Oral cancer treatments and adherence: medication event monitoring system assessment for capecitabine

Background: Oncological treatments are traditionally administered via intravenous injection by qualified personnel. Oral formulas which are developing rapidly are preferred by patients and facilitate administration however they may increase non-adherence. In this study 4 common oral chemotherapeutics are given to 50 patients, who are still in the process of inclusion, divided into 4 groups. The aim is to evaluate adherence and offer these patients interdisciplinary support with the joint help of doctors and pharmacists. We present here the results for capecitabine. Materials and Methods: The final goal is to evaluate adhesion in 50 patients split into 4 groups according to oral treatments (letrozole/exemestane, imatinib/sunitinib, capecitabine and temozolomide) using persistence and quality of execution as parameters. These parameters are evaluated using a medication event monitoring system (MEMS®) in addition to routine oncological visits and semi-structured interviews. Patients were monitored for the entire duration of treatment up to a maximum of 1 year. Patient satisfaction was assessed at the end of the monitoring period using a standardized questionary. Results: Capecitabine group included 2 women and 8 men with a median age of 55 years (range: 36−77 years) monitored for an average duration of 100 days (range: 5-210 days). Persistence was 98% and quality of execution 95%. 5 patients underwent cyclic treatment (2 out of 3 weeks) and 5 patients continuous treatment. Toxicities higher than grade 1 were grade 2−3 hand-foot syndrome in 1 patient and grade 3 acute coronary syndrome in 1 patient both without impact on adherence. Patients were satisfied with the interviews undergone during the study (57% useful, 28% very useful, 15% useless) and successfully integrated the MEMS® in their daily lives (57% very easily, 43% easily) according to the results obtained by questionary at the end of the monitoring period. Conclusion: Persistence and quality of execution observed in our Capecitabine group of patients were excellent and better than expected compared to previously published studies. The interdisciplinary approach allowed us to better identify and help patients with toxicities to maintain adherence. Overall patients were satisfied with the global interdisciplinary follow-up. With longer follow up better evaluation of our method and its impact will be possible. Interpretation of the results of patients in the other groups of this ongoing trial will provide us information for a more detailed analysis.

Vicens i Vives: els bons reis castellans i els remences

Dins l'obra de Jaume Vicens Vives les pàgines dedicades a l'època medieval ocupen un lloc destacat. Ben especialment els seus estudis sobre el rei Ferran el Catòlic i el conflicte remença, a qui va dedicar bona part de la seva activitat investigadora. Els seus llibres i articles sobre el tema son el resultat d'una recerca exhaustiva als arxius, bàsicament reials i municipals. Això és especialment cert pel cas de la seva fonamental 'Historia de los remensas (en el siglo XV)', editada l'any 1945, acompanyada d'abundant aparell crític i transcripcions de documents en notes a peu de página

Choc neurogénique [Neurogenic shock].

The neurogenic shock is a common complication of spinal cord injury, especially when localized at the cervical level. Characterized by a vasoplegia (hypotension) and bradycardia, the neurogenic shock is secondary to the damage of the sympathetic nervous system. The clinical presentation often includes tetraplegia, with or without respiratory failure. Early treatment aims to minimize the occurrence of secondary spinal cord lesions resulting from systemic ischemic injuries. Medical management consists in a standardized ABCDE approach, in order to stabilize vital functions and immobilize the spine. The hospital care includes performing imaging, further measures of neuro-resuscitation, and coordinated surgical assessment and treatment of any other injury.

Helical tomotherapy (HT) for the treatment of anal canal cancer: preliminary clinical results, and dosimetric comparison between HT and intensity-modulated or 3D conformal radiotherapy

Background: To report a single-center experience in 19 patients (pts) with anal canal cancer treated with helical tomotherapy (HT) and concurrent chemotherapy, and compare the dosimetric results with fixed-field intensitymodulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and 3D conformal radiotherapy (3D RT). Materials and Methods: Between 2007 and 2008, 19 consecutive pts were treated with HT and concurrent CT for anal canal cancer. Median age was 59 years (range, 38−83), and female/male ratio was 14/5. The majority of the pts had T2 or T3 tumours (68.4%), and 52.6% had positive lymph nodes. In all 19 pts, pelvic and inguinal nodes, and tumour irradiation was given using HT upto a median dose of 36 Gy (1.8 Gy/fr) followed by a 1-week gap. A boost dose of 23.4 Gy (1.8 Gy/fr) was delivered to the tumour and involved nodes using 3DRT (n = 12), HT (n = 6), or IMRT (n = 1). Simultaneous integrated boost was used in none of the pts. All but one patient with a T1N0 tumour received concomitant mitomycin/5- fluorouracil (n = 12) or mitomycin/capecitabin (n = 7) CT. Toxicity was scored according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (NCICTCAE v3.0). HT plans and treatments were generated using Tomotherapy, Inc., software and hardware; and 3D or IMRT boost plans with the CMS treatment planning system (TPS), using 6−18 MV photons from a Siemens Primus accelerator. For dosimetric comparison, computed tomography data sets of 10 pts were imported into the TPS, and 3D and 5-field step-andshoot IMRT plans were generated for each case. Plans were optimized with the aim of assessing organs at risk (OAR) and healthy-tissue sparing while enforcing highly conformal target coverage, and evaluated by dose-volume histograms (DVH) of planning target volumes (PTV) and OAR. Results: With a median follow-up of 13 months (range, 3−18), all pts are alive and well; except one patient developing local recurrence at 12 months. No patient developed grade 3 or more acute toxicity. No unplanned treatment interruption was necessary because of toxicity. With 360-degree-of-freedom beam projection, HT showed an advantage over 3D or IMRT plans in terms of dose conformity around the PTV, and dose gradients were steeper outside the PTV, resulting in reduced doses to OARs. Using HT, acute toxicity was acceptable, and seemed to be better than historical standards. Conclusion: We conclude that HT combined with concurrent chemotherapy for anal canal cancer is effective and tolerable. Compared to 3DRT or 5-field IMRT, there is better conformity around the PTV, and OAR sparing.

Algunes observacions sobre pintures gironines d’època barroca de temàtica santnarcisiana

Descripció de les pintures que hi ha a la capella de Sant Narcís de l’església de Sant Feliu de Girona, què són d’època barroca. L’article s’escriu després d’una restauració de la capella, què dóna més lluminositat a les pintures. En el context de monogràfic dedicat a Sant Narcís

El municipi de Barcelona i les parròquies del seu entorn al segle XIV

L'articulació política del pla de Barcelona en l'època medieval es va basar en l'existència de dos territoris: d'una banda, una gran àrea que va coincidir amb la plana entre les desembocadures del Llobregat i del Besòs, on les autoritats locals exerciren alguna funció de control judicial. D'altra banda, un territori molt més petit, anomenat Hort i Vinyet (Parròquia de Sants i Sarrià Sant Martí Provençals), on la jurisdicció civil i penal del Consell de Cent era absoluta. L'objectiu d'aquest treball és mostrar, en primer lloc, que el territori anomenat Hort i Vinyet no existia i, d'altra banda, que l'extens territori no era subjecte a la jurisdicció municipal

Els primers historiadors de la ciutat: Jeroni Pau i Dionís Jeroni Jorba

Text de la conferència pronunciada per Mariàngela Vilallonga on es fa un repàs biogràfic dels historiadors Jeroni Pau i Dionís Jeroni Jorba, així com de la seva obra, és a dir, els primers textos que tenien a Barcelona com a matèria d’estudi

La bérylliose chronique, une pathologie sous-diagnostiquée: état des lieux en Suisse

Introduction.- La bérylliose chronique est une granulomatose pulmonaire pour laquelle le diagnostic est rarement posé en raison d'une méconnaissance du risque d'exposition professionnelle au béryllium.En outre, le tableau clinique, les signes radiologiques et les symptômes ressemblent a` une sarcoïdose. Ainsi, la fréquence de la maladie est probablement sous-estimée malgré l'utilisation de béryllium dans la fabrication de nombreux produits industriels et techniques en Suisse, tels que ressorts, prothèses dentaires, micro-électronique... Comme aide au diagnostic, un test de prolifération lymphocytaire au béryllium (BeLPT) a été développé pour évaluer la réponse immunocellulaire spécifique au béryllium. Mais celui-ci présente des inconvénients : utilisation de produits radioactifs, variabilité interlaboratoire importante, valeur prédictive contesteé. L'utilisation de l'Elispot, évaluant également la réponse lymphocytaire pourrait être une alternative au BeLPT. Objectifs.- Les objectifs de l'étude sont, d'une part, de déceler parmi les cas de sarcoïdose du registre SIOLD (Swiss Group for Interstitial and Orphan Lung Diseases) des cas de bérylliose sous-diagnostiqués et, d'autre part, d'améliorer les tests de de´pistage (questionnaire et test immunologique) de sensibilisation et de diagnostic. Méthode.- Cent soixante autoquestionnaires évaluant l'exposition professionnelle au béryllium ont été adressés à des patients référencés dans le registre SIOLD, souffrant de sarcoïdose. Les patients relatant dans l'autoquestionnaire un contact professionnel avec le béryllium ont bénéficié d'une visite médicale à l'Institut universitaire romand de santé au travail (IST) comportant une anamnèse professionnelle, un questionnaire spécifique à l'exposition au béryllium (questionnaire de Cherry) et une prise de sang. Par la suite, le sang a été analysé par Elispot pour évaluer la possibilité d'une sensibilisation au béryllium. En parallèle, des patients déjà diagnostiqués pour une bérylliose par un BeLPT ont servi de cas contrôle positifs pour la mise en place du test. Résultats.- Cinquante pour cents des autoquestionnaires adressés aux patients du registre SIOLD ont été renvoyés. Parmi ceux-ci, 33 %(26 personnes) rapportaient une exposition professionnelle possible au béryllium et ont été reçus a` l'IST pour compléter l'anamnèse professionnelle et répondre au questionnaire adapté de Cherry. Il ressort de ce questionnaire que 3 personnes ont effectivement travaillé avec du béryllium au cours de leur carrière professionnelle et que 4 ont potentiellement été exposées dans le contexte de leur environnement professionnel. Tous les patients ont été testés par Elispot, mais aucun n'a montré de prolifération évoquant une sensibilisation au béryllium. Des résultats supplémentaires devraient être disponibles dès février. Conclusion.- Au vu de ces résultats où seules 7 personnes sur les 80 ayant répondu au questionnaire (8 %) sont suspectées d'avoir été exposées directement ou indirectement au béryllium au cours de leur activité professionnelle, il est possible que le risque d'exposition au béryllium soit anecdotique, malgré une utilisation importante de ce métal dans certaines régions de Suisse. Une hypothèse envisageable est que la population de l'étude ne soit pas représentative de la population exposée. En outre, le fait que les tests lymphocytaires effectués sur les 7 personnes ayant rapporté une exposition au béryllium soient revenus négatifs peut être expliqué de 2 manières : soit que chez ces personnes, la maladie pulmonaire n'est pas due au béryllium, même si l'anamnèse professionnelle est positive et qu'il s'agit bien d'une sarcoïdose, soit que la prise de corticoïdes modifie la réponse immunitaire, soit que le test n'est pas suffisamment sensible.

Long-term follow-up of follicular lymphoma (FL) patients receiving single agent rituximab at two different schedules in trial SAKK 35/98

Background: In FL, Rituximab as a single agent delivered in the standard schedule (4 times weekly) may induce a response rate of 50−70% with an event-free survival (EFS) of 1−3 years according to patients' characteristics. Prolonged Rituximab exposure seems to improve EFS at least in responding patients and to increase the rate of longterm responders. Here we report long-term results of a clinical trial comparing single agent Rituximab delivered in the standard schedule versus prolonged exposure, with focus on the proportion of long-term responders and their characteristics. Material and Methods: Between 1998 and 2002, chemotherapy na¨ıve (n = 64) or pre-treated (n = 138) FL patients received Rituximab in the standard schedule. Those responding or with stable disease were randomized to no further treatment (observation, n = 78) or 4 additional doses of Rituximab given at 2-month intervals (prolonged exposure, n = 73). EFS was calculated from the first dose of standard schedule until progression, relapse, second tumor or death. Results: At a median follow up of 9.4 years and with all living patients having been followed for at least 5 years, the median EFS is 13 months for the observation and 24 months for the prolonged exposure arm (p = 0.0007). In the observation arm 13% had no event at 5-years and only 4% at 8 years, while in the prolonged exposure arm it was 27% at 5 years and remained 21% at 8 years. The only significant prognostic factor for EFS in a multivariate Cox regression was the prolonged Rituximab schedule (hazard ratio 0.58, CI 0.39−0.86, p = 0.007), whereas being chemotherapy na¨ıve, presenting with stage

The influence of sentinel lymph node tumour burden on additional lymph node involvement and disease-free survival in cutaneous melanoma: a retrospective analysis of 392 cases

Twenty per cent of sentinel lymph node (SLN)-positive melanoma patients have positive non-SLN lymph nodes in completion lymph node dissection (CLND). We investigated SLN tumour load, non-sentinel positivity and disease-free survival (DFS) to assess whether certain patients could be spared CLND. Sentinel lymph node biopsy was performed on 392 patients between 1999 and 2005. Median observation period was 38.8 months. Sentinel lymph node tumour load did not predict non-SLN positivity: 30.8% of patients with SLN macrometastases (> or =2 mm) and 16.4% with micrometastases (< or =2 mm) had non-SLN positivity (P=0.09). Tumour recurrences after positive SLNs were more than twice as frequent for SLN macrometastases (51.3%) than for micrometastases (24.6%) (P=0.005). For patients with SLN micrometastases, the DFS analysis was worse (P=0.003) when comparing those with positive non-SLNs (60% recurrences) to those without (17.6% recurrences). This difference did not translate into significant differences in DFS: patients with SLN micrometastasis, either with (P=0.022) or without additional positive non-SLNs (P<0.0001), fared worse than patients with tumour-free SLNs. The 2-mm cutoff for SLN tumour load accurately predicts differences in DFS. Non-SLN positivity in CLND, however, cannot be predicted. Therefore, contrary to other studies, no recommendations concerning discontinuation of CLND based on SLN tumour load can be deduced.

Cost-effectiveness of the implementation of an enhanced recovery protocol for colorectal surgery.

BACKGROUND: Enhanced recovery protocols may reduce postoperative complications and length of hospital stay. However, the implementation of these protocols requires time and financial investment. This study evaluated the cost-effectiveness of enhanced recovery implementation. METHODS: The first 50 consecutive patients treated during implementation of an enhanced recovery programme were compared with 50 consecutive patients treated in the year before its introduction. The enhanced recovery protocol principally implemented preoperative counselling, reduced preoperative fasting, preoperative carbohydrate loading, avoidance of premedication, optimized fluid balance, standardized postoperative analgesia, use of a no-drain policy, as well as early nutrition and mobilization. Length of stay, readmissions and complications within 30 days were compared. A cost-minimization analysis was performed. RESULTS: Hospital stay was significantly shorter in the enhanced recovery group: median 7 (interquartile range 5-12) versus 10 (7-18) days (P = 0·003); two patients were readmitted in each group. The rate of severe complications was lower in the enhanced recovery group (12 versus 20 per cent), but there was no difference in overall morbidity. The mean saving per patient in the enhanced recovery group was euro1651. CONCLUSION: Enhanced recovery is cost-effective, with savings evident even in the initial implementation period.