Fauna parasitária de peixes oriundos de pesque-pague do município de Guariba, São Paulo, Brasil

This study describes the occurrence and the seasonality of parasites of cultivated fish from a fee fishing farm located in Guariba, São Paulo State, Brazil (21°15'22'' S, 48°18'58'' W and 595 m of altitude), from August, 2001 to July, 2002. The presence of parasites was researched in pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus (Characidae), common carp Cyprinus carpio (Cyprinidae), nile-tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (Cichlidae), tambacu hybrid (male of P. mesopotamicus x female of tambaqui-Colossoma macropomum) and piraputanga Brycon hillari (Characidae). Results demonstrate that out of 100 fish examined, 15% were sponged for at least one of the following parasites: Trichodina sp.; monogenean helminths; copepodits of Lemaea cyprinacea; adults of L. cyprinacea; or Dolops carvalhoi. In decreasing order, the susceptibility degree of the hosts was C. carpio, P. mesopotamicus, B. hillari, tambacu hybrid and O. niloticus. In decreasing order the reported parasites were monogenean helminths, Dolops carvalhoi, Trichodina sp., adults of Lernaea cyprinacea and their young shapes.

Aspectos químicos, biológicos e etnofarmacológicos do gênero Cassia

Species of Cassia are widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions throughout the world, and have been extensively investigated chemically and pharmacologically.They are known to be a rich source of phenolic derivatives, most of them with important biological and pharmacological properties. Some Asian, African and Indian tribes use these species as a laxative, purgative, antimicrobial, antipyretic, antiviral and anti-inflammatory agent. Among a number of other classes of secondary metabolites, such as anthracene derivatives, antraquinones, steroids and stilbenoids, biologically active piperidine alkaloids are an especially important bioactive class of compounds that showed to be restricted to a small group of Cassia species. In this paper we present an overview of the chemical, biological and ethnopharmacological data on Cassia piblished in the literature.

O impacto da pesca do camarão-rosa Farfantepenaeus paulensis (Perez-Farfante) (Decapoda, Penaeidae) nas assembléias de peixes e siris do Parque Nacional da Lagoa do Peixe, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil

This work evaluates the impact of the pink shrimp Farfantepenaeus paulensis (Perez-Farfante, 1967) fishery on fish and crab assemblages of Lagoa do Peixe National Park, Brazil. We observed that composition of catches is similar to shrimp fisheries using fyke-net at others estuaries of Rio Grande do Sul State: pink shrimp (53%), accessory catches (24%) and bycatch (23%). However, fishery composition showed distinct differences along the saline gradient of the main park's lagoon. Regarding only fish species, the most impacted species in this fishery were Brevoortia pectinata (Jenyns, 1842), Micropogonias furnieri (Desmarest, 1823), and Jenynsia multidentata (Jenyns, 1842). In others estuaries from Rio Grande do Sul, in contrast, the most impacted species were M. furnieri, Genidens barbus (Lacepède, 1803) and Genidens genidens (Cuvier, 1829). The potential impact of the pink shrimp fishery at Lagoa do Peixe National Park seemed to be weaker when compared to shrimp fisheries elsewhere. We believe that the decision to prohibit this fishery at the Lagoa do Peixe National Park should not be based on its potential damage to the fish and crab assemblages but based on the simple fact that Brazilian laws do not allow fisheries inside National Parks.

Uso de indicadores hidrológicos para classificação de trechos de estradas florestais quanto ao escoamento superficial

Forest roads are frequently pointed as source of environmental problems related to erosion and they also influence harvest cost due to maintenance operations. Roads not well designed are sources of hydrological problems on catchments and the current attention to sustainability of forest exploration projects point out to the need of diagnostics tools for guiding the redesign of the road system. At this study, runoff hydrological indicators for forest road segments were assessed in order to identify critical points of erosion and water concentration on soils. A road network of a forest production area was divided into 252 road segments that were used as observations of four variables: mean terrain slope, main segment slope, LS factor and topographic index. The data analysis was based on descriptive statistics for outliers' identification, principal component analysis and for variability study between variables and between observations, and cluster analysis for similar segments groups' identification. The results allowed classifying roads segments into five mains road types: road on the ridge, on the valley, on the slopes, on the slopes but in a contour line and on the steepest slope. The indicators were able to highlight the most critical segments that differ of others and are potential sources of erosion and water accumulation problems on forest roads. The principal component analysis showed two main variability sources related to terrain topographic characteristics and also road design, showing that indicators represent well those elements. The methodology seems to be appropriated for identification of critical road segments that need to be redesigned and also for road network planning at new forest exploration projects.

Aspectos biológicos de Dione juno juno (Cramer) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) em genótipos de maracujazeiro

It was studied the effect of passion fruit genotypes on Dione juno juno (Cramer) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) development. The experiment was carried out in a laboratory, under controlled conditions (temperature: 26 ± 1° C, RH = 60 ± 10% and photophase of 14 hours). Newly-hatched larvae were fed with leaves from different passion fruit genotypes: Passiflora edulis Sims., P. alata Dryand., P. serrato-digitata L., P. edulis f. flavicarpa Deg. ('Sul Brasil'), P. edulis f. flavicarpa, P. edulis f. flavicarpa ('Maguary FB-100') and P. foetida L. Fifty larvae from eggs collected in the field were used per genotype. Larvae were kept on passion fruits branches inside PVC tubes until pupation. Daily observations were performed and branches were replaced whenever necessary. The following parameters were evaluated: duration and viability of larval and pupal phases, larval and pupal weight and adult longevity. The experiment was arranged in randomized blocks design with seven treatments and ten replications. Data were subjected to an ANOVA and means were compared by Tukey test at 5% of probability. The least adequate genotypes for D. juno juno development were P. alata, P. serrato-digitata and P. foetida, showing a high level of antibiosis, while P. edulis, P. edulis f. flavicarpa, 'Maguary FB-100' and 'Sul Brasil' were the most suitable.

A Influência da Referência de Tensão na Avaliação de Indicadores de Qualidade de Energia

This paper discusses the importance of the voltage referential for power quality monitoring and power systempsilas instrumentation. Considering the operating conditions of simple power circuits, it will be demonstrated that an incorrect choice of the voltages referential may result in erroneous quantification of some power quality indices, especially in three-phase four wire circuits. The use of a virtual reference point and the neutral conductor as reference have been considered and the simulation results confirm the influence of the voltage reference selection in the evaluation of total harmonic distortion, unbalance factors and voltage sags. Finally a way of linking both methods will be discussed by means of Blakesleypsilas theorem. © Copyright 2010 IEEE - All Rights Reserved.

Influěncia defluídos biológicos na sobrevivěncia de staphylococus aureus sobre diferentes superficiessecas

It is known that the transmission of hospital infections, whether environmental or cross infection, is facilitated by the enhanced survival of microorganisms on dry surfaces that is caused by the presence of biological fluids. To demonstrate the need for care with bodily substances in the routine of cleaning, this study evaluated the influence of some body fluids (blood, urine and artificial saliva), deposited in the same way on various surfaces and allowed to dry, on the survival of Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923). Blood was able to preserve bacterial viability for up to 72 days when deposited on ceramic flooring. Fabric of cotton fiber allowed longer survival than synthetic fabric. These results show that the composition of biological fluid and type of support influence bacterial survival in normal conditions.

Panorama de la Agricultura de América Latina y el Caribe en las últimas décadas: indicadores de comportamiento en cuadros y gráficos = Survey of agriculture in Latin America and the Caribbean over recent decades: performance indicators in charts and tables

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Ensaios biológicos para avaliação de segurança de produtos cosméticos

Despite efforts to the contrary, some cosmetic products can cause undesirable side effects in the users. These may often be due to individual factors or inappropriate use of the product. Thus, biological assays to assess the safety of a new cosmetic must precede its being placed on the market. Historically, these tests have always been carried out in vivo, in animals, since such tests can be used to evaluate many of the potential risks, such as irritation, allergy or systemic effects; but, recently, some research centers have been adopting in vitro alternatives, in order to replace the animal tests. This review emphasizes the need to employ biological assays to test the safety of cosmetic products, and reviews the main in vivo and in vitro tests used, focusing on the need to develop and use alternatives to the in vivo assays of product safety, so as to offer the consumers the maximum safety with the least possible risk, while ensuring the best conditions of use of the product.

Qualidade química da água residual da criação de peixes para cultivo de alface em hidroponia

Aiming to evaluate the association of hydroponic lettuce cultivation with residues from a fish intensive breeding system, a project was carried out in the Aquaculture Center in the FCAV-UNESP at Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil. A closed system was designed in order to allow the water to circulate through the fish tanks, a clarifier tank for removal of residues, a reservoir for biological conversion of ammonia into nitrate, and the hydroponic system. After this process, water returned back to the fish tanks. Three varieties of lettuce, constituting the treatments with four repetitions were evaluated. The results of the chemical analysis of the residual water from the fish tanks indicated the presence of the majority of the mineral nutrients necessary for vegetable development. Their concentration was close to that found in nutrient solutions, used for lettuce hydroponic cultivation, except for potassium and magnesium. The low concentration of magnesium in the water did not prevent lettuce development, although the plants presented visual symptoms of deficiency of this nutrient. Differences were not found between the varieties produced, regarding productivity and the mean weight of fresh plants.

Indicadores económico-ambientales para las cuentas nacionales

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El sistema de indicadores socioeconómicos de la desertificación

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Proceso de consulta local sobre desertificación e indicadores

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Las dimensiones socioeconómicas de la desertificación: avances en la utilización de indicadores: un ejercicio en el caso de Mendoza, Argentina

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Monitoreo de la desertificación mediante indicadores ambientales y sociales y métodos participativos: el sistema MONITOR

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