Primeira parte das cartas familiares de D. Francisco Manuel escritas a varias pessoas sobre assuntos diversos /recolhidas, e publicadas em Cinco Centurias por Antonio Luis de Azevedo, professor de Humanidades e por elle offerecidas a Illustriss. Doutiss. e Sempre Insigne Academia dos Generosos (sic.)

Francisco Manuel de Melo nasceu em Lisboa, em 23 de novembro de 1608, e morreu na sua quinta em Alcântara, em 13 de outubro de 1966. Estudou no colégio jesuíta, especializando-se em Filosofia e Teologia. Aos dezessete anos, decidiu seguir carreira militar. Condenado por instigar homicídio, esteve preso por onze anos, e, em 1655, foi degredado para o Brasil, para onde partiu na armada de Francisco de Brito Freire. Retornou a Portugal em 1658. De lá foi para a Itália, onde permaneceu por alguns anos e começou, em 1664, a fazer uma edição completa de suas obras, às quais, por motivo ignorado, não deu continuidade. Transferiu-se para Lisboa, onde, logo depois, veio a falecer. Historiador, poeta, orador e crítico-moralista, Francisco Manuel foi um dos escritores mais eruditos e polidos.

Legislação sobre o SUS : Lei nº 8.080, de 19 de setembro de 1990 (Lei Orgânica do SUS), que dispõe sobre as condições para a promoção, proteção e recuperação da saúde, a organização e o funcionamento dos serviços correspondentes e dá outras providências, e legislação correlata

Lei nº 8.080, de 19 de setembro de 1990 (Lei Orgânica do SUS), que dispõe sobre as condições para a promoção, proteção e recuperação da saúde, a organização e o funcionamento dos serviços correspondentes e dá outras providências, e legislação correlata. Atualizada até 13/10/2015.

Chemosensory response of marine flagellate towards L- and D- dissolved free amino acids generated during heavy grazing on bacteria

This study investigated the generation of dissolved free amino acids (DFAA) by the bacterivorous flagellate Rhynchomonas nasuta when feeding on abundant prey. Specifically, it examined whether this flagellate protist exhibits a chemosensory response towards those amino acids. The concentrations of glycine and the and D-enantiomers of glutamate, serine, threonine, alanine, and leucine were determined in co-cultures of the flagellate and bacteria. Glycine, L- and D-alanine, and L-serine were found to accumulate under these conditions in amounts that correlated positively with flagellate abundance, suggesting that protists are involved in their generation. Investigations of the chemotactic response of young and old foraging protists to the same amino acids, offered in concentrations similar to those previously generated, showed that glycine elicited the strongest attraction in both age groups. Young protists were strongly attracted to all the assayed amino acids, whereas older protists maintained a high level of attraction only for glycine. These results suggest that glycine generated by protists actively grazing in bacterially enriched patches functions as an infochemical, signaling to foraging protists the presence of available prey in the aquatic environment.

Diplodia pinea (Desm.) Kickx y Fusarium circinatum Niremberg & O'Donell, principales hongos de chancro de las masas forestales de Pinus radiata D. Don del País Vasco

228 p.

Histogénèse et structure de la glande hermaphrodite d'Helix pomatia (Linn.)

(PDF contains 267 pages)

Analog VLSI-based, neuromorphic sensorimotor systems: modeling the primate oculomotor system

Using neuromorphic analog VLSI techniques for modeling large neural systems has several advantages over software techniques. By designing massively-parallel analog circuit arrays which are ubiquitous in neural systems, analog VLSI models are extremely fast, particularly when local interactions are important in the computation. While analog VLSI circuits are not as flexible as software methods, the constraints posed by this approach are often very similar to the constraints faced by biological systems. As a result, these constraints can offer many insights into the solutions found by evolution. This dissertation describes a hardware modeling effort to mimic the primate oculomotor system which requires both fast sensory processing and fast motor control. A one-dimensional hardware model of the primate eye has been built which simulates the physical dynamics of the biological system. It is driven by analog VLSI circuits mimicking brainstem and cortical circuits that control eye movements. In this framework, a visually-triggered saccadic system is demonstrated which generates averaging saccades. In addition, an auditory localization system, based on the neural circuits of the barn owl, is used to trigger saccades to acoustic targets in parallel with visual targets. Two different types of learning are also demonstrated on the saccadic system using floating-gate technology allowing the non-volatile storage of analog parameters directly on the chip. Finally, a model of visual attention is used to select and track moving targets against textured backgrounds, driving both saccadic and smooth pursuit eye movements to maintain the image of the target in the center of the field of view. This system represents one of the few efforts in this field to integrate both neuromorphic sensory processing and motor control in a closed-loop fashion.

Engineering thermostable fungal cellobiohydrolases

Meeting the world's growing energy demands while protecting our fragile environment is a challenging issue. Second generation biofuels are liquid fuels like long-chain alcohols produced from lignocellulosic biomass. To reduce the cost of biofuel production, we engineered fungal family 6 cellobiohydrolases (Cel6A) for enhanced thermostability using random mutagenesis and recombination of beneficial mutations. During long-time hydrolysis, engineered thermostable cellulases hydrolyze more sugars than wild-type Cel6A as single enzymes and binary mixtures at their respective optimum temperatures. Engineered thermostable cellulases exhibit synergy in binary mixtures similar to wild-type cellulases, demonstrating the utility of engineering individual cellulases to produce novel thermostable mixtures. Crystal structures of the engineered thermostable cellulases indicate that the stabilization comes from improved hydrophobic interactions and restricted loop conformations by proline substitutions. At high temperature, free cysteines contribute to irreversible thermal inactivation in engineered thermostable Cel6A and wild-type Cel6A. The mechanism of thermal inactivation in this cellulase family is consistent with disulfide bond degradation and thiol-disulfide exchange. Enhancing the thermostability of Cel6A also increases tolerance to pretreatment chemicals, demonstrated by the strong correlation between thermostability and tolerance to 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate. Several semi-rational protein engineering approaches – on the basis of consensus sequence analysis, proline stabilization, FoldX energy calculation, and high B-factors – were evaluated to further enhance the thermostability of Cel6A.