Income distribution in the United States, by size.

Mode of access: Internet.

Poor rural households, technical change and income distribution in developing countries : insights from Asia /

Research supported by contract no. AID/ta-C-01327.

A key to the birds of Australia and Tasmania with their geographical distribution in Australia,

Mode of access: Internet.

Poison-ivy and poison-sumac; their growth habits and variations, including distribution in Canada, Mexico, Central America, and the United States, with special reference to Illinois.

Bibliography: p. 35-36.

Naselenie Rossii po piatoĭ revizii : Podushnai͡a podat v XVIII vi͡eki͡e i statistika naselenii͡a v kontsi͡e XVIII vi͡eka. [The population of Russia according to the fifth census. Poll tax in the 18th century and statistics of population distribution in the 18th century] ...

At head of title: V. E. Den.

Freshwater runoff and salinity distribution in the Loxahatchee River Estuary, southeastern Florida, 1980-82 /

Bibliography: p. 35-36.

Organization for water distribution in the Portland area;

Mode of access: Internet.

The beta distribution in reliability and quality control /

Bibliography: leaves 41-43.

The role of semantic context and attentional resource distribution in semantic comprehension in Swedish pre-schoolers

Research on semantic processing focused mainly on isolated units in language, which does not reflect the complexity of language. In order to understand how semantic information is processed in a wider context, the first goal of this thesis was to determine whether Swedish pre-school children are able to comprehend semantic context and if that context is semantically built up over time. The second goal was to investigate how the brain distributes attentional resources by means of brain activation amplitude and processing type. Swedish preschool children were tested in a dichotic listening task with longer children’s narratives. The development of event-related potential N400 component and its amplitude were used to investigate both goals. The decrease of the N400 in the attended and unattended channel indicated semantic comprehension and that semantic context was built up over time. The attended stimulus received more resources, processed the stimuli in more of a top-down manner and displayed prominent N400 amplitude in contrast to the unattended stimulus. The N400 and the late positivity were more complex than expected since endings of utterances longer than nine words were not accounted for. More research on wider linguistic context is needed in order to understand how the human brain comprehends natural language. 

Long chain alkyl diol distribution in Arabian Sea surface sediments

Oxygen exposure has a large impact on lipid biomarker preservation in surface sediments and may affect the application of organic proxies used for reconstructing past environmental conditions. To determine its effect on long chain alkyl diol and keto-ol based proxies, the distributions of these lipids was studied in nine surface sediments from the Murray Ridge in the Arabian Sea obtained from varying water depths (900 to 3000 m) but in close lateral proximity and, therefore, likely receiving a similar particle flux. Due to substantial differences in bottom water oxygen concentration (<3 to 77 µmol/L) and sedimentation rate, substantial differences exist in the time the biomarker lipids are exposed to oxygen in the sediment. Long chain alkyl diol and keto-ol concentrations in the surface sediments (0-0.5 cm) decreased progressively with increasing oxygen exposure time, suggesting increased oxic degradation. The 1,15-keto-ol/diol ratio (DOXI) increased slightly with oxygen exposure time as diols had apparently slightly higher degradation rates than keto-ols. The ratio of 1,14- vs. 1,13- or 1,15-diols, used as upwelling proxies, did not show substantial changes. However, the C30 1,15-diol exhibited a slightly higher degradation rate than C28 and C30 1,13-diols, and thus the Long chain Diol Index (LDI), used as sea surface temperature proxy, showed a negative correlation with the maximum residence time in the oxic zone of the sediment, resulting in ca. 2-3.5 °C change, when translated to temperature. The UK'37 index did not show significant changes with increasing oxygen exposure. This suggests that oxic degradation may affect temperature reconstructions using the LDI in oxic settings and where oxygen concentrations have varied substantially over time.

Computing Hydraulic Conductivity from Borehole Infiltration Tests and Grain-Size Distribution in Advance Glacial Outwash Deposits, Puget Lowland, Washington

This study evaluates two methods for estimating a soilís hydraulic conductivity: in-situ infiltration tests and grain-size analyses. There are numerous formulas in the literature that relate hydraulic conductivity to various parameters of the infiltrating medium, but studies have shown that these formulas do not perform well when applied to depositional environments that differ from those used to derive the formulas. Thus, there exists a need to specialize infiltration tests and related grain-size analyses for the Vashon advance outwash in the Puget Lowland. I evaluated 134 infiltration tests and 119 soil samples to find a correlation between grain-size parameters and hydraulic conductivity. This work shows that a constant-head borehole infiltration test that accounts for capillarity with alpha approximately 5m^-1 is an effective method for calculating hydraulic conductivity from our flow tests. Then, by conducting grain-size analysis and applying a multiple linear regression, I show that the hydraulic conductivity can also be estimated by log(K) = 1.906 + 0.102D_10 + 0.039D_60 - 0.034D_90 - 7.952F_fines. This result predicts the infiltration rate with a 95% confidence interval of 20 ft/day. The results of study are for application in the Puget Lowland.

An investigation of contaminant distribution in subsurface marine wood waste at Mill-A South Terminal, Port of Everett, Washington

This project investigates the correlation between contaminants and the wood waste present in marine sediments off the shore of the Port of Everett in the former Weyerhaeuser Mill-A pulp mill site. The investigation includes the results of two field studies, which tested contaminant levels in 22 boreholes as well as several surface samples. The contaminants include heavy metals and wood waste byproducts. These results, along with 14 other bore logs, provide the framework for a three-dimensional site model, interpolating the full extent of the depositional units and organic and inorganic chemicals found at Mill-A. The sediments of interest are divided into five depositional units defined by the percent wood content and type of wood: native material (<5% wood), intermediate (<30% wood), sawdust (<30% wood), woodchips (<30% wood), and poorly sorted sands with silt (SM-SP) (0% wood). The contaminants include arsenic, 2,4-dimethylphenol, and total organic carbon. Three-dimensional modeling software, RockWorks, interpolated the discrete borehole data of sediment and contaminants assuming horizontal continuity between sampling locations. The sediment distribution was calculated within concentration ranges for each contaminant of concern. The lowest detection limits, the screening levels, and the cleanup levels defined these ranges. Total organic carbon served as a proxy to estimate the quantity of wood waste in the sediment. As a known byproduct of wood decomposition, 2,4-dimethylphenol was expected to be more prevalent in the depositional units with more wood waste. Finally, arsenic was a proxy for other contaminants to determine if contaminants at Mill-A are dominant in sediments with high percentages of wood waste. The volumetric distribution established that high levels of total organic carbon are present in the sediment with higher percentages of wood waste. This correlation was stronger in the decomposing sawdust-rich sediment than the woodchip-rich sediment. The 2,4-dimethylphenol concentrations above cleanup standards were dominant in the sawdust-rich, intermediate and native sediments. Concentrations of 2,4-dimethylphenol below cleanup levels characterized the native sediment. The distribution of arsenic showed no statistically significant correlation to wood content in sediment. These results do not support the hypothesis of contaminant-rich wood waste, as many of the high concentrations of contaminants were not in the wood-rich sediments. This suggests that the contaminants are more distributed among all depositional units at Mill-A rather than focused within sediments with a high percent of wood waste. Understanding the distribution of potentially toxic compounds with wood waste is important for restoring the Puget Sound waterways to a more habitable environment. Future studies should include new data to validate these results and to limit the uncertainty of the extent of contaminants. Future studies may also find motive in looking for a correlation between contaminants and grain size based on previous studies linking these characteristics. These investigations will benefit the current cleanup effort as well as future cleanup efforts at similarly contaminated waterways.

Environmental controls on zooplankton composition and distribution in Muchalat Inlet, Nootka Sound, B.C., Canada

Senior thesis written for Oceanography 445

Ion-trapping, microsomal binding, and unbound drug distribution in the hepatic retention of basic drugs

This study investigated the relative contribution of ion-trapping, microsomal binding, and distribution of unbound drug as determinants in the hepatic retention of basic drugs in the isolated perfused rat liver. The ionophore monensin was used to abolish the vesicular proton gradient and thus allow an estimation of ion-trapping by acidic hepatic vesicles of cationic drugs. In vitro microsomal studies were used to independently estimate microsomal binding and metabolism. Hepatic vesicular ion-trapping, intrinsic elimination clearance, permeability-surface area product, and intracellular binding were derived using a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model. Modeling showed that the ion-trapping was significantly lower after monensin treatment for atenolol and propranolol, but not for antipyrine. However, no changes induced by monensin treatment were observed in intrinsic clearance, permeability, or binding for the three model drugs. Monensin did not affect binding or metabolic activity in vitro for the drugs. The observed ion-trapping was similar to theoretical values estimated using the pHs and fractional volumes of the acidic vesicles and the pK(a) values of drugs. Lipophilicity and pK(a) determined hepatic drug retention: a drug with low pK(a) and low lipophilicity (e.g., antipyrine) distributes as unbound drug, a drug with high pK(a) and low lipophilicity (e.g., atenolol) by ion-trapping, and a drug with a high pK(a) and high lipophilicity (e.g., propranolol) is retained by ion-trapping and intracellular binding. In conclusion, monensin inhibits the ion-trapping of high pK(a) basic drugs, leading to a reduction in hepatic retention but with no effect on hepatic drug extraction.

Histopathology and fibrillin-1 distribution in severe early onset Marfan syndrome

Marfan syndrome (MFS) is an autosomal dominant condition which may involve the cardiovascular, ocular, skeletal, and other systems. Mutations causing MFS are found in the FBN1 gene, encoding fibrillin-1, an extracellular matrix protein involved in microfibril formation. In the most severe cases, mutations are generally found in exons 24-32, and children with these mutations usually die in the first years of life, of cardiopulmonary failure. We present clinical, molecular and histopathological studies on a patient with severe early onset MFS. He has a mutation in exon 25 of FBN1, a G > A transition at nucleotide position 3131 that converts the codon TGC, coding for cysteine at position 1044, to TAC, coding for tyrosine (C1044Y). This has resulted in abnormalities of the extracellular matrix and a severe clinical phenotype, although he has survived to the age of 14 years. (c) 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.