Design and Construction Procedures for Concrete Overlay and Widening of Existing Pavements, September 2005

State Highway Departments and local street and road agencies are currently faced with aging highway systems and a need to extend the life of some of the pavements. The agency engineer should have the opportunity to explore the use of multiple surface types in the selection of a preferred rehabilitation strategy. This study was designed to look at the portland cement concrete overlay alternative and especially the design of overlays for existing composite (portland cement and asphaltic cement concrete) pavements. Existing design procedures for portland cement concrete overlays deal primarily with an existing asphaltic concrete pavement with an underlying granular base or stabilized base. This study reviewed those design methods and moved to the development of a design for overlays of composite pavements. It deals directly with existing portland cement concrete pavements that have been overlaid with successive asphaltic concrete overlays and are in need of another overlay due to poor performance of the existing surface. The results of this study provide the engineer with a way to use existing deflection technology coupled with materials testing and a combination of existing overlay design methods to determine the design thickness of the portland cement concrete overlay. The design methodology provides guidance for the engineer, from the evaluation of the existing pavement condition through the construction of the overlay. It also provides a structural analysis of various joint and widening patterns on the performance of such designs. This work provides the engineer with a portland cement concrete overlay solution to composite pavements or conventional asphaltic concrete pavements that are in need of surface rehabilitation.

Utility Cut Repair Techniques— Investigation of Improved Cut Repair Techniques to Reduce Settlement in Repaired Areas, December 2005

Pavement settlement occurring in and around utility cuts is a common problem, resulting in uneven pavement surfaces, annoyance to drivers, and ultimately, further maintenance. A survey of municipal authorities and field and laboratory investigations were conducted to identify the factors contributing to the settlement of utility cut restorations in pavement sections. Survey responses were received from seven cities across Iowa and indicate that utility cut restorations often last less than two years. Observations made during site inspections showed that backfill material varies from one city to another, backfill lift thickness often exceeds 12 inches, and the backfill material is often placed at bulking moisture contents with no Quality control/Quality Assurance. Laboratory investigation of the backfill materials indicate that at the field moisture contents encountered, the backfill materials have collapse potentials up to 35%. Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD) deflection data and elevation shots indicate that the maximum deflection in the pavement occurs in the area around the utility cut restoration. The FWD data indicate a zone of influence around the perimeter of the restoration extending two to three feet beyond the trench perimeter. The research team proposes moisture control, the use of 65% relative density in a granular fill, and removing and compacting the native material near the ground surface around the trench. Test sections with geogrid reinforcement were also incorporated. The performance of inspected and proposed utility cuts needs to be monitored for at least two more years.

Rehabilitation of Concrete Pavements Utilizing Rebblization and Crack and Seat Methods, June 2005

Deterioration in portland cement concrete (PCC) pavements can occur due to distresses caused by a combination of traffic loads and weather conditions. Hot mix asphalt (HMA) overlay is the most commonly used rehabilitation technique for such deteriorated PCC pavements. However, the performance of these HMA overlaid pavements is hindered due to the occurrence of reflective cracking, resulting in significant reduction of pavement serviceability. Various fractured slab techniques, including rubblization, crack and seat, and break and seat are used to minimize reflective cracking by reducing the slab action. However, the design of structural overlay thickness for cracked and seated and rubblized pavements is difficult as the resulting structure is neither a “true” rigid pavement nor a “true” flexible pavement. Existing design methodologies use the empirical procedures based on the AASHO Road Test conducted in 1961. But, the AASHO Road Test did not employ any fractured slab technique, and there are numerous limitations associated with extrapolating its results to HMA overlay thickness design for fractured PCC pavements. The main objective of this project is to develop a mechanistic-empirical (ME) design approach for the HMA overlay thickness design for fractured PCC pavements. In this design procedure, failure criteria such as the tensile strain at the bottom of HMA layer and the vertical compressive strain on the surface of subgrade are used to consider HMA fatigue and subgrade rutting, respectively. The developed ME design system is also implemented in a Visual Basic computer program. A partial validation of the design method with reference to an instrumented trial project (IA-141, Polk County) in Iowa is provided in this report. Tensile strain values at the bottom of the HMA layer collected from the FWD testing at this project site are in agreement with the results obtained from the developed computer program.

Watershed Improvement Review Board Annual Report, 2005

The Iowa Watershed Improvement Review Board was created by the Iowa Legislature and signed into law by the Governor in 2005 as Senate File 200. This statute is now codified in Iowa Code Chapter 466A. The fifteen-member board was appointed with the initial meeting being held August 22, 2005. Subsequent Board meetings were held October 10, December 2, and December 19. Attachment 1 lists the board members and their organization affiliation. The Board created a five-member subcommittee to develop and submit to the Board the Request for Applications (RFA) documents and procedural guidelines. These RFA documents were approved as modified on October 10, 2005.

Decatur County, Independent Auditor's Reports, Basic Financial Statements and Supplementary Information, Schedule of Findings, June 30, 2005

County Audit Report

Madison County, Independent Auditor's Reports, Basic Financial Statements and Supplementary Information, Schedule of Findings, June 30, 2005

County Audit Report

Jasper County, Independent Auditor's Reports, Basic Financial Statements and Supplementary Information, Schedule of Findings and Questioned Costs, June 30, 2005

County Audit Report

Des Moines County, Independent Auditor's Reports, Basic Financial Statements and Supplementary Information, Schedule of Findings and Questioned Costs, June 30, 2005

County Audit Report

Lee County, Independent Auditor's Reports, Basic Financial Statements and Supplementary Information, Schedule of Findings and Questioned Costs, June 30, 2005

County Audit Report

Dallas County, Independent Auditor's Reports, Basic Financial Statements and Supplementary Information, Schedule of Findings and Questioned Costs, June 30, 2005

County Audit Report

Taylor County, Independent Auditor's Reports, Basic Financial Statements and Supplementary Information, Schedule of Findings, June 30, 2005

County Audit Report

Guthrie County, Independent Auditor's Reports, Basic Financial Statements and Supplementary Information, Schedule of Findings and Questioned Costs, June 30, 2005

County Audit Report

Audubon County, Independent Auditor's Reports, Basic Financial Statements and Supplementary Information, Schedule of Findings and Questioned Costs, June 30, 2005

County Audit Report

Appanoose County, Independent Auditor's Reports, Basic Financial Statements and Supplementary Information, Schedule of Findings and Questioned Costs, June 30, 2005

County Audit Report

Aproximación discursiva a la escritura académica de odontología: estructura retórica y estrategias de atenuación en casos clínicos publicados en revistas hispanoamericanas (1999-2005)

Pese a ser un género discursivo importante en el ámbito académico y en el profesionalbiomédico, el caso clínico ha sido muy poco estudiado en español. En Medicina, resaltanlos estudios sobre atenuación y crítica retórica de Salager-Meyer y su equipo. EnOdontología, en cambio, no encontramos investigaciones sobre este género, pese a serpublicado, presentado en congresos y utilizado en las facultades de Odontología para la enseñanza de las distintas especialidades. En vista de esto, realizamos el presente trabajo, de carácter descriptivo y exploratorio, empleando un enfoque metodológico cualitativocuantitativo.Tiene un doble propósito: por un lado, identificar y analizar algunos rasgosretóricos y discursivos del caso clínico y las secciones retóricas que lo constituyen; por el otro, describir y analizar las estrategias de atenuación utilizadas.Seleccionamos al azar un corpus de 40 casos clínicos publicados entre 1999 y 2005 de entre las publicaciones odontológicas hispanoamericanas disponibles en las bases de datos más consultadas y de mayor aceptación en el ámbito odontológico. Empleamos el análisis de género para el estudio de las secciones y movimientos retóricos. Asimismo, identificamoslas estrategias de atenuación empleadas en las secciones retóricas por medio de un análisis textual. En ambos casos, consideramos el contexto y el testimonio de informantes especialistas. Para el análisis de los atenuantes, en cambio, utilizamos cinco categorías, adaptadas de estudios previos: construcciones impersonales, aproximadores, escudos, deícticos temporales y atenuantes compuestos.Los resultados muestran que predomina la siguiente estructura: introducción, presentación del caso, discusión/conclusión, siendo la segunda la sección distintiva. Identificamos 20 movimientos: 5 en la introducción, 8 en la presentación del caso y 7 en la discusión/conclusión. Prevalecen las secuencias de tipo narrativo y descriptivo en todas las secciones. Además, hay muy pocas citas, aparecen esencialmente en la introducción y en la discusión. En relación con el segundo objetivo, encontramos abundantes y variadasestrategias de atenuación, usadas con frecuencias muy similares en las tres secciones retóricas. Predominaron las construcciones impersonales, los aproximadores y los escudos –entre éstos últimos resalta el modal epistémico “poder”-, usados para expresar honestidad, variabilidad, imposibilidad de precisión y varios niveles de certidumbre de lasproposiciones. Los deícticos y los atenuantes compuestos se emplean principalmente en la introducción y la discusión, para enfatizar la provisionalidad del saber científico odontológico y para proyectar falta de compromiso con la verdad de la proposición expresada.Se concluye que, pese a la variabilidad retórica discursiva, el caso clínico constituye un género discursivo particular, de tipo descriptivo, narrativo y atenuado. La alta frecuencia de atenuación puede estar relacionada con la posición de los autores en la comunidad científica, con las características del género y su función comunicativa.El caso clínico es un género importante para las distintas sub-especialidades ontológicas;por lo tanto, los resultados tienen aplicaciones didácticas para la educación de odontólogos.Incorporar el estudio de este género al currículum de Odontología permitiría al estudiantado desarrollar las competencias para producir, comprender y publicar este género, lo cual puede favorecer su incorporación a la comunidad científica.