TECNOLOGIAS de produção de soja - região central do Brasil 2011.

Exigências climáticas: exigências hídricas. Exigências térmicas e fotoperiódicas. Rotação de culturas: informações gerais. Conceito. Planejamento da lavoura. Escolha do sistema de rotação de culturas. Manejo do solo: sistema plantio direto (SPD). Sistema convencional de preparo do solo. Rotação de culturas. Correção e manutenção da fertilidade do solo: amostragem e análise do solo. Acidez do solo. Calagem. Qualidade e uso do calcário. Correção da acidez subsuperficial. Estado de minas gerais exigências minerais e adubação para a cultura da soja adubação. Cultivares tecnologia de sementes e colheita: Qualidade da semente. Armazenamento das sementes. Padronização da nomenclatura do tamanho das sementes, após classificação por tamanho 3. Tratamento de sementes com fungicidas. Seleção do local para produção de sementes. Avaliação da qualidade na produção de sementes: DIACOM (diagnóstico completo da qualidade da semente de soja). Metodologia alternativa para o teste de germinação de sementes de soja. Remoção de torrões para prevenir a disseminação do nematóide de cisto. Remoção de esclerócios para prevenir a disseminação do mofo branco. Alerta sobre dessecação em pré-colheita de campos de produção de semente. Manejo de plantas daninhas na entressafra. Colheita. Fixação biológica de nitrogênio: introdução. Qualidade e quantidade dos inoculantes. Aplicação de fungicidas às sementes junto com o inoculante. Aplicação de micronutrientes nas sementes. Aplicação de fungicidas e micronutrientes nas sementes, junto com o inoculante. Inoculação em áreas com cultivo anterior de soja. Inoculação em áreas de primeiro cultivo com soja. Nitrogênio mineral. Instalação da lavoura: época, espaçamento e população de plantas: Fatores relacionados. Época de semeadura. Diversificação e rotação de cultivares. População de plantas e espaçamento. Controle de plantas daninhas: Informações importantes. Semeadura direta e a entressafra. Manejo de plantas daninhas na soja RR (Roundup Ready). Disseminação. Resistência. Dessecação em pré-colheita da soja. Manuseio de herbicidas e descarte de embalagens. Manejo da buva. Manejo de insetos-pragas: Espécies de insetos que atacam a soja. Níveis de dano para tomada de decisão de controle. Medidas de controle. Pragas de difícil controle. Manuseio de inseticidas e descarte de embalagens. Doenças e medidas de controle: Considerações gerais. Doenças identificadas no Brasil. Principais doenças e medidas de controle. Manuseio de fungicidas e descarte de embalagem. Retenção foliar e haste verde. Utilização de regulador de crescimento.

Desempenho de genótipos de triticale no Brasil central.

2008

BRS Guamirim em 2007: rendimento superior e boa sanidade, apesar da condição climática favorável à giberela.

2008

Resistencia do carrapato Boophilus microplus a carrapaticidas no Brasil Central.

Esta publicacao tem por objetivo fornecer subsidios para o diagnostico de resistencia aos carrapaticidas e orientar quanto as acoes no caso de essa resistencia ser observada em uma propriedade rural. A Embrapa Cerrados desenvolveu um trabalho com o objetivo de caracterizar a susceptibilidade do B. microplus, em relacao aos principios ativos carrapaticidas utilizados no Distrito Federal e Goias, empregando metodologia mundialmente recomendada, cujos resultados sao aqui apresentados. Nas diferentes localidades estudadas, foi observado indicio de resistencia do parasito a quase todos os principios ativos testados. O produto a base de amitraz foi o mais eficiente. Ha necessidade de campanha de conscientizacao sobre o problema da resistencia dirigida aos produtores rurais e de sensibiliza-los para a realizacao de testes com carrapaticidas para posterior recomendacao do produto a ser utilizado na fazenda e indicacao do manejo para controle do carrapato. Foram observadas variacoes da eficacia dos produtos nas diferentes amostras testadas, independente da localizacao das propriedades rurais. Nos testes com larvas, utilizando-se papeis impregnados com produtos acaricidas puros, a flumetrina mostrou-se mais eficiente nas diferentes concentracoes.

Educação Ambiental ajuda produtor a recuperar Matas de Galeria no Brasil Central.

2001

Tensiometria aplicada no manejo da irrigação por pivô-central na cultura do trigo.

2001

Ferrugem e mancha-foliar em milheto (Pennisetum glaucum) no cerrado do Brasil Central.

2001

Incidencia e distribuicao do virus do endurecimento dos frutos do maracujazeiro no cerrado do Brasil Central.

2001

Bipolaris maydis causando manchas foliares em capim-elefante no Brasil Central.

2008

Altered of apoptotic markers of both extrinsic and intrinsic pathways induced by hepatitis C virus infection in peripheral blood mononuclear cells

Background: Chronic hepatitis C (CHC) has emerged as a leading cause of cirrhosis in the U. S. and across the world. To understand the role of apoptotic pathways in hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, we studied the mRNA and protein expression patterns of apoptosis-related genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) obtained from patients with HCV infection.Methods: the present study included 50 subjects which plasma samples were positive for HCV, but negative for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or hepatitis B virus (HBV). These cases were divided into four groups according to METAVIR, a score-based analysis which helps to interpret a liver biopsy according to the degree of inflammation and fibrosis. mRNA expression of the studied genes were analyzed by reverse transcription of quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and protein levels, analyzed by ELISA, was also conducted. HCV genotyping was also determined.Results: HCV infection increased mRNA expression and protein synthesis of caspase 8 in group 1 by 3 fold and 4 fold, respectively (p < 0.05). in group 4 HCV infection increased mRNA expression and protein synthesis of caspase 9 by 2 fold and 1,5 fold, respectively (p < 0.05). Also, caspase 3 mRNA expression and protein synthesis had level augumented by HCV infection in group 1 by 4 fold and 5 fold, respectively, and in group 4 by 6 fold and 7 fold, respectively (p < 0.05).Conclusions: HCV induces alteration at both genomic and protein levels of apoptosis markers involved with extrinsic and intrinsic pathways.

Pressure support versus T-tube for weaning from mechanical ventilation in adults

BackgroundMechanical ventilation is important in caring for patients with critical illness. Clinical complications, increased mortality, and high costs of health care are associated with prolonged ventilatory support or premature discontinuation of mechanical ventilation. Weaning refers to the process of gradually or abruptly withdrawing mechanical ventilation. the weaning process begins after partial or complete resolution of the underlying pathophysiology precipitating respiratory failure and ends with weaning success (successful extubation in intubated patients or permanent withdrawal of ventilatory support in tracheostomized patients).ObjectivesTo evaluate the effectiveness and safety of two strategies, a T-tube and pressure support ventilation, for weaning adult patients with respiratory failure that required invasive mechanical ventilation for at least 24 hours, measuring weaning success and other clinically important outcomes.Search methodsWe searched the following electronic databases: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (The Cochrane Library 2012, Issue 6); MEDLINE (via PubMed) (1966 to June 2012); EMBASE (January 1980 to June 2012); LILACS (1986 to June 2012); CINAHL (1982 to June 2012); SciELO (from 1997 to August 2012); thesis repository of CAPES (Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior) (http://capesdw.capes.gov.br/capesdw/) (August 2012); and Current Controlled Trials (August 2012).We reran the search in December 2013. We will deal with any studies of interest when we update the review.Selection criteriaWe included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared a T-tube with pressure support (PS) for the conduct of spontaneous breathing trials and as methods of gradual weaning of adult patients with respiratory failure of various aetiologies who received invasive mechanical ventilation for at least 24 hours.Data collection and analysisTwo authors extracted data and assessed the methodological quality of the included studies. Meta-analyses using the random-effects model were conducted for nine outcomes. Relative risk (RR) and mean difference (MD) or standardized mean difference (SMD) were used to estimate the treatment effect, with 95% confidence intervals (CI).Main resultsWe included nine RCTs with 1208 patients; 622 patients were randomized to a PS spontaneous breathing trial (SBT) and 586 to a T-tube SBT. the studies were classified into three categories of weaning: simple, difficult, and prolonged. Four studies placed patients in two categories of weaning. Pressure support ventilation (PSV) and a T-tube were used directly as SBTs in four studies (844 patients, 69.9% of the sample). in 186 patients (15.4%) both interventions were used along with gradual weaning from mechanical ventilation; the PS was gradually decreased, twice a day, until it was minimal and periods with a T-tube were gradually increased to two and eight hours for patients with difficult and prolonged weaning. in two studies (14.7% of patients) the PS was lowered to 2 to 4 cm H2O and 3 to 5 cm H2O based on ventilatory parameters until the minimal PS levels were reached. PS was then compared to the trial with the T-tube (TT).We identified 33 different reported outcomes in the included studies; we took 14 of them into consideration and performed meta-analyses on nine. With regard to the sequence of allocation generation, allocation concealment, selective reporting and attrition bias, no study presented a high risk of bias. We found no clear evidence of a difference between PS and TT for weaning success (RR 1.07, 95% CI 0.97 to 1.17, 9 studies, low quality of evidence), intensive care unit (ICU) mortality (RR 0.81, 95% CI 0.53 to 1.23, 5 studies, low quality of evidence), reintubation (RR 0.92, 95% CI 0.66 to 1.26, 7 studies, low quality evidence), ICU and long-term weaning unit (LWU) length of stay (MD -7.08 days, 95% CI -16.26 to 2.1, 2 studies, low quality of evidence) and pneumonia (RR 0.67, 95% CI 0.08 to 5.85, 2 studies, low quality of evidence). PS was significantly superior to the TT for successful SBTs (RR 1.09, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.17, 4 studies, moderate quality of evidence). Four studies reported on weaning duration, however we were unable to combined the study data because of differences in how the studies presented their data. One study was at high risk of other bias and four studies were at high risk for detection bias. Three studies reported that the weaning duration was shorter with PS, and in one study the duration was shorter in patients with a TT.Authors' conclusionsTo date, we have found evidence of generally low quality from studies comparing pressure support ventilation (PSV) and with a T-tube. the effects on weaning success, ICU mortality, reintubation, ICU and LWU length of stay, and pneumonia were imprecise. However, PSV was more effective than a T-tube for successful spontaneous breathing trials (SBTs) among patients with simple weaning. Based on the findings of single trials, three studies presented a shorter weaning duration in the group undergoing PS SBT, however a fourth study found a shorter weaning duration with a T-tube.