Efluxo de CO2 do solo em diferentes usos e coberturas da terra em Tomé-Açu, Amazônia Oriental.

Sistemas de uso e cobertura do solo podem afetar o efluxo de CO2 do solo, condicionado por fatores abióticos e bióticos. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a variação do efluxo de CO2 do solo em diferentes sistemas - sistemas agroflorestais com palma de óleo com diferentes históricos de uso prévio, dois monocultivos de palma de óleo, e três florestas sucessionais com diferentes idades. As menores médias de efluxo de CO2 nas áreas de cultivo convencional de palma de óleo, possivelmente está relacionada a baixa diversidade de espécies desses cultivos, e menor atividade microbiana. O maior efluxo de CO2 do solo ocorreu na floresta sucessional de 30 anos

Avaliação de caracteres agronômicos em progênies de cupuaçuzeiro, resistentes à vassoura-de-bruxa, no município de Tomé-Açu.

O objetivo do trabalho foi analisar o desempenho de 25 progênies de cupuaçuzeiro quanto ao desenvolvimento vegetativo, nos três primeiros anos, produção de frutos e incidência de vassoura-de-bruxa durante cinco safras. O experimento foi implantado em Sistema Agroflorestal (SAF), juntamente com pimenta-do-reino (2,5 x 2,5 m) e taperebá, (30 x 20 m). O cupuaçuzeiro teve delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, com 25 tratamentos, 5 repetições e 3 plantas por parcela. Os resultados da análise estatística revelaram que, quanto à variável altura, a progênie 140 teve maior destaque, com média de 2,56 m, não diferindo, entretanto, de outras 15 progênies. Não houve diferença estatística entre as progênies quanto ao diâmetro do caule. Quanto à produção de frutos, as progênies 139, 140 160 e 167 foram as mais produtivas, com destaque para a 167, com média de 15,37 frutos/planta/safra. Em contrapartida, as progênies 122, 128, 133, 147, 149 e 165 não tiveram boa performance produtiva nas cinco safras iniciais. Há nessa população, portanto, variabilidade suficiente para permitir a seleção de materiais promissores para o programa de melhoramento genético. Apesar de não ter havido tempo hábil para a seleção das progênies mais resistentes, foi possível identificar aquelas mais sensíveis à Moniliophthora perniciosa

Compatibilidade genética entre clones de cupuaçuzeiro do Pará, Amazonas e Rondônia, avaliada em Tomé Açu - PA.

O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar, preliminarmente, a compatibilidade genética entre clones de cupuaçuzeiro, selecionados pelas Unidades da Embrapa, no Pará, Amazonas e Rondônia. Os materiais encontravam-se plantados na Base Física da Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, no município de Tomé Açu. A pesquisa foi realizada no período de agosto a novembro de 2015. A técnica de polinização manual controlada foi desenvolvida no início de abertura dos botões florais, das 12 às 16 horas, e envolveu sete clones do programa de melhoramento genético da Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, utilizados como mãe; cinco clones do programa da Embrapa Amazônia Ocidental e três da Embrapa Rondônia, que foram empregados como pai. Os resultados demonstraram boa compatibilidade geral entre os clones pesquisados. Dois clones não puderam ser avaliados devido não apresentarem sincronismo de floração com os demais clones

An instrument for assessing primary students’ knowledge of information graphics in mathematics

Information graphics have become increasingly important in representing, organising and analysing information in a technological age. In classroom contexts, information graphics are typically associated with graphs, maps and number lines. However, all students need to become competent with the broad range of graphics that they will encounter in mathematical situations. This paper provides a rationale for creating a test to measure students’ knowledge of graphics. This instrument can be used in mass testing and individual (in-depth) situations. Our analysis of the utility of this instrument informs policy and practice. The results provide an appreciation of the relative difficulty of different information graphics; and provide the capacity to benchmark information about students’ knowledge of graphics. The implications for practice include the need to support the development of students’ knowledge of graphics, the existence of gender differences, the role of cross-curriculum applications in learning about graphics, and the need to explicate the links among graphics.

National numeracy tests : a graphic tells a thousand words

Mandatory numeracy tests have become commonplace in many countries, heralding a new era in school assessment. New forms of accountability and an increased emphasis on national and international standards (and benchmarks) have the potential to reshape mathematics curricula. It is noteworthy that the mathematics items used in these tests are rich in graphics. Many of the items, for example, require students to have an understanding of information graphics (e.g., maps, charts and graphs) in order to solve the tasks. This investigation classifies mathematics items in Australia’s inaugural national numeracy tests and considers the effect such standardised testing will have on practice. It is argued that the design of mathematics items are more likely to be a reliable indication of student performance if graphical, linguistic and contextual components are considered both in isolation and in integrated ways as essential elements of task design.

Primary students’ spatial visualization and spatial orientation : an evidence base for instruction

This paper reports on the performance of 58 11 to 12-year-olds on a spatial visualization task and a spatial orientation task. The students completed these tasks and explained their thinking during individual interviews. The qualitative data were analysed to inform pedagogical content knowledge for spatial activities. The study revealed that “matching” or “matching and eliminating” were the typical strategies that students employed on these spatial tasks. However, errors in making associations between parts of the same or different shapes were noted. Students also experienced general difficulties with visual memory and language use to explain their thinking. The students’ specific difficulties in spatial visualization related to obscured items, the perspective used, and the placement and orientation of shapes.

Gender effects in orientation on primary students’ performance on items rich in graphics

This study investigated the longitudinal performance of 378 students who completed mathematics items rich in graphics. Specifically, this study explored student performance across axis (e.g., numbers lines), opposed-position (e.g., line and column graphs) and circular (e.g., pie charts) items over a three-year period (ages 9-11 years). The results of the study revealed significant performance differences in the favour of boys on graphics items that were represented in horizontal and vertical displays. There were no gender differences on items that were represented in a circular manner.

Necessary skills and practices required for effective participation in high bandwidth design team activities

Technology is continually changing, and evolving, throughout the entire construction industry; and particularly in the design process. One of the principal manifestations of this is a move away from team working in a shared work space to team working in a virtual space, using increasingly sophisticated electronic media. Due to the significant operating differences when working in shared and virtual spaces adjustments to generic skills utilised by members is a necessity when moving between the two conditions. This paper reports an aspect of a CRC-CI research project based on research of ‘generic skills’ used by individuals and teams when engaging with high bandwidth information and communication technologies (ICT). It aligns with the project’s other two aspects of collaboration in virtual environments: ‘processes’ and ‘models’. The entire project focuses on the early stages of a project (i.e. design) in which models for the project are being developed and revised. The paper summarises the first stage of the research project which reviews literature to identify factors of virtual teaming which may affect team member skills. It concludes that design team participants require ‘appropriate skills’ to function efficiently and effectively, and that the introduction of high band-width technologies reinforces the need for skills mapping and measurement.

Infomercials and advertising effectiveness : an empirical study

Despite their increasing use by advertisers, little research has examined the effectiveness of infomercials. This study explores the influence of infomercial advertisement design elements, such as the use of customer testimonials or expert comments, and consumer characteristics, such as level of prior interest in the advertised product, upon perceptions of advertising effectiveness. With the assistance of the New Zealand division of an international infomercial marketer, we conducted a survey of consumers who had bought products in response to viewing an infomercial. Based on 878 respondents, our findings indicate that infomercial advertising is more effective when employing expert comments, testimonials, product demonstrations, the use of target market models, celebrity endorsers, product comparisons, and bonus offers. Age also impacted how consumers view infomercials, as did the type of product purchased.