Point-of-sale machines in school cafeterias and parental influence on child food choices

The prevalence of obesity has reached epidemic proportions in the United States. Twenty-five percent of school aged students are overweight. Schools have the opportunity to help slow this epidemic. School cafeterias in the United States feed millions of students every day through the National School Lunch Program.^ Point-of-sale machines are used in most school cafeterias to help streamline the process of purchasing school lunches. The point-of-sale software allows school personnel to place special notes on student's accounts to provide alerts about parental requests. This study investigated what the alerts are used for, who uses the alerts, and if there are any patterns by demographic characteristics. ^ Counts and percentages were used to determine what the alerts were used for and who used them. This study found that students who were white non-Hispanic, paid status, or in elementary school were most likely to have alerts placed on their accounts. Also, the majority of point-of-sale alerts were used as allowances (i.e., allowed to purchase snacks from the balance on the school lunch account), rather than restrictions (i.e., restricted from purchasing high calorie foods or specific food items). Using chi-square analysis, a total of 688 alerts were analyzed. There were significant differences in alert frequencies for intent category by grade level (p=0.000), snack access (p=0.000), and gender (p=0.002). Therefore, the results are significant, and one can conclude there is a significant relationship between gender, grade level, and snack access, and the presence of an alert on the school lunch account.^ Also, school administrators may want to take into consideration possible changes to their program, such as requiring more time to run the software. The results of this study can assist school administrators to better understand that a point-of-sale alert program may help their school lunch programs run more efficiently, while also providing parental influence on students’ food choices at the point-of-sale.^ School food service authorities should consider implementing a structured point-of-sale alert policy to encourage parental input on their children's food choices. When implementing the point-of-sale policy, schools should publicize this policy online, through school lunch menus, and parent communications increase participation throughout the school district.^

Determining the feasibility and acceptability of a garden-based nutrition curriculum for preschoolers

Obesity rates around the nation have risen to epidemic proportions. Rates of childhood obesity are at very high levels with 24.4% of preschool-aged children in the U.S. currently considered as overweight or obese. The percentage of childhood obesity is much higher in the southern part of the United States as compared to the rest of the nation. Minority populations, especially African American and Hispanic, are affected more than other ethnic groups. Obesity prevention programs are needed targeting young children <6 years of age from minority populations. Currently, there are few obesity prevention programs that have been implemented and evaluated in children <6 years of age. Gardening programs have been successful in improving the health status of elementary school children by increasing fruit and vegetable intake and increasing preferences for healthier food choices. However, there is no evidence of the feasibility and acceptability of a garden-based obesity prevention program among preschoolers. This pretest study, a classroom-based gardening curriculum program with 16 lesson plans and coordinating activities for preschool age children (3-5 years old) enrolled in Head Start, provides the opportunity to address this need. The study included 103 preschoolers from two centers and 9 teachers or teachers' aides. Qualitative data on feasibility and acceptability was collected from process evaluation forms of individual lesson plans and focus groups with teachers. Teacher questionnaires assessed individual teacher characteristics and provided feedback regarding the curriculum. Quantitative measures of teachers' self-efficacy, attitudes, and knowledge pertaining to nutrition were analyzed from pre and post-test surveys. Results revealed this preschool garden-based nutrition curriculum was both feasible and acceptable. The program improved teacher's self-efficacy, knowledge, and attitudes about nutrition, with teacher's confidence in ability to teach a gardening curriculum increasing from a mean score of 2.14 to 3.00 from pre to post test (P value = 0.0046). These results indicate implementing garden-based nutrition lessons within preschools is achievable. Employing garden-based nutrition lessons in the classroom is the first step in teaching children about nutrition and gardening concepts. Constructing gardening beds for more hands-on learning is the next proposed step in the larger parent study of this program.^

Associations between teacher support and students' fruit and vegetable consumption in low-income elementary schools in central Texas

Background. Similar to parent support in the home environment, teacher support at school may positively influence children's fruit and vegetable (FV) consumption. This study assessed the relationship between teacher support for FV consumption and the FV intake of 4th and 5th grade students in low-income elementary schools in central Texas. Methods. A secondary analysis was performed on baseline data collected from 496 parent-child dyads during the Marathon Kids study carried out by the Michael & Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living at the University of Texas School of Public Health. A hierarchical linear regression analysis adjusting for key demographic variables, parent support, and home FV availability was conducted. In addition, separate linear regression models stratified by quartiles of home FV availability were conducted to assess the relationship between teacher support and FV intake by level of home FV availability. Results. Teacher support was not significantly related to students' FV intake (p = .44). However, the interaction of teacher support and home FV availability was positively associated with students' FV consumption (p < .05). For students in the lowest quartile of home FV availability, teacher support accounted for approximately 6% of the FV intake variance (p = .02). For higher levels of FV availability, teacher support and FV intake were not related. Conclusions. For lower income elementary school-aged children with low FV availability at home, greater teacher support may lead to modest increases in FV consumption.^

Las prescripciones curriculares y los procesos de programación de la enseñanza : Analizando algunas relaciones

El presente trabajo se enmarca en el Proyecto de Investigación denominado "Programación de la enseñanza en la escuela primaria: discursos y prácticas", aprobado en el Programa de Incentivos a la Investigación (H588). Nos interesa presentar en esta oportunidad un estado de avance de una línea de indagación que venimos desarrollando dentro del mencionado proyecto, referida a lo que en términos generales podríamos denominar las prescripciones curriculares. Es decir, nuestro interés está focalizado en analizar las prescripciones curriculares que se configuran y el carácter que a las mismas se les asigna en los diferentes niveles de concreción o especificación curricular. La programación de la enseñanza que estudiamos en nuestra investigación, entendida como un proceso progresivo de concreción de las intencionalidades educativas, puede ser analizada desde diferentes perspectivas. A los fines de esta presentación, priorizamos aquella que busca contextualizar las propuestas de clase de los maestros de la escuela primaria en el Diseño Curricular y en los Materiales de Desarrollo Curricular, prestándole atención a las prescripciones que se generan desde lo curricular y a la particular relectura que los docentes hacen de dichas prescripciones

Escuela, migrantes internos y comunidad barrial en Rosario. Cultura y socialización en la segunda mitad del siglo XX

Esta es una tesis situada en el campo de estudios interdisciplinario de las Ciencias de la Educación, la Historia y la Psicología Social, por lo que es denominada como un estudio acerca de la educación, y su historia psicosocial. La identidad es un concepto sumamente prolífico a la hora de pensar las problemáticas educativas en claves históricas y psicosociales. Si a esto se le agrega la interacción con los cánones escolares, se alcanza un campo rico y fértil para ser investigado. A partir de ahí, la investigación se propone por objetivo general, producir un conocimiento explicativo en torno a la configuración de identidad y el impacto producido por los cánones culturales de la escuela en la herencia cultural de las poblaciones migratorias. A los fines de situar empíricamente el objeto, la dimensión espacial elegida, ha sido una comunidad de la ciudad de Rosario, Santa Fe. El barrio Belgrano y, en particular, la escuela No 91 República Federativa de Brasil, que es la oferta educativa estatal de nivel primario vinculada al mismo. Se desarrollan elementos analíticos que hacen a la configuración socio-histórica (segunda mitad del siglo XX) y educativa del barrio Belgrano. Se trabajan categorías que involucran a la identidad barrial, su historia, la transmisión del legado cultural y el sentido de pertenencia de los sujetos que viven e interactúan en él. Se parte de las siguientes hipótesis: los migrantes internos se incorporan a la comunidad local escapando de las necesidades económicas de su lugar de origen No obstante, una vez asentados los migrantes toman como propias las representaciones adquiridas confluyendo con las referidas a la pertenencia barrial. Si la escuela pretende que la identidad de los migrantes sea absorbida como una adaptación pasiva al canon cultural, esta fracasa en aquellos aspectos que hacen al legado cultural, aunque continúe con la reproducción de ciertos aspectos de la homogeneización y de las diferencias sociales. La metodología cualitativa se ajusta a las pretensiones establecidas. El análisis de entrevistas, documentos, y datos censales es utilizado siendo triangulados los datos para una mejor precisión de la información referida. Consecuentemente, se efectúa el examen del impacto de los movimientos migratorios interprovinciales e internos de la ciudad que conllevan a poblar y a extender el tejido social del barrio y sus alcances en la transmisión del legado cultural en la escuela. Los resultados ponen en evidencia que el arbitrario cultural dominante, a través de sus propios cánones, no que lineal ni se apoderó totalmente de toda la escuela No. 91. Al tener un sentido de pertenencia e identificación suprema con el barrio, no habría reproducido totalmente y sin cuestionamientos el canon cultural dominante. Implícitamente y quizá espontáneamente, las prácticas reprodujeron el mandato del discurso del conjunto social, amalgamado con los aprendizajes socialmente significativos del legado de la comunidad. Por último, hacia fines de los noventa, la vida cotidiana barrial se torna altamente fragmentada e individualizada sin expectativas de configurar un proyecto común. Estas características también se observaron en la práctica docente: la pérdida en el tiempo, del sentido histórico, que ocasiona un resquebrajamiento en los vínculos sociales.