42 MeV/u~(12)C与~(115)In反应的靶余核

本实验使用放射化学方法测定了42 MeV/u (12)C与~(115)In相互作用靶余核的生成截面。借助高斯电荷分布的假设得到了靶余核的质量分布。将实验得到的质量分布与熔合碎裂模型和级联的两体衰变模型进行了比较。特别值得注意的是，使用统计的两体衰变模型Monte Carlo GEMINI程序计算第一次与实验结果符合得非常满意。同时计算结果也表明：在42MeV/u的轰击能量下，完全熔合对靶余核的产物仍然有很大的贡献。在同样的假设下，得到了靶余核的同位素分布。可以看到，同位素分布的宽度随靶余核原子序数的增加而增加，在此对利用中能重离子反应生成新的远离β稳定线的缺中子核素进行了讨论

46.7 MeV/u~(12)C轰击~(58)Ni、~(115)In、~(197)Au反应中粒子发射研究中子皮及中子分布弥散度对核势的影响

用能量密度公式及小液滴模型给出的费米密度分布，并引入中子皮及中子分布弥散度随中子过剩自由度增加而增加这一因素，计算了重离子反应在相互作用势及熔合位垒。熔合位垒的计算值和实验值符合很好，特别是在中重核区域，改善了以前的计算结果。详细研究了亲近势标度，发现用中子皮及中子分布弥散度的变化能较好地解释中子过剩自由度对新近势标度偏离的影响。本工作对奇异核结构与核反应性质的研究无疑是有用的。我们利用HIRFL提供的46.7MeV/u ~(12)C束轰击~(58)Ni、~(115)In、~(197)Au研究了反应中发射的α粒子角分布和能谱。从速度表象中洛仑兹不变截面等高图中明显看到发射α粒子的三个源。用这三个源的运动模型成功拟合了α粒子能谱，所提取的参数符合费米气体模型计算结果，并讨论了能谱及拟合参数对靶的依赖关系。认为快速源实质上来自弹核碎裂或类弹核碎裂

47MeV/u~(12) C轰击~(197)Au和~(209)Bi引起的裂变关联测量

本论文的工作：利用两体裂变角关联技术，辅之以飞行时间测量，测定了47MeV/u的~(12)C轰击~(197)Au和~(209)Bi靶中心碰撞对应的线性动量转移（LMT），得到了关联裂片出射的共面歧离分布，同时还发现了关联角很小且共面歧离很大的裂变事件，并得到了其相对速度分布。从测到的LMT分布中，得到中心碰撞对应的最可几线性动量转移约占入射动量的65％，相应于单核子线性动量转移约为192MeV/c.A，进而还估算出了所形成热核的激发能上限。在对关联裂片出射的共面歧离效应研究中，发现了共面歧离宽度是热核激发能的较好量度之一。并给出了共面歧离宽度跟热核单核子激发能的经验关系；还用简化的裂片级联蒸发模型估算了蒸发中子、质子和α粒子的平均多重性

12个日本落叶松家系扦插苗造林后的高生长表现及其稳定性分析

文章分析了 12个日本落叶松家系扦插苗造林后的高生长表现、遗传参数和稳定性参数。得出 :在经过一次选择后 ,优良家系 (超过日本落叶松丰产林标准 15 % )只占全部家系的 1/3 ,并且仍有少量的家系低于此标准 ,可能的原因是基因型×环境 (年份 )互作的敏感性 ;连续测定期间 ,树高总生长量的广义遗传力变化不大 (74 5%～78.0 % ) ,说明高生长受中上等遗传效应的控制 ;但遗传变异系数和表型变异系数均随年龄增长而下降 ,显然再行选择需加大选择强度 ;然而 ,变异系数下降有利于为生产提供品质均一的无性系材料。稳定性分析表明 ,家系×年龄的互作是明显的 ,即高生长性状是对环境敏感的性状 ;多数家系能够利用模型进行回归预测 ;如欲在树木发育的幼龄期进行选择 ,当缺少多点试验数据时 ,只能通过连续测定 ,对稳定性好的家系作出可靠评价。文中还对稳定性方法在早期测定中的作用进行了探讨。

国产12种苔藓植物的染色体数目

报道了中国产 1 2种苔藓植物染色体数目 ,结果为 :壶苞苔Blasiapusilla ,n =9;艳绿光苔Cy athodiumsmaragdinum ,n =9;紫背苔Plagiochasmarupestre,n =9;石地钱Rebouliahemisphaerica ,n =9;宽片叶苔Riccardialatifrons,n =1 0 ;尖叶美喙藓Eurhynchiumeustegium ,n =1 1 ;东亚沼羽藓Helodiumsachali nense,n =1 1 ;白齿藓Leucodonsciuroides,n =1 1 ;齿边细枝藓Lindbergiaserrulatus,n =1 1 ;疣小金发藓Pogonatumurnigerum ,n =7;台湾拟金发藓Polytrichastrumformosum ,n =7;金发藓Polytrichumcommune,n=7。其中艳绿光苔、齿边细枝藓和东亚沼羽藓的染色体数目为首次报道。

汶川5.12大地震地表次生灾害评价与分析

针对汶川5.12大地震,对由地震引起的地质次生灾害发生的坡度和坡向进行了统计,分析了地表破坏的易发坡度、坡向及其与震中的关系等。另外,分别以不同震中距为缓冲区、以平行中央断裂带的各级缓冲区、以等烈度区为缓冲区对地震引起的地表破坏的空间分布以及发生地表破坏的坡度在各级缓冲区中的变化进行了分析。结果表明:①地震引发的滑坡及滑坡群共5093个,总面积大约958km2;②在30°～44°坡度区间地表破坏发生的数量最大,42°坡度为地表破坏发生概率的拐点。主要的地表破坏发生在迎着地震波传播的坡向上;③随着震中距的增

Microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-12.3Zn-5.8Y-1.4Al alloy

Microstructure and mechanical properties of as-cast and heat-treated Mg-12.3Zn-5.8Y-1.4Al (ZYA1261) alloy were investigated. The phase compositions of the as-cast alloy are alpha-Mg, Mg3YZn6 (I-phase), Mg(3)y(2)Zn(3) (W-phase), Mg12YZn (Z-phase), Mg24Y5, MgZn and a small quantity of Al-containing phase.

Assembly of 12-tungstosilicic acid and 4-aminobenzo-15-crown-5 ether based on the electrostatic attraction through bridging of oxonium ions on different substrates

Based on the electrostatic attraction Keggin-type polyoxometalate H4SiW12O40 (SiW12) and small molecule 4-aminobenzo-15-crown-5 ether (4-AB15C5) were alternately deposited on poly (allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH)-derived indium tin oxide (ITO) substrate through a layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly, forming a supramolecular multilayer film (film-A). SiW12 was also deposited on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) derived by 4-AB15C5 via covalent bonding in 0.1 M NaCl aqueous solution and formed a composite monolayer film (film-B). UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy measurements demonstrated that the interactions between SiW12 and 4-AB15C5 in both two film electrodes were the same and caused by the bridging action of oxonium ions. But, the nanostructure in the two film electrodes was different. 4-AB15C5 in film-A was oriented horizontally to ITO substrate, however, that in film-B was oriented vertically to GCE. Namely film-A corresponded to a layer structure, and film-B corresponded to an intercalation structure.

Morphology evolutions of organically modified montmorillonite/polyamide 12 nanocomposites

Organically modified montmorillonites (OMMTs) by octadecylammonium chloride with two adsorption levels were dispersed in polyamide 12 (PA12) matrices with two molecular weights for different melt mixing times in order to investigate morphology evolutions and factors influencing fabrication of PA12 nanocomposites. Different adsorption levels of the modifier in the OMMTs provide different environments for diffusion of polymer chains and different attractions between MMT layers. Wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and gas permeability were used to characterize morphologies of the nanocomposites. Both OMMTs can be exfoliated in the PA12 matrix with higher molecular weight, but only OMMT with lower adsorption level can be exfoliated in the PA12 matrix with lower molecular weight. It was attributed to the differences in the levels of shear stress and molecular diffusion in the nanocomposites. The exfoliation of OMMT platelets results from a combination of molecular diffusion and shear. After intercalation of PA12 into interlayer of OMMT in the initial period of mixing, further dispersion of OMMTs in PA12 matrices is controlled by a slippage process of MMT layers during fabricating PA12 nanocomposites with exfoliated structure.

Chemical effects of cationic surfactant and anionic surfactant used in organically modified montmorillonites on degradation and fire retardancy of polyamide 12 nanocomposites

Three kinds of organically modified Na+-montmorillonites (OMMTs), including two kinds of octadecylammonium modified montmorillonite with different contents of octadecylammonium and a kind of sodium dodecylsulfonate (SDSo) modified montmorillonite, were used to prepare polyamide 12 (PA12)/OMMT nanocomposites. Effects of the modifiers on degradation and fire retardancy of PA12/OMMT nanocomposites were investigated. Acid sites formed in cationic surfactant modified MMT via Hoffman decomposition could accelerate degradation of PA12 at high temperature. However, catalytic effect of the acid sites on carbonization of the degradation products promoted char barrier formation, which reduced heat release rate (HRR). Higher content of cationic surfactant in OMMT is beneficial to fire retardancy of PA12 nanocomposites and the dispersion states of OMMT have assistant effects. In contrast, Na+-montmorillonite (Na-MMT) and anionic surfactant modified MMT (a-MMT) could not form acid sites on the MMT layers; in this case, fire retardancy of PA12/Na-MMT appears to have no improvement and PA12/a-MMT appears to have limited improvement.

Surface-appropriate lipophobicity - Application in isobutene oligomerization over Teflon-modified silica-supported 12-silicotungstic acid

A series of silica-supported 12-silicotungstic acid catalysts (H4SiW12O40, abbreviated as HSiW), modified with various loadings of Teflon (HSiW/SiO2-Teflon), were prepared by an impregnation method. The surface properties of the catalysts were studied by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), BET, infrared (IR) spectroscopy, NH3-TPD and the Drop Shape Analysis (DSA). SEM results combined with energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) measurements of HSiW/SiO2-Teflon revealed that F-compound (Teflon) is effectively coated on the catalyst surface. The contact angles for water and oil of 50 wt% HSiW/SiO2 and HSiW/SiO2-Teflon indicate that HSiW/SiO2-Teflon catalyst enhances not only the surface hydrophobicity but also the surface lipophobicity by means of the addition of Teflon. Silica-supported 12-silicotungstic acid modified with Teflon exhibits higher C-8(=) selectivity and longer lifetime than that of silica-supported 12-silicotungstic acid in isobutene oligomerization. Thus, surface-appropriate lipophobicity of catalysts may be effective for decreasing the interaction between coke precursors and the catalyst surface and for removing deposited coke more easily.

Reactive blending of modified polypropylene and polyamide 12: Effects of compatibilizer content on crystallization and blend morphology

The crystallization behavior and morphology of nonreactive and reactive melt-mixed blends of polypropylene (PP) and polyamide (PA12; as the dispersed phase) were investigated. It Was found that the crystallization behavior and the size of the PA12 particles were dependent on the content of the compatibilizer (maleic anhydride-modified polypropylene) because an in situ reaction occurred between the maleic anhydride groups of the compatibilizer and the amide end groups of PA12. When the amount of compatibilizer was more than 4%, the PA12 did not crystallize at temperatures typical for bulk crystallization. These finely dispersed PA12 particles crystallized co-incidently with the 1313 phase. The changes in domain size with compatibilizer content were consistent with Wu's theory. These investigations showed that crystallization of the dispersed phase Could not be explained solely by the size of the dispersion. The interfacial tension between the polymeric components in the blends may yield information on the fractionation of crystallization.