereas for SiO2 particles the volume remains constant. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Money buys happiness in constant payments

Resumen: Nobody doubts that money buys at least some happiness. The question is how and why. This study answers that question. Some university students were asked to imagine they would win a one million dollars prize payable in five yearly payments, and to choose what plan –an increasing, constant, or decreasing payments plan– would make them happier. They were also asked why, and what would they spend the money on. The findings suggest that money buys happiness in constant payments because of better expense management on basic goods. And they provide converging evidence that money promotes happiness when spent on others.

Properties of high k gate dielectric gadolinium oxide deposited on Si(100) by dual ion beam deposition (DIBD)

Gadolinium oxide thin films have been prepared on silicon (100) substrates with a low-energy dual ion-beam epitaxial technique. Substrate temperature was an important factor to affect the crystal structures and textures in an ion energy range of 100-500 eV. The films had a monoclinic Gd2O3 structure with preferred orientation ((4) over bar 02) at low substrate temperatures. When the substrate temperature was increased, the orientation turned to (202), and finally, the cubic structure appeared at the substrate temperature of 700 degreesC, which disagreed with the previous report because of the ion energy. The AES studies found that Gadolinium oxide shared Gd2O3 structures, although there were a lot of oxygen deficiencies in the films, and the XPS results confirmed this. AFM was also used to investigate the surface images of the samples. Finally, the electrical properties were presented. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The magnetic and structure properties of room-temperature ferromagnetic semiconductor (Ga,Mn)N

Diluted magnetic semiconductor (Ga,Mn)N were prepared by the implantation of Mn ions into GaN/Al2O3 substrate. Clear X-ray diffraction peak from (Ga,Mn)N is observed. It indicates that the solid solution (Ga,Mn)N phase was formed with the same lattice structure as GaN and different lattice constant. Magnetic hysteresis-loops of the (Ga,Mn)N were obtained at room temperature (293 K) with the coercivity of about 2496.97 A m(-1). (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Study on improving the turbidity measurement of the absolute coagulation rate constant

The existing theories dealing with the evaluation of the absolute coagulation rate constant by turbidity measurement were experimentally tested for different particle-sized (radius = a) suspensions at incident wavelengths (lambda) ranging from near-infrared to ultraviolet light. When the size parameter alpha = 2 pi a/lambda > 3, the rate constant data from previous theories for fixed-sized particles show significant inconsistencies at different light wavelengths. We attribute this problem to the imperfection of these theories in describing the light scattering from doublets through their evaluation of the extinction cross section. The evaluations of the rate constants by all previous theories become untenable as the size parameter increases and therefore hampers the applicable range of the turbidity measurement. By using the T-matrix method, we present a robust solution for evaluating the extinction cross section of doublets formed in the aggregation. Our experiments show that this new approach is effective in extending the applicability range of the turbidity methodology and increasing measurement accuracy.

Atomistic investigation of the effects of temperature and surface roughness on diffusion bonding between Cu and Al

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are carried out to analyze the diffusion bonding at Cu/Al interfaces. The results indicate that the thickness of the interfacial layer is temperature-dependent, with higher temperatures yielding larger thicknesses. At temperatures below 750 K, the interface thickness is found to increase in a stepwise manner as a function of time. At temperatures above 750 K, the thickness increases rapidly and smoothly. When surface roughness is present, the bonding process consists of three stages. In the first stage, surfaces deform under stress, resulting in increased contact areas. The second stage involves significant plastic deformation at the interface as temperature increases, resulting in the disappearance of interstices and full contact of the surface pair. The last stage entails the diffusion of atoms under constant temperature. The bonded specimens show tensile strengths reaching 88% of the ideal Cu/Al contact strength. (c) 2007 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

La dinámica del viaje en el contexto del Ms. Esc. K-III-4 : Libro de Apolonio, Vida de Santa María Egipciaca, Libro de los tres reyes de Oriente

Resumen: Los personajes de los tres poemas castellanos del temprano siglo XIII que componen el manuscrito K-III-4 de la Biblioteca de San Lorenzo de El Escorial (Libro de Apolonio, Vida de Santa María Egipciaca, Libro de los tres reyes de Oriente) viajan lamentando aquello que han perdido a causa de la ira regia, el propio pecado o la amenaza de muerte inminente, pero también para superar esas pérdidas. Esos viajes representan la medida de una aventura medieval cuya dinámica expresa la concepción profunda de la trayectoria vital como prueba cristiana, según se analizará en el presente trabajo.