Cytogenotoxicity biomarkers in fat snook Centropomus parallelus from Cananeia and Sao Vicente estuaries, SP, Brazil

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Mentol como anestésico para dourado (Salminus brasiliensis)

Different levels of menthol as an anesthetic for dourado (Salminus brasiliensis) were evaluated in this study. Fish (n=32) with average weight of 194.13 +/- 9.06 g and total mean length of 25.30 +/- 0.90 cm were separated in four groups composed of 8 individuals. Each group was submitted to different menthol concentrations: 60, 90, 120 and 150 mg L(-1). Total induction time was analyzed by polynomial regression and other parameters by Tukey's test. All experimental fish exposed to different concentrations of menthol reached deep anesthesia stage without mortality. It was observed a negative linear effect (P<0.05) for total induction time. The longest recovery time (172.60 s) was observed for dourado treated with 120 mg. L(-1), which differed (P<0.05) from the 90 mg.L(-1) treatment (122.03 s). All levels evaluated in this study were safe and effective. A concentration of 60 mg L(-1) for dourado is suggested based on lower cost and adequate induction and recovery time responses.

Eugenol em juvenis de tilápia do nilo: concentrações e administrações sucessivas

Several anesthetics are used in aquaculture to reduce the stress caused by management. In the field, the most common anesthetic is benzocaine, but several authors are researching about eugenol. The objective of this study were to compare the action of these drugs on the anesthetics stages and measure the effects of successive administration of eugenol on the anesthetics stages in Oreochromis niloticus. In the first test, fish (47.73 +/- 8.73 g and 14.23 +/- 0.81 cm) were subjected to five concentrations of eugenol (40, 60, 80, 100 and 120 mg L-1) and one of benzocaine (100 mg L-1). All the anesthetic concentrations tested were able to induce fish to all stages of anesthesia, and revealed an inverse relationship between the induction times and increased concentrations. The minimum concentration of eugenol to induce anesthesia was 100 mg L-1. In the second test, the juveniles (38.07 +/- 5.00 g and 12.70 +/- 0.54 cm) were exposed to concentrations of 60, 80, 100 mg L-1 of eugenol, as determined in the first test. Evaluating the differences between successive days, there was no significant difference (P > 0.05) between anesthetics stages in the concentrations of eugenol tested, suggesting that the residue of eugenol was removed from the fish in less than 24 hours.

Benzocaine and eugenol as anesthetics for Brycon hilarii

A utilização de produtos anestésicos durante práticas de manejo é frequentemente empregada, porém doses corretas de diferentes fármacos e para espécies distintas ainda estão em fases de pesquisa. O objetivo do estudo foi determinar a melhor concentração de benzocaína e eugenol para juvenis de piraputanga (B. hilarii). Foram utilizados 104 juvenis de piraputanga com peso médio de 50,04 ± 20,80 g e comprimento total médio de 16,30 ± 12,32 cm adquiridos em uma piscicultura comercial localizada na região Oeste do Estado do Paraná. O trabalho foi conduzido no Laboratório de Aquicultura do Grupo de Estudos de Manejo na Aquicultura - GEMAq da Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (UNIOESTE). Os animais foram submetidos a cinco concentrações de benzocaína (50,0; 100,0; 150,0; 200,0 e 250,0 mg L-1) e sete concentrações de eugenol (50,0; 100,0; 150,0; 200,0; 250,0; 300,0 e 350 mg L-1), para a aferição dos tempos referentes à letargia. Para a recuperação, os animais foram mantidos em aquários livre do anestésico e observado o tempo em que retornaram às atividades normais. A melhor dose de benzocaína verificada foi de 100 mg L-1, enquanto a melhor dose de eugenol foi entre 100 e 150 mg L-1.