贡嘎山麦吊杉(Plcea brachytyly)群落的结构研究

群落结构的确定是群落研究的基础。本文立足于个体、种群、群落三级水平，从空间和时间两种概念出发，对贡嘎山麦吊杉(Picea brachytyla)群落的结构进行了研究。经初步统计，在麦吊杉林分布的主要地段共有维管束植物93科、263属、约560种，其中种子植物71科、220属、479种。通过种子植物区系地理成份的分析表明，麦吊杉群落的区系组成具有区系成分复杂、特有现象明显和成分古老的特点。在生活型组成上，麦吊杉群落的高位芽植物所占比例最大，其中小高位芽植物最多，而在叶级谱中小叶类型占有较明显的优势。通过种—面积曲线和重要值—面积曲线两种方法求得的麦吊杉群落的最小面积在800-900平方米之间，实际应用时可选用1000平方米的保守面积。在物种的综合特征分析中，群落表现出优势种明显的特征，而存在度II占有最大的比例。物种多样性的研究表明，贡嘎山麦吊杉群落的Shannon-Wiener指数在2.33-3.26之间，Simpson指数在0.43-0.70之间，种间相遇(PIE)在0.42-0.79之间，而以Shannon-Wiener指数为基础的均匀度在34.45%-62.90%之间。麦吊杉群落的垂直结构较为复杂，分层明显。一般可划分出乔木层、灌木层、草本层和活地被层四个基本层次，乔木层通常还可划分为2-3个亚层，由高海拔至低海拔成层现象有逐渐复杂的趋势。构成麦吊杉群落的层片类型较多，其中以常绿针叶大高位芽植物为其建群层片。麦吊杉林中的层外植物较丰富，种子植物、蕨类植物、以及苔藓植物和地衣植物皆可构成其空中层片，其中苔藓植物生长繁茂，反映出群落结构的完整性。麦吊杉群落结构的水平分化较明显，经研究，其密度值在0.32-0.41之间，平均距离在1.56-1.41之间。应用Raunkiaer的频度指数方法对整个麦吊杉群落的种群频度进行调查后表明，其频度分布情况与Raunkiaer的频度定律基本上是符合的，即A>B> Chinensis)呈Poisson分布外，其余优势种多呈集群分布。在种间联结测定时，本文选用了联结系数方法对62种乔木和60种灌木的联结特征进行了测定，结果表明，该群落可以细划为四个结构组分，各组分都有其不同的种群生态组合。本文以立木级结构代替种群年龄结构，对麦吊杉种群的动态进行了分析，结合各种群存活曲线的分析，表明麦吊杉种群正界于相对稳定与衰退时期，由于补充率小于死亡率，衰退的趋势已明显表现出来。本文还从区系成分、生活型组成、生境特点、层片结构、结构分化等方面对麦吊杉群落的特点进行了分析和讨论，并对麦吊杉种群分布格局的成因进行了探讨。

Formation of Au nanoparticles in sapphire by using Ar ion implantation and thermal annealing

In this paper, we present results of the synthesis of gold nanoclusters in sapphire, using Ar ion implantation and annealing in air. Unlike the conventional method of Au implantation followed by thermal annealing, Au was deposited on the surface of m- and a- cut sapphire single crystal samples including those pre-implanted with Ar ions. Au atoms were brought into the substrate by subsequent implantation of Ar ions to form Au nanoparticles. Samples were finally annealed stepwisely in air at temperatures ranging from 400 to 800 C and then studied using UV–vis absorption spectrometry, transmission electron microscopy and Rutherford backscattered spectrometry. Evidence of the formation Au nanoparticles...

高速、大功率LED光源驱动电路设计

高速、大功率LED(≥3W)光源驱动电路是中子墙探测器光刻度系统的重要组成部分。本文简要介绍高速、大功率LED光源驱动电路的设计。该电路具有稳定性好、驱动脉冲前、后沿快,大电流脉冲输出等特点。内置信号源信号经过成形电路后,形成具有一定脉宽的快脉冲信号作为驱动信号,驱动信号上升时间tr<10 ns,下降时间tf<10 ns,其脉冲宽度分5档可调。该脉冲信号通过驱动电路控制输出电流开关,最大输出脉冲电流为800 mA,控制LED在额定功率下工作。该驱动电路最多可同时驱动六个大功率LED光源工作,目前已用于我所中子墙探测器阵列探测单元的初步刻度与测试。

Ga As核辐射探测器研制的初步结果

介绍了厚度为300-800μm,有效面积为50-113mm2的高阻GaAs单晶材料制备的核辐射GaAs探测器的研制工艺,测试结果。

聚乙烯醇缩醛膜阻气性能的研究

为了提高激光靶丸的阻气性能,用戊二醛对阻气层材料聚乙烯醇进行交联改性。在17份完全相同的10 mL质量分数3%的聚乙烯醇(PVA)和20μL浓盐酸混合溶液中,分别加入从300μL到1 700μL的戊二醛(GA),交联反应后,测量缩醛膜的阻气性能,并计算渗透系数。结果表明,随着缩醛膜中戊二醛含量的增加,缩醛膜渗透系数的变化规律是:从减小到增加到不变再到增加;当戊二醛的含量是800μL时,缩醛膜的渗透系数最小,阻气性能最好。

冷却储存环主环磁铁的准直测量

采用激光跟踪仪及配套带软件Insight对兰州重离子加速器冷却储存环主环磁铁进行了安装和准直。首先建立全局坐标系,用来确定从源体到实验环各子系统的理论原点的位置;而各个子系统又分别以各自的理论原点为基础建立局部坐标系,用来安装定位本系统内的各个元件;对各个子系统中的每一个元件还采用了元件坐标系。准直测量时,先在每块磁铁上焊接8个测量基准;然后对磁铁上的基准进行测量,以确定其在元件坐标系中的位置;再架设激光跟踪仪,测量主环控制网点,恢复主环局部坐标系,根据元件在主环局部坐标系中的位置及理论坐标,计算出相关的变换参数;转入元件坐标系,采用激光跟踪仪及Insight软件显示实时测量坐标及其与理论值之差,其精度达到0.15mm。

Factors that influence the extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from coal

IEECAS SKLLQG

白鹿原人工果树林地土壤和农耕地土壤微形态对比研究

IEECAS SKLLQG

秸秆露天焚烧排放的tsp等污染物清单

IEECAS SKLLQG

轴对称型BGO反康屏蔽探测器研制

着重报告了自行研制的轴向对称型BGO反康屏蔽探测器的基本结构、抑制原理及其抑制性能的测试结果。测得60Coγ射线源的康普顿抑制系数在能区100～300、300～800、800～1100keV范围内分别为2.3、4.1和4.6,且峰总比为37%(对相对效率为30%的HPGe探测器)。

Surface morphology of He-implanted single-crystalline silicon

Single-crystalline Si (100) samples were implanted with 30 keV He2+ ions to doses ranging from 2.0x10(16) to 2.0x10(17) ions/cm(2) and subsequently thermally annealed at 800 degrees C for 30min. The morphological change of the samples with the increase of implantation dose was investigated using atomic force microscopy (AFM). It was found that oblate-shaped blisters with an average height around 4.0nm were found on the 2.0 x 10(16) ions /cm(2) implanted sample surface; spherical-shaped blisters with an average height wound 10.0nm were found on the 5.0 x 10(16) ions/cm(2) implanted sample surface; strip-shaped and conical cracks were observed on the sample He-implanted to a dose of 1.0 X 10(17) ions /cm(2). Exfoliations occurred on the sample surface to a dose of 2.0 x10(17) ions /cm(2). Mechanisms underlying the surface change were discussed.

Probing the high density behavior of the symmetry energy by using the free neutron-proton ratio

Based on the isospin- and momentum-dependent transport model IBUU04, the transverse momentum distributions of the free neutron-proton ratio in the Sn-132+(124) Sn reaction system at mid-central collisions with beam energies of 400/A MeV, 600/A MeV and 800/A MeV are studied by using two different symmetry energies. It is found that the free neutron-proton ratio as a function of the transverse momentum at the mid-rapidity is very sensitive to the density dependency of the symmetry energy especially at incident energies around 400/AMeV.

Probing the high density behavior of the symmetry energy by using proton elliptic flow

Based on the isospin- and momentum-dependent transport model IBUU04, we calculated the reaction of the Sn-132+Sn-124 systems in semi-central collisions at beam energies of 400/A MeV, 600/A MeV and 800/A MeV by adopting two different density dependent symmetry energies. It was found that the proton differential elliptic flow as a function of transverse momentum is quite sensitive to the density dependence of symmetry energy, especially for the considered beam energy range. Therefore the proton differential elliptic flow may be considered as a robust probe for investigating the high density behavior of symmetry energy in intermediate energy heavy ion collisions.

Double neutron-proton differential transverse flow as a probe for the high density behavior of the nuclear symmetry energy

The double neutron-proton differential transverse flow taken from two reaction systems using different isotopes of the same element is studied at incident beam energies of 400 and 800 MeV/nucleon within the framework of an isospin- and momentum-dependent hadronic transport model IBUU04. The double differential flow is found to retain about the same sensitivity to the density dependence of the nuclear symmetry energy as the single differential flow in the more neutron-rich reaction. Because the double differential flow reduces significantly both the systematic errors and the influence of the Coulomb force, it is thus more effective probe for the high-density behavior of the nuclear symmetry energy.

Beam energy dependence of the pi(-)/pi(+) ratio

Using the isopin- and momentum-dependant hadronic transport model IBUU04, the effect of symmetry energy on the pi(-)/pi(+) ratio are studied. Our investigations are based on the calculations of the Sn-132+Sn-124 semi-central collisions at beam energies of 400/ A MwV, 600/ A MeV and 800MeV. It is found that both the transverse momentum and kinetic energy distributions of the pi(-)/pi(+) ratio are rather sensitive to the symmetry energy, especially around the Colomb peaks. The position of the coulomb peak is shown to be nearly indrpendant of beam energy. The sesitivity of the pi(-)/pi(+) ratio to the symmetry ebergy decreases as the beam energy increases from 600/ A MeV to 800/ A MeV.