El concepto de cultura desde la mirada antropológica : Experiencia de trabajo en un curso introductorio universitario

El presente trabajo se enmarca en experiencias áulicas del Módulo de Antropología del Curso Introductorio de la Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, UNLP, durante los años 2011 y 2012. El concepto antropológico de cultura constituye uno de los contenidos trabajados durante las clases. Se lo concibe como un eje vertebrador de la Antropología como disciplina científica. En este sentido, los objetivos del presente trabajo incluyen: 1) la discusión del abordaje particular dado a este concepto durante las clases y; 2) la reflexión acerca de los aportes, tanto de la inclusión del concepto de cultura como de una perspectiva antropológica a las prácticas interdisciplinarias. Utilizando al aula-taller como estrategia didáctica, durante las clases se tomaron como punto de partida los significados del sentido común del término "cultura", que los y las estudiantes manejan cotidianamente. Estos fueron contrastados con el significado disciplinar del término, destacándolo como una herramienta teórica clave para abordar el estudio del fenómeno humano. De esta manera se buscó generar una ruptura epistemológica con el sentido común del concepto de cultura, en pos de complejizar la mirada sobre el mundo social del cual formamos parte. A partir de las diferentes actividades de evaluación incluidas en la propuesta áulica del módulo fue posible valorar parcialmente los objetivos propuestos

Major oxides, trace elements and rare earth elements of selected basalt samples at DSDP Hole 83-504B

DSDP Hole 504B is the deepest section drilled into oceanic basement, penetrating through a 571.5-m lava pile and a 209-m transition zone of lavas and dikes into 295 m of a sheeted dike complex. To define the basement composition 194 samples of least altered basalts, representing all lithologic units, were analyzed for their major and 26 trace elements. As is evident from the alteration-sensitive indicators H2O+, CO2, S, K, Mn, Zn, Cu, and the iron oxidation ratio, all rocks recovered are chemically altered to some extent. Downhole variation in these parameters enables us to distinguish five depth-related alteration zones that closely correlate with changes in alteration mineralogy. Alteration in the uppermost basement portion is characterized by pronounced K-uptake, sulfur loss, and iron oxidation and clearly demonstrates low-temperature seawater interaction. A very spectacular type of alteration is confined to the depth range from 910 to 1059 m below seafloor (BSF). Rocks from this basement portion exhibit the lowest iron oxidation, the highest H2O+ contents, and a considerable enrichment in Mn, S, Zn, and Cu. At the top of this zone a stockwork-like sulfide mineralization occurs. The chemical data suggest that this basement portion was at one time within a hydrothermal upflow zone. The steep gradient in alteration chemistry above this zone and the ore precipitation are interpreted as the result of mixing of the upflowing hydrothermal fluids with lower-temperature solutions circulating in the lava pile. Despite the chemical alteration the primary composition and variation of the rocks can be reliably established. All data demonstrate that the pillow lavas and the dikes are remarkably uniform and display almost the same range of variation. A general characteristic of the rocks that classify as olivine tholeiites is their high MgO contents (up to 10.5 wt.%) and their low K abundances (-200 ppm). According to their mg-values, which range from 0.60 to 0.74, most basalts appear to have undergone some high-level crystal fractionation. Despite the overall similarity in composition, there are two major basalt groups that have significantly different abundances and ratios of incompatible elements at similar mg-values. The majority of the basalts from the pillow lava and dike sections are chemically closely related, and most probably represent differentiation products of a common parental magma. They are low in Na2O, TiO2, and P2O5, and very low in the more hygromagmaphile elements. Interdigitated with this basalt group is a very rarely occurring basalt that is higher in Na2O, TiO2, P2O5, much less depleted in hygromagmaphile elements, and similar to normal mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB). The latter is restricted to Lithologic Units 5 and 36 of the pillow lava section and Lithologic Unit 83 of the dike section. The two basalt groups cannot be related by differentiation processes but have to be regarded as products of two different parental magmas. The compositional uniformity of the majority of the basalts suggests that the magma chamber beneath the Costa Rica Rift reached nearly steady-state conditions. However, the presence of lavas and dikes that crystallized from a different parental magma requires the existence of a separate conduit-magma chamber system for these melts. Occasionally mixing between the two magma types appears to have occurred. The chemical characteristics of the two magma types imply some heterogeneity in the mantle source underlying the Costa Rica Rift. The predominant magma type represents an extremely depleted source, whereas the rare magma type presumably originated from regions of less depleted mantle material (relict or affected by metasomatism).

Major and trace element abundances of igneous rocks from DSDP Site 37-334

REE abundances in gabbros and peridotites from Site 334 of DSDP Leg 37 show that these rocks are cumulates produced by fractional crystallization of a primitive oceanic tholeiite magma. They may be part of a layered oceanic complex. The REE distributions in the residual liquids left after such a fractionation are similar to those of incompatible element-depleted oceanic tholeiites. The REE data indicate that the basalts which overlie the gabbro-peridotite complex, are not genetically related to plutonic rocks.

Chemical composition, characteristics and age of glauconites at DSDP Leg 66 Holes

During the analysis of "glaucony" recovered during Leg 66, off Mexico, we reviewed the data on previously studied glaucony layers in active margin areas. We found the depth of Leg 66 glaucony sediments to be significantly greater than conventionally assumed appropriate to their genesis (100-500 m). Accordingly, we hypothesize their occurrence at unusual depth to be due to (1) transport of shallow sediments and redeposition at greater depths, (2) margin subsidence, or (3) genesis at greater depth than is generally assumed. For the area off Mexico, we reject (1). (2) has already been verified in Japan and is possible as an explanation for the present phenomenon without excluding (3), which we investigate in this chapter.

Participaciones de Sarduy en la prensa revolucionaria : Una entrevista fuera de lugar a Mariano Rodríguez

Entre 1956 y 1961 Severo Sarduy publicó una importante cantidad de textos sobre literatura, plástica y teatro cubano en el Diario Libre, Lunes de Revolución, Nueva Revista Cubana, Mañana libre y Combate 13 de Marzo. Participó de la explosión que caracterizó a la prensa literaria cubana a partir de la Revolución y se inscribió en las filas de los intelectuales que trabajaron en favor de ella. Entregado a sus labores de periodista plástico, un muy joven Sarduy entrevista al famoso pintor Mariano Rodríguez (1912-1990), co-fundador junto al escultor Alfredo Lozano (1913-1997) y a los escritores José Lezama Lima (1910-1976) y José Rodríguez Feo (1920-1993) de la revista Orígenes. Esta entrevista fue publicada en La Habana el 12 de octubre de 1959 y en ella se exponen juicios estéticos y políticos sobre el régimen de visibilidad cultural del arte cubano en el nuevo orden social. Cabe destacar que, a pesar de la ruptura que se produjo entre los editores de Orígenes, Mariano Rodríguez se convirtió en el creador del "Eolo" que sirvió de ícono a la postrera revista Ciclón (1955). Por lo tanto, presentamos un recorrido por dicha entrevista profundizando el breve pero significativo vínculo-desencuentro sucedido entre ambos