Condição corpórea e flutuação assimétrica com biomarcadores morfológicos dos efeitos da fragmentação em três espécies de morcegos frugívoros (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Efeitos do antidepressivo cloridrato de fluoxetina na integridade histológica dos túbulos seminíferos de ratos adultos

A fluoxetina, pertencente à classe dos inibidores da recaptação seletiva de serotonina, é um dos antidepressivos mais amplamente prescritos para o tratamento da depressão e de transtornos da ansiedade, como o transtorno obsessivo compulsivo. Considerando que, dentre os efeitos colaterais causados pela fluoxetina, têm sido relatados distúrbios na função sexual masculina, foi proposto avaliar a ação deste fármaco sobre a integridade morfológica dos túbulos seminíferos. Foram utilizados 16 ratos adultos, distribuídos em 2 grupos: grupo fluoxetina (GF) e grupo controle (GC). Os animais do GF receberam injeções intraperitoneais de fluoxetina (20mg/Kg) e os animais do GC receberam água destilada. O tratamento se estendeu por 11 dias consecutivos e, ao final do tratamento, foram obtidos os pesos corpóreo e testicular dos animais. Os testículos foram fixados e processados para inclusão em historesina e parafina. Nos cortes de historesina, as frequências de túbulos de acordo com o estágio do ciclo do epitélio seminífero e de túbulos seminíferos contendo células descamadas preenchendo a luz tubular foram obtidas, bem como os seguintes parâmetros morfométricos: área tubular total, área da luz tubular e área do epitélio seminífero. Os cortes em parafina foram submetidos ao método do TUNEL para detecção de morte celular. Os níveis séricos de testosterona também foram avaliados. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise estatística para avaliação das diferenças entre os grupos. O tratamento com fluoxetina causou redução significante do peso corpóreo dos animais e redução, embora não significante, do peso testicular absoluto. Além disso, uma redução significante nos níveis séricos de testosterona foi observada nos animais do GF. Os túbulos seminíferos apresentaram contorno irregular, depleção celular e intensa desorganização epitelial, bem como a presença de vacúolos e ...

Imagem corporal de pessoas com deficiência física: atletas e não atletas

Imagem corporal é um construto multifacetado que une desde a percepção até as atitudes das pessoas sobre seu próprio corpo e compreende o conceito que cada pessoa tem de seu corpo e a sua representação mental. A deficiência física e a construção negativa da imagem corporal pode fazer com que o auto-conceito do indivíduo também fique negativo, ampliando valores estigmatizantes, preconceituosos e que reforçam sentimentos de inferioridade, baixa auto-estima, exclusão social e depressão. A prática regular de exercício físico além de propiciar a reabilitação oferece benefícios para a saúde com vantagens fisiológicas (e.g. prevenção e redução de efeitos de doenças como diabetes, hipertensão, cardiopatia e osteoporose) e vantagens psico-sociais (e.g. redução de estresse, melhora na auto-estima e imagem corporal). A imagem corporal freqüentemente está associada com atitudes alimentares uma vez que distorções na imagem podem ser sintomas de distúrbios alimentares. O presente estudo teve o objetivo de verificar se distúrbios alimentares e alterações na imagem corporal tem relação com a prática esportiva por pessoas com deficiência física. Foram avaliados 22 atletas praticantes de basquete sobre rodas (32 ± 9 anos) e 22 deficientes físicos não atletas (35 ± 11 anos). A avaliação de atitudes alimentares foi realizada pelo Teste de Atitudes Alimentares (EAT 26 - Eating Attitude Test. Garner e Garfinkel, 1979) e avaliação da imagem corporal foi realizada pelo Questionário de Imagem Corporal (BSQ – Body Shape Questionnaire. Cooper et al, 1987) e pelo Questionário sobre Deficiência Física e Estima Corporal (PDBEQ – George Taleporos et al, 2002). Os resultados apontaram menor distúrbio da imagem corporal, porém com ausência de problemas alimentares para os participantes atletas praticantes de basquete... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

Avaliação da atividade ansiolítica e antidepressiva do óleo essencial da Citrus aurantium L. administrado por via inalatória em camundongos

A investigação de plantas medicinais é indispensável na busca de novas substâncias com potencial atividade ansiolítica e antidepressiva, visto que a ansiedade e depressão estão entre os distúrbios do sistema nervoso central (SNC) mais relevantes dentre os problemas de saúde mundial. Tais plantas são fontes de óleos essenciais (OE) que frequentemente são utilizados na aromaterapia, pois fornecem substâncias voláteis capazes de curar e prevenir doenças por meio da inalação. Esta prática já se mostrou efetiva sobre o SNC, trazendo benefícios terapêuticos a pacientes que não respondiam bem aos tratamentos convencionais. Uma espécie vegetal cujo OE possui atividade sobre o SNC é o Citrus aurantium L. (laranja amarga), espécie do gênero que mostrou atividade ansiolítica quando utilizado na aromatização de ambiente na sala de espera de um consultório dentário. Aqui avaliamos o potencial efeito ansiolítico e antidepressivo do OE de Citrus aurantium L por via inalatória em camundongos, por meio da resposta comportamental em modelos experimentais de ansiedade, o Labirinto em Cruz Elevado, e de depressão, o Teste do Nado Forçado. Com esta avaliação, o OE não foi efetivo por via inalatória em nenhuma das concentrações testadas (0,5%, 1,0% e 2,5%), tanto para ansiedade quanto para depressão. No entanto, este resultado não exclui a possibilidade de obtenção de tais efeitos se alterada a concentração de OE

Avaliação preliminar dos efeitos de Brassica campestris sobre a obesidade induzida por dieta hipercalórica

Obesity along with overweight has been considered one of the most serious public health problems in the world, especially because they are the main risk factors for many chronic diseases such as coronary heart disease, type II diabetes mellitus, hypertension and some types of tumors, which are associated with high mortality rates. The use of functional foods and appropriate diets to promote health has grown as a mechanism for prevention, control and treatment of chronic diseases such as obesity. Several ethnopharmacological studies indicate plants species for the treatment of disorders associated with obesity with a major attraction of this regimen is perceived as safer and more effective for health than the traditional treatment with appetite suppressants. Whereas both food intake and the oral treatment with different compounds can cause changes in gene expression and that a proper diet has been valuable as a mechanism for maintaining the body's vital functions, the objective of this project was to evaluate the effects of standardized extract of Brassica campestris L. in the decrease in weight and food intake control. In vivo trials of this product were conducted and studies of its effects on energy metabolism in non-obese mice and with obesity induced by hypercaloric diet. After induction of obesity by 8 weeks, animals were treated for 21 days with the extract orally. After 21 days the animals were killed and the effects of this product were evaluated on the daily feed intake and on body weight. According to the results obtained, the extract of Brassica campestris was not effective in reducing body weight of obese animals, and did not reduce food intake

Atividade física e sintomas depressivos em cuidadores de idosos com demência de Alzheimer

The Alzheimer's dementia (AD) is a chronic, neurodegenerative and progressive disorder, characterized by cognitive decline, affecting brain functions like memory, reasoning and communication, occurrence of behavioral disturbances and difficulty in performing activities of daily living (ADLs). These conditions lead to patient’s dependence, which can cause depressive symptoms in caregivers, due to physical and mental burden caused by of the difficulties of the act of caring. Whereupon, it became necessary to find strategies to improve the caregivers’ quality of life. An interesting hypothesis is that physical activity can be considered a non-pharmacological alternative in reducing depressive symptoms, being an important factor for maintaining the physical and mental well-being of the general population, especially on positive changes in mood and social interaction. This study aimed to analyze the effects of a physical activity protocol on depressive symptoms and burden of caregivers of patients with AD. This experimental study, of longitudinal character, comprised a sample of 19 caregivers, of both genders, divided into two groups: a) intervention group – IG (10 caregivers who participated in a physical activity protocol) and b) control group – CG (9 caregivers who didn’t participate in the physical activity protocol). This protocol, which worked the components of functional ability and social interaction of participants, was held three times a week, being 48 sessions of 60 minutes each, for 16 weeks. Data collect was performed at pre and post-intervention for both groups. The assessment instruments used were: a) Zarit Burden Interview, b) Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD) and c) battery of motor tests of the American Alliance for Health Physical Education Recreation and Dance (AAHPERD). Nonparametric statistics was used, with intra-group comparison by Wilcoxon test... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Síndrome urêmica em cães com doença renal crônica

Uremic syndrome, arising from kidney malfunction, consists of a set of systemic changes caused by the accumulation of toxic substances to the body. Since, with the advance of medicine, the animals lived more reaching advanced age and entering thus on track of senility, chronic renal disease, became a common complaint in the routine of the ambulatory. This high rate of morbidity generates an increased need for clarification of pathophysiology involved in this disease. The components of the uremic syndrome include water and sodium imbalance, anemia, intolerance to carbohydrate, neurological disorders, disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, osteoarthritis, immunological incompetence and metabolic acidosis. The clinical manifestations occur in isolation or in combination. In most cases canines patients are subject to an assessment when the kidney disease has evolved to the final stage with uremic syndrome and installed already, under these conditions, the prognosis is reserved

Dinâmica da vegetação de uma floresta paludosa no município de Rio Claro - SP

Swamp forests, are laid down in the lowlands, with almost permanent presence of water on the soil surface and generally occupy portions fairly flat. In 2003 a phytosociological survey was conducted of the tree and shrub component of a swamp forest established on a steep slope in Rio Claro - SP, through the use of 45 permanent plots of 10 mx 10 m (0.45 ha) divided into three blocks: 1, 2 and 3. The present study aimed to review these plots and discuss the dynamics of vegetation in the swamp forest in question period of eight years. Altogether 1529 individuals were found alive, belonging to 29 families and 47 species. It can be observed that there was a decrease of one family (Flacourtiaceae) and two species (Xylosma tweediana, Inga marginata) in relation to 2003. In general there was a loss not only in number of individuals, but basal area and species diversity. The Block 1 was the only one to show a positive balance in terms of numbers of individuals (2.75%); in Block 2, there was little variation (1.72%) which is negative; whereas Block 3 had the largest decrease, 19.18%. The mortality rate (2.74% / year) for the community remained higher than the recruitment (1.81% / year). There was a decrease (3.19%) of total basal area of the sample relative to 2003, with the highest relative dominance by Calophyllum brasiliense. The decline in diversity of species could be evidenced by the Shannon index, which was 2.0 nats.individual-1 and evenness of 0.52. The most important species (IVI) were Euterpe edulis, Calophyllum brasiliense and Magnolia ovata, together accounting for 59% of IVI community. High mortality and low recruitment rates indicate disturbances in the community, some factors such as proximity to roads, the different soil types associated with a high rate of water saturation and the declivity are crucial to the balance within the community

Freqüência do parvovírus suíno em fetos mumificados, abortados e natimortos detectado através da reação em cadeia pela polimerase (PCR)

Porcine parvovirus (PPV) is associated with reproductive failure and it has been found worldwide, including Brazil. Many diagnostic procedures are used for its detection, for example, immunofluorescence, HA, HI and PCR and this is an important technique because it is very specific and sensitive. In this work, the presence of PPV in fetuses from swine farms with reproductive problems was detected by PCR. All of 170 samples from aborted fetuses, mummies or stillborns were sampled by PCR with primers designed to VP2 region of PPV and c-myc (endogenous control). Only 142 samples (83,53%) were positive for c-myc and among them six samples (4,22%) were positive for PPV which were tested in HA. In this test, erythrocytes suspension 1% was used and three samples (50%) agglutinated but they presented low titer (4). For this work, porcine parvovirus was detected in the samples analyzed by PCR and HA. It is important to emphasize the use of endogenous control when material with elevated degree of autolysis is examined

Avaliação preliminar dos efeitos de Coffea arabica sobre a obesidade induzida por dieta hipercalórica

Obesity along with overweight, has been considered one of the most serious public health problems in the world, especially because they are the main risk factors for many chronic diseases, such as coronary heart disease, type II diabetes mellitus, hypertension and some types of tumors, which are associated with high mortality rates. The use of functional foods and appropriate diets to call health promotion has grown as a mechanism for prevention, control and treatment of chronic diseases such as obesity. Several ethnopharmacological studies indicate plant species for the treatment of disorders associated with obesity with a major attraction of this regimen is perceived as safer and more effective health than the traditional treatment with appetite suppressants. This work aims to develop and standardize models of biological assays in stress and obesity, also aims to evaluate the effect of oil green beans of Coffea arabica in the regulation of body weight and energy balance in mice. To this end, trials were made in vivo studies of this product and their effects on energy metabolism in non-obese mice with obesity induced by hypercaloric diet. After induction of obesity by 8 weeks, animals were treated for 21 days with the extracts orally. After 21 days the animals were killed to evaluate the effects of these products on daily feed intake and on body weight. The group treated with the oil of Coffea arabica L. showed significant weight loss and feed intake high. According to the results, we conclude that the standardized extract of Coffea arabica L. decreased body weight without restriction or decrease the amount of food ingested

Doenças relacionadas ao trabalho e sua relação com diferentes tipos de personalidade

Com a revolução industrial e tecnológica, o trabalho braçal foi e vem sendo substituído por máquinas e equipamentos eletrônicos, na intenção de poupar o ser humano e diminuir gastos e despesas com salários e aumento da produtividade. Devido a esses fatores, o trabalho tornou-se repetitivo, o que possibilitou o aparecimento de doenças como a L.E.R./D.O.R.T.. Esse contexto despertou o interesse na realização desta pesquisa, cujo objetivo é relacionar essas patologias e suas incidências à personalidade das pessoas através de um sistema denominado Eneagrama. Por meio de uma revisão de literatura nas áreas de Ginástica Laboral, L.E.R./D.O.R.T. e Eneagrama, foi possível obter informações que levou à analisar que os Tipos do Eneagrama 1 (Perfeccionista), 3 (Bem Sucedido), 8(Confrontador) e 9 (Preservacionista), apresentam alta probabilidade de incidência de L.E.R./D.O.R.T.. Os Tipos 4 (Romântico), 5 (Observador), 6 (Questionador) e 7 (Sonhador), apresentam baixa probabilidade de incidência. Enquanto que o Tipo 2 (Prestativo) é neutro quanto ao resultado. Concluindo assim, que o aparecimento dessas doenças pode estar relacionado a um ou mais tipos específicos de personalidade, e que aplicando esse sistema nas empresas, acompanhado da realização da Ginástica Laboral, podemos contribuir na diminuição de casos como esses.

Desenvolvimento e avaliação das atividades antioxidante e despigmentante in vitro de emulsões múltiplas a/o/a contendo dipalmitato kójico

Currently, there has been a growing concern for men and women with the appearance of the face and body, driven primarily by aesthetic standards set by the media. For this, the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries have conducted numerous research projects aiming at the development of formulations that mitigate the aging and some skin disorders such as hipercromies. One of the most frequent pathologies of skin is melasma, a manifestation of hyperpigmentation caused by hipermelanogenesis symmetrical and progressive, caused usually by hormonal irregularities, exposure to sunlight and genetic factors. In addition to sunscreen, the treatment is indicated the use of depigmenting substances, among them the kojic dipalmitate (DK), which is cleaved into kojic acid (5- hydroxy-2-hydroxy-methyl-4H-piran-4-one) by esterase after absorption by the skin cells. The kojic acid inhibits the action of tyrosinase as a chelator of ions and promotes the reduction of eumelanin and its precursor monomer. To promote a controlled release and improve the stability of the system, the DK can be incorporated into multiple emulsions, that is, complex systems composed of two emulsifications, where the two types of emulsions (W/O and O/W or O/W and W/O) exist simultaneously, forming emulsions of type W/O/W or O/W/O. This work aimed to incorporate the DK in emulsion W/O/W, physical-chemical systems obtained and to evaluate the antioxidant and depigmenting action in vitro of the developed formulations. The physico-chemical characterization was performed by microscopic analysis, quantification and size distribution, determination of pH, conductivity, zeta potential and bioadhesive test of the formulations. The droplet size in accordance with the use of light microscopy and dynamic light scattering is approximately 1μm. The pH, electrical conductivity and bioadhesion have not changed with the addition... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Avaliação preliminar do efeito da Physalis angulata L. sobre a obesidade induzida por dieta hipercalórica

The obesity has been considered one of the most serious public health problem in the worldwide scale, especially for being one of the main risk factors for many chronic diseases that characterize the metabolic syndrome. In addition to these diseases, obesity also causes dermatoses that affect not only the individual emotions but also cause various cutaneous infections. Thus, overweighting can be an agent that causes many types of stress: psychological, physical and social. In order to improve people’s life quality, several ethnopharmacological studies indicate plant species for the treatment of disorders associated with obesity due to the attraction of this regimen is perceived as safer and more health effective when compared to the treatment performed by traditional anorectic substances. If considered both food intake and also oral treatment with different compounds can promote change in the gene expression, besides an appropriate diet has been maintenance mechanism of body's vital functions. The aim of this work was to develop new standard methods for induced obesity and stress, which stress is induced through physical and psychogenic stressors in Swiss male mice. Also to evaluate the effect of supercritical extract of Physalis angulata L. on the food intake and corporeal weight loss

Análise ergonômica de equipamentos odontológicos

This is study proposes to evaluate the ergonomic aspects of dental equipments. Based on the characteristics proposed by ISO/FDI, on the existing literature and related researches an evaluating system was devised. Thirty nine dental clinics were examined using the 165 pointssystem proposed, distributed in 12 criteria. None of the dental clinics examined showed a bad ergonomics level, 41% were good and 59% reached excellent levels. The point-supported evaluation system proposed is effective in the analysis of the ergonomic conditions of dental equipments, allowing a quantification of their characteristics. Using this system, the dentist can also know the level of ergonomic satisfaction existing in his equipment, and identify the conditions to be improved. It was concluded that the equipment belonging to dental workplaces evaluated had excellent level of compliance, however corrective measures are needed since even the presence of a few non-conforming items is a sufficient condition to cause injury to users, decreased efficiency and comfort and loss quality of service

Vigorexia e mídia: fatores de influência

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