El reclamo en el estante: materia para una reedición de la "Floresta de rimas antiguas castellanas" de Böhl de Faber (1821-1825)

Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech.

Eugenio de Ochoa (1815-1872). El hombre de letras en la España de Isabel II

El nombre de Eugenio de Ochoa siempre aparece en los libros sobre la cultura española del siglo XIX, aunque pocas veces con un papel protagonista. Su lugar en la historia de la literatura se halla asociado a otros personajes o a empresas periodísticas de importancia que son recordadas por los nombres de esos otros: El Artista, Federico Madrazo, Pedro Madrazo, Juan Eugenio Hartzenbusch, Victor Hugo, Balzac… Y así Ochoa es siempre el co-creador de una revista, el cuñado de, el amigo de, el traductor de, el editor de… Esta posición secundaria ha restado atractivo al estudio de un hombre que desempeñó un papel fundamental en la conexión de la cultura española con Europa, tanto por ser el vehículo por el que llegaron a España muchos autores contemporáneos como por llevar a cabo el recorrido contrario, mostrando al continente el patrimonio cultural nacional. Sin embargo, esa faceta de intermediario, y no la de literato, contemplada desde una perspectiva más centrada en el contexto y menos en el canon literario tradicional, ofrece unas posibilidades de análisis extremadamente interesantes. Además, la gran pluralidad de sus actividades le convirtió en su tiempo en un observador privilegiado de la realidad cultural y política del país. Ahí se halla el objetivo que ha guiado la realización de este trabajo. Por medio del estudio de su figura se ha pretendido llevar a cabo un análisis de la cultura española del siglo XIX, partiendo de un enfoque sociológico de la misma y prestando más atención a las prácticas en el campo literario que al contenido de la creación. Esa es la razón que explica que, metodológicamente, el trabajo se apoye en dos pilares, cada uno de los cuales sirve de soporte a las dos partes centrales del mismo: la reflexión acerca del “hombre de letras” en el reinado de Isabel II y el papel desempeñado por el mediador cultural en el proceso de transferencia de conocimientos e imágenes nacionales en la Europa del siglo XIX. Al comienzo de cada uno de estos bloques se realiza una reflexión más detallada sobre ambas líneas de análisis que, por supuesto, no son las únicas y no agotan el tema...

A misericórdia do Porto e os seus hospitais como centros de formação de cirurgiões (1639-1825)

Desde o início do século XVI que a Coroa portuguesa investiu na regulação das “artes da cura”, de formação académica mas também empírica, com o propósito de organizar um campo em completa desordem, de que resultavam “grandes perdas para o reino”. No entanto, a estrutura então criada assentou em entidades concorrenciais, com poderes sobrepostos e em permanente conflito, elementos determinantes para o estudo da construção das profissões de saúde no período moderno. Entre estas, o domínio era dos cirurgiões, que aprendiam pela prática quotidiana, às vezes em contexto hospitalar. O hospital administrado pela Misericórdia do Porto foi um dos principais centros formadores de cirurgiões a nível nacional, condição que, por sua vez, facilitava o acesso à carreira de examinador. Como se organizava o ensino da cirurgia no hospital da Misericórdia do Porto? Quem foram os seus professores e quantos alunos licenciaram? Que redes construíram e como as geriram? Serão estas algumas das questões a que se procurará dar resposta na presente comunicação. O trabalho a apresentar assume‑se como uma mera abordagem preliminar e exploratória a uma base de dados que reúne cerca de 20 mil licenças para o exercício de várias profissões de saúde, em Portugal e no Império, atribuídas e/ou reconhecidas por diferentes organismos da administração central entre os finais do século XV e 1825, ano em que, através das Escolas Medico‑Cirurgicas, se constituiu um novo paradigma de formação de cirurgiões. Basicamente serão testadas as relações entre o hospital e outras entidades com competências para examinar praticantes de cirurgia, perscrutando‑se a influência de possíveis círculos pessoais e profissionais bem como o seu raio de acção. O objectivo principal será o de procurar padrões de actuação e identificar tendências dominantes que permitam construir hipóteses de análise que possam ser aplicadas a todo o país.

La construcción nacional del territorio de Guatemala, 1825-1934

ResumenCon base en la interpretación de mapas antiguos y el análisis del discurso de los decretos dictados por diversos gobiernos guatemaltecos en materia de territorialidad, los autores avanzan algunas explicaciones para entender la fragmentación del territorio guatemalteco en numerosos departamentosAbstractReying of interpretation of old maps and discursive analysis of the decrees issued by various Guatemalan governments regalding territoriality, the authors put forth several explanations for the fragmentation of Guatemala's territory into numerous departments

Respostas fisiológicas de pirarucu ao probiótico Bacillus subtilis (Cohn 1872).

O uso de probióticos na alimentação dos peixes pode estimular o sistema imunológico e agir na prevenção de enfermidades. O presente estudo avaliou a fisiologia de pirarucu Arapaima gigas após alimentação por 30 dias com dietas enriquecidas com probiótico Bacillus subtilis em 3 níveis de inclusão: 0 (Controle); 0,02 (BS0,02%) e 0,05% (BS0,05%) (triplicata), sendo realizada biometria e coleta de amostras de sangue. Os grupos foram comparados entre si (P<0,05). O peso, comprimento e o índice hepatossomático (IHS) dos pirarucus BS0,05% foram menores que os do Controle. As análises hematológicas e bioquímicas indicaram que BS0,02% promoveu aumento do hematócrito e da albumina, com relação aos demais grupos; e diminuição da concentração de hemoglobina corpuscular média (CHCM) e da glicose plasmática com relação ao Controle. A hemoglobina corpuscular média (HCM) e atividade respiratória dos leucócitos do BS0,05% diminuíram com relação ao Controle. BS0,02% apresentaram redução do número de leucócitos, com relação ao Controle, que refletiu na diminuição de monócitos, neutrófilos, LG-PAS e eosinófilos. Assim, os níveis de B. subtilis avaliados não promoveram crescimento ou alterações fisiológicas nos pirarucus, que indiquem melhoria do seu sistema imune.

Curiosidades historiográficas: un hondureño le escribe a Marx en 1872

IntroducciónHace poco, un colega historiador, me hizo llegar una copia de una carta que su tutor de estudios en Barcelona, a su vez, pusiera en sus manos. La carta en cuestión es una de esas curiosidades histográficas que, en el trayecto de la labor de archivo, a veces, se tiene suerte de encontrar. en ocaciones, tales hallazgos pueden conducir a trabajos de excepcional importancia, como sucedió a Carlos Guinzburg en una comunidad.

Spectrometric and voltammetric studies of the interaction between quercetin and bovine serum albumin using warfarin as site marker with the aid of chemometrics

The interaction of quercetin, which is a bioflavonoid, with bovine serum albumin (BSA) was investigated under pseudo-physiological conditions by the application of UV–vis spectrometry, spectrofluorimetry and cyclic voltammetry (CV). These studies indicated a cooperative interaction between the quercetin–BSA complex and warfarin, which produced a ternary complex, quercetin–BSA–warfarin. It was found that both quercetin and warfarin were located in site I. However, the spectra of these three components overlapped and the chemometrics method – multivariate curve resolution-alternating least squares (MCR-ALS) was applied to resolve the spectra. The resolved spectra of quercetin–BSA and warfarin agreed well with their measured spectra, and importantly, the spectrum of the quercetin–BSA–warfarin complex was extracted. These results allowed the rationalization of the behaviour of the overlapping spectra. At lower concentrations ([warfarin] < 1 × 10−5 mol L−1), most of the site marker reacted with the quercetin–BSA, but free warfarin was present at higher concentrations. Interestingly, the ratio between quercetin–BSA and warfarin was found to be 1:2, suggesting a quercetin–BSA–(warfarin)2 complex, and the estimated equilibrium constant was 1.4 × 1011 M−2. The results suggest that at low concentrations, warfarin binds at the high-affinity sites (HAS), while low-affinity binding sites (LAS) are occupied at higher concentrations.

Members abroad - Australia - Brisbane and the Gold Coast

Brisbane's sub-tropical climate, vegetation and urban history as a British settlement, endow the region with many characteristics that are familiar in KwaZulu-Natal. Brisbane settlement, firstly as a penal conlony to accommodate the hardiest criminals dispatched from Sydney, was established in 1825 on a wide river, several kilometers upstream from Moreton Bay with the Pacific Ocean beyond. The penal colony was short lived and was soon opened up to free settlement in 1842. The growth of the fledgling town was characterized by brick warehouse and service buildings to the port that was established on its riverbanks, resembling those of the old Point Road area in Durban. Government and administration buildings heralded Brisbane as the captial city of the State of Queensland, annexed from New South Wales in 1859. Morphological studies reveal that Brisbane had reached its first zenith around 1930 as a commerical city of four and five storey buildings. The urban form remained stagnant until the post-1960's building boom and the developments from this period on, consolidated land amalgamations largely ignoring the urban characteristics of the established city. Public space was poorly observed, resulting in a city that had turned its back on the river. It is only in recent times that the currency of good urban design, under the custodial direction of the City Council, has fostered a re-engagemed urban realm that, enabled by the recent building boom, has delivered high quality urban environments

Reciprocity : where art meets the community : action research in response to artistic encounters and relationships

This practice-led research project examines some of the factors and issues facing artists working in the public domain who wish to engage with the community as audience. Using the methodology of action research, the three major creative projects in this study use art as a socio-political tool with the aim of providing an effective vehicle for broadening awareness, understanding forms of social protest and increasing tolerance for diversity. The three projects: Floodline November 7, 2004, Look in, Look out, and The Urban Terrorist Project, dealt with issues of marginalisation of communities, audiences and graffiti artists respectively. The artist/researcher is outlined as both creator and collaborator in the work. Processes included ephemeral elements, such as temporary installation and performance, as well as interactive elements that encouraged direct audience involvement as part of the work. In addition to the roles of creator and collaborator, both of which included audience as well as artist, the presence of an outside entity was evident. Whether local, legal authorities or prevailing attitudes, outside entities had an unavoidable impact on the processes and outcomes of the work. Each project elicited a range of responses from their respective audiences; however, the overarching concept of reciprocity was seen to be the crucial factor in conception, artistic methods and outcomes.

The core role of the nurse practitioner: practice, professionalism and clinical leadership.

AIM: To draw on empirical evidence to illustrate the core role of nurse practitioners in Australia and New Zealand. BACKGROUND: Enacted legislation provides for mutual recognition of qualifications, including nursing, between New Zealand and Australia. As the nurse practitioner role is relatively new in both countries, there is no consistency in role expectation and hence mutual recognition has not yet been applied to nurse practitioners. A study jointly commissioned by both countries' Regulatory Boards developed information on the core role of the nurse practitioner, to develop shared competency and educational standards. Reporting on this study's process and outcomes provides insights that are relevant both locally and internationally. METHOD: This interpretive study used multiple data sources, including published and grey literature, policy documents, nurse practitioner program curricula and interviews with 15 nurse practitioners from the two countries. Data were analysed according to the appropriate standard for each data type and included both deductive and inductive methods. The data were aggregated thematically according to patterns within and across the interview and material data. FINDINGS: The core role of the nurse practitioner was identified as having three components: dynamic practice, professional efficacy and clinical leadership. Nurse practitioner practice is dynamic and involves the application of high level clinical knowledge and skills in a wide range of contexts. The nurse practitioner demonstrates professional efficacy, enhanced by an extended range of autonomy that includes legislated privileges. The nurse practitioner is a clinical leader with a readiness and an obligation to advocate for their client base and their profession at the systems level of health care. CONCLUSION: A clearly articulated and research informed description of the core role of the nurse practitioner provides the basis for development of educational and practice competency standards. These research findings provide new perspectives to inform the international debate about this extended level of nursing practice. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: The findings from this research have the potential to achieve a standardised approach and internationally consistent nomenclature for the nurse practitioner role.

Androgen-regulated genes differentially modulated by the androgen receptor coactivator L-dopa decarboxylase in human prostate cancer cells

Background The androgen receptor is a ligand-induced transcriptional factor, which plays an important role in normal development of the prostate as well as in the progression of prostate cancer to a hormone refractory state. We previously reported the identification of a novel AR coactivator protein, L-dopa decarboxylase (DDC), which can act at the cytoplasmic level to enhance AR activity. We have also shown that DDC is a neuroendocrine (NE) marker of prostate cancer and that its expression is increased after hormone-ablation therapy and progression to androgen independence. In the present study, we generated tetracycline-inducible LNCaP-DDC prostate cancer stable cells to identify DDC downstream target genes by oligonucleotide microarray analysis. Results Comparison of induced DDC overexpressing cells versus non-induced control cell lines revealed a number of changes in the expression of androgen-regulated transcripts encoding proteins with a variety of molecular functions, including signal transduction, binding and catalytic activities. There were a total of 35 differentially expressed genes, 25 up-regulated and 10 down-regulated, in the DDC overexpressing cell line. In particular, we found a well-known androgen induced gene, TMEPAI, which wasup-regulated in DDC overexpressing cells, supporting its known co-activation function. In addition, DDC also further augmented the transcriptional repression function of AR for a subset of androgen-repressed genes. Changes in cellular gene transcription detected by microarray analysis were confirmed for selected genes by quantitative real-time RT-PCR. Conclusion Taken together, our results provide evidence for linking DDC action with AR signaling, which may be important for orchestrating molecular changes responsible for prostate cancer progression.

hSSB1 rapidly binds at the sites of DNA double-strand breaks and is required for the efficient recruitment of the MRN complex

hSSB1 is a newly discovered single-stranded DNA (ssDNA)-binding protein that is essential for efficient DNA double-strand break signalling through ATM. However, the mechanism by which hSSB1 functions to allow efficient signalling is unknown. Here, we show that hSSB1 is recruited rapidly to sites of double-strand DNA breaks (DSBs) in all interphase cells (G1, S and G2) independently of, CtIP, MDC1 and the MRN complex (Rad50, Mre11, NBS1). However expansion of hSSB1 from the DSB site requires the function of MRN. Strikingly, silencing of hSSB1 prevents foci formation as well as recruitment of MRN to sites of DSBs and leads to a subsequent defect in resection of DSBs as evident by defective RPA and ssDNA generation. Our data suggests that hSSB1 functions upstream of MRN to promote its recruitment at DSBs and is required for efficient resection of DSBs. These findings, together with previous work establish essential roles of hSSB1 in controlling ATM activation and activity, and subsequent DSB resection and homologous recombination (HR).