977 resultados para CAROSSA, HANS
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Under 1700-talets andra hälft hörde Sveriges nya fästningar i öst (Helsingfors, Sveaborg, Lovisa och Svartholm) till rikets största satsningar. Fästningsprojektet leddes med undantag av ett par avbrott av Augustin Ehrensvärd (1710 1772). När arbetet tog fart namngavs de enskilda fästningsverken i så gott som alla fall efter samtida personer. Under Ehrensvärds tid tillämpades denna namngivning på omkring femtio av Sveaborgs och Helsingfors fästningsverk samt på Lovisas och Svartholms totalt aderton verk. Genom personerna de knöts till berättar namnen en hel del om Augustin Ehrensvärds samtid och omvärld. Hur de gjorde det är denna avhandlings huvudfråga. Källmaterialet utgörs av relationsritningar och brev, medan de teoretiska ramarna står att finna i nätverksteori och onomastiska teorier om namnmönster. Ehrensvärd förklarade sin namngivningspraxis för sin överordnade, tronföljaren Adolf Fredrik, 1749 i samband med att Gustavssvärd med fästningsverk namngavs: tanken var att namnge bastioner efter de som bidragit till arbetets framgång och att namnge utanverk efter officerare vid fästningsbygget. Innebörden av Ehrensvärds ord framgår ur namnbeståndet. De största grupperna består av ämbetsmän och militärer. Med de som bidragit till arbetets framgång avsågs sålunda den lokala eliten: landshövdingar som involverats i fästningsbygget samt högre och lägre militärer som tjänstgjorde vid fästningarna. Redan från början syns en klar hierarki i namngivningen. Medan landshövdingarna och de högre militärerna tillägnades bastioner, fick de lägre officerarna se mindre fästningsverk namngivna efter sig, helt i enlighet med Ehrensvärds egen beskrivning. Utanför de ovan nämnda grupperna, hedrades en hel del personer som inte konkret hade engagerats i fästningsbygget. Denna namngivning kan förklaras å ena sidan inom ramen för Ehrensvärds sociala nätverk och å andra sidan mot bakgrund av riksdagspolitiken i frihetstidens Sverige. Av de två förklaringsmodeller bör Ehrensvärds personliga vänskaper ses som en bidragande orsak, medan de politiska motiven utgjorde en avgörande orsak. Som en del av Ehrensvärds nätverk kan de gynnare ses som hade stöttat Ehrensvärd under hans karriär samt hans närmaste medarbetare vid fästningsbygget, ofta officerer han själv handplockat. Namngivningens politiska aspekt syns i det stora antalet riksråd som tillägandes bastionnamn. Vid sidan om riksråden hedrades också talmän vid de samtida riksdagarna. En komparativ studie i namngivningen av fästningsverk vid samtida och äldre svenska fästningar framhäver Ehrensvärd som en innovativ namngivare. Fästningsverk namngivna efter kungligheter verkar ha varit en norm, som också Ehrensvärd anknöt till genom ett fåtal namn. Däremot var namn efter personer inte vanliga, vilket gav den Ehrensvärdska namngivningen en förhållandevis stark anknytning till samtiden. Denna aspekt bekräftas om namnen ses mot bakgrund av 1700-talets uppfattning om ära och äregirighetens samhälleliga nytta. I denna uppfattning syns bakgrunden till förekomsten av personer med både hög och låg status i Ehrensvärds namngivning. Sammanfattningsvis speglar namnen på de finska fästningsverken sin samtid genom den byråkratiska, militära och politiska elit de representerar samt genom motiveringen till dem.
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Despite a significant growth in food production over the past half-century, one of the most important challenges facing society today is how to feed an expected population of some nine billion by the middle of the 20th century. To meet the expected demand for food without significant increases in prices, it has been estimated that we need to produce 70-100 per cent more food, in light of the growing impacts of climate change, concerns over energy security, regional dietary shifts and the Millennium Development target of halving world poverty and hunger by 2015. The goal for the agricultural sector is no longer simply to maximize productivity, but to optimize across a far more complex landscape of production, rural development, environmental, social justice and food consumption outcomes. However, there remain significant challenges to developing national and international policies that support the wide emergence of more sustainable forms of land use and efficient agricultural production. The lack of information flow between scientists, practitioners and policy makers is known to exacerbate the difficulties, despite increased emphasis upon evidence-based policy. In this paper, we seek to improve dialogue and understanding between agricultural research and policy by identifying the 100 most important questions for global agriculture. These have been compiled using a horizon-scanning approach with leading experts and representatives of major agricultural organizations worldwide. The aim is to use sound scientific evidence to inform decision making and guide policy makers in the future direction of agricultural research priorities and policy support. If addressed, we anticipate that these questions will have a significant impact on global agricultural practices worldwide, while improving the synergy between agricultural policy, practice and research. This research forms part of the UK Government's Foresight Global Food and Farming Futures project.
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A powder neutron diffraction study was carried out on 0.8BiFeO(3)-0.2PbTiO(3) in the temperature range 27-1000 degrees C. The system exhibits magnetic transition at similar to 300 degrees C and a rhombohedral (R3c)-cubic (Pm3m) ferroelectric phase transition at similar to 650 degrees C. Anomalous variation in the lattice parameters and the octahedral tilt angle is observed across the magnetic transition temperature. In the magnetic phase, the c parameter is contracted and the octahedral tilt angle is slightly increased. The results suggest coupling between the spin, lattice and structural degrees of freedom. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. doi:10.1063/1.3555093]
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A total of 76 species of macrolichens were recorded from 16 transects of 50 m x 10 m between altitudes of 2100 m and 4500 m in western parts of Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve of Garhwal Himalayas. Forty-one of these are lignicolous species occurring on woody, 14 are terricolous growing on soil and 10 are saxicolous inhabiting rocks only, The other 11 species occur on more than one major types of substrate, Lichen species diversity is at its highest in middle altitudes between 2700 m and 3700 m where all three major substrates are simultaneously available, Lichen species diversity of Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve appears to be under threat from deforestation and fires, as well as from loss of soil microhabitats due to overgrowth of weeds seemingly caused by cessation of summer grazing in alpine pastures.
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The reaction of eta(5)-Cp*TiCl3 and (LiNHBu)-Bu-t in hexanes yields a novel [eta(5)-Cp*Ti(=(NBu)-Bu-t)((NHBu)-Bu-t)(2)]Li . (NH2Bu)-Bu-t complex with a terminal tert-butylimido moiety. The synthesis and X-ray structural characterization are described. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved.
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The ability of a metal to resist strain localisation and hence reduction in local thickness, is a most important forming property upon stretching. The uniform strain represents in this regard a critical factor to describe stretching ability - especially when the material under consideration exhibits negative strain rate sensitivity and dynamic strain ageing (DSA). A newly developed Laser Speckle Technique (LST), e.g. see [1], was used in-situ during tensile testing with two extensometers. The applied technique facilitates quantitative information on the propagating plasticity (i.e. the so-called PLC bands) known to take place during deformation where DSA is active. The band velocity (V-band), and the bandwidth (W-band) were monitored upon increasing accumulated strain. The knowledge obtained with the LST was useful for understanding the underlying mechanisms for the formability limit when DSA and negative strain rate sensitivity operate. The goal was to understand the relationship between PLC/DSA phenomena and the formability limit physically manifested as shear band formation. Two principally different alloys were used to discover alloying effects.
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Biodiversity surveys were conducted in 13, 10x50 m(2) plots located between 1400 to 3100 in abode mean sea level in a range of habitats in temperate mixed Oak and Coniferous forests through sub-alpine to the alpine grasslands in Chamoli district of Uttaranchal state in the Indian Garhwal Himalaya. Cross-taxon congruence in biodiversity (alpha-diversity and beta-diversity) across macrolichens, mosses, liverworts, woody plants (shrubs and trees) and ants was investigated, so as to examine the extent to which these group, of organisms can function as Surrogates for each other. Although woody plants provided a major substrate for macrolichens and mosses, there was no species-specific association between them. Woody plant species richness was highly positively correlated with mosses (r(2) = 0.63, P < 0.001) but the relationship, as not particularly very strong with lichens and liverworts. While there was a significant correlation in the species turnover (β-diversity) of macrolichens with mosses (r(2) = 0.21 P < 0.005). the relationship was relatively poor with the woody plants. On the other hand. negative correlations emerged in the species richness of ants with those of macrolichens, mosses and woody plants (r(2) = -0.44 P < 0.05). but most of the complementarity (turnover) relationships among them were positive, Since diversity between taxonomic hierarchies within the group was consistently significantly positively correlated in all these taxa, the higher taxonomic categories Such as genus and family may be employed as surrogates for rapid assessment and monitoring of species diversity, Although no single group other than macrolichens has emerged as a good indicator of changes in species richness in all other groups, some concordant relationships between them conform to the hypothesis that species assemblages of certain taxonomic groups could still be used as surrogates for efficient monitoring of species diversity in other groups whose distribution may further predict the importance of conserving overall biodiversity in landscapes such as the Garhwal Himalaya. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is an enduring health problem worldwide and the emerging threat of multidrug resistant (MDR) TB and extensively drug resistant (XDR) TB is of particular concern. A better understanding of biomarkers associated with TB will aid to guide the development of better targets for TB diagnosis and for the development of improved TB vaccines. Methods: Recombinant proteins (n = 7) and peptide pools (n = 14) from M. tuberculosis (M.tb) antigens associated with M.tb pathogenicity, modification of cell lipids or cellular metabolism, were used to compare T cell immune responses defined by IFN-gamma production using a whole blood assay (WBA) from i) patients with TB, ii) individuals recovered from TB and iii) individuals exposed to TB without evidence of clinical TB infection from Minsk, Belarus. Results: We identified differences in M.tb target peptide recognition between the test groups, i.e. a frequent recognition of antigens associated with lipid metabolism, e.g. cyclopropane fatty acyl phospholipid synthase. The pattern of peptide recognition was broader in blood from healthy individuals and those recovered from TB as compared to individuals suffering from pulmonary TB. Detection of biologically relevant M.tb targets was confirmed by staining for intracellular cytokines (IL-2, TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma) in T cells from non-human primates (NHPs) after BCG vaccination. Conclusions: PBMCs from healthy individuals and those recovered from TB recognized a broader spectrum of M.tb antigens as compared to patients with TB. The nature of the pattern recognition of a broad panel of M.tb antigens will devise better strategies to identify improved diagnostics gauging previous exposure to M.tb; it may also guide the development of improved TB-vaccines.
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A combination of measurements using photoelectron spectroscopy and calculations using density functional theory (DFT) was applied to compare the detailed electronic structure of the organolead halide perovskites CH3NH3PbI3 and CH3NH3PbBr3. These perovskite materials are used to absorb light in mesoscopic and planar heterojunction solar cells. The Pb 4f core level is investigated to get insight into the chemistry of the two materials. Valence level measurments are also included showing a shift of the valence band edges where there is a higher binding energy of the edge for the CH3NH3PbBr3 perovskite. These changes are supported by the theoretical calculations which indicate that the differences in electronic structure are mainly caused by the nature of the halide ion rather than structural differences. The combination of photoelectron spectroscopy measurements and electronic structure calculations is essential to disentangle how the valence band edge in organolead halide perovskites is governed by the intrinsic difference in energy levels of the halide ions from the influence of chemical bonding.
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The high species richness of tropical forests has long been recognized, yet there remains substantial uncertainty regarding the actual number of tropical tree species. Using a pantropical tree inventory database from closed canopy forests, consisting of 657,630 trees belonging to 11,371 species, we use a fitted value of Fisher's alpha and an approximate pantropical stem total to estimate the minimum number of tropical forest tree species to fall between similar to 40,000 and similar to 53,000, i.e., at the high end of previous estimates. Contrary to common assumption, the Indo-Pacific region was found to be as species-rich as the Neotropics, with both regions having a minimum of similar to 19,000-25,000 tree species. Continental Africa is relatively depauperate with a minimum of similar to 4,500-6,000 tree species. Very few species are shared among the African, American, and the Indo-Pacific regions. We provide a methodological framework for estimating species richness in trees that may help refine species richness estimates of tree-dependent taxa.
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El presente ensayo se realizó en el centro experimental La Compañía, San Marcos Departamento de Carazo, Nicaragua en la época de primera (junio–agosto del 2004), con el fín de caracterizar y evaluar el comportamiento de 7 genotipos de frijol rojo, proporcionadas por el Programa Internacional de Viveros de Adaptación y Rendimiento, del Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT) , en coordinación con el Instituto Nicaragüense de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Fue establecido un diseño de bloques completamente al azar con tres repeticiones; el tamaño de la muestra fue de 10 plantas para caracteres cuantitativos y para los cualitativos se basó en el aspecto de predominancia de caracteres. Se realizó el análisis de varianza y la separación de medias por Tukey al 95% de confianza para las variables del rendimiento y sus componentes; así como la media, desviación estándar y coeficiente de variación para caracteres relacionados al desarrollo y crecimiento. Fueron evaluados 18 caracteres cuantitativos y 15 cu alitativos. De acuerdo con los resultados la semilla se clasificó como pequeña, con forma ovoidea, alargada ovoidea y arriñonada recta en el lado del hilo, esta última con mayor frecuencia; el grano presentó color, rojo claro con testa brillante y rojo marrón oscuro con testa intermedio, predominan do el color rojo claro con testa brillante. Los análisis estadísticos indican que solo dos genotipos difirieron estadísticamente en cuanto al rendimiento, obteniendo el mayor valor el SRC 1-12-1-43 con 2203.9 kg ha -1 , no mostrando diferencias estadísticas las demás variables relacionadas. Todos los genotipos mostraron hábito de crecimiento arbustivo indeterminado (IIb). Respecto a las variables fenológicas se observaron rangos de 36 a 38 dds para el número de días a floración, los días a madurez fisiológica oscilaron entre 62 y 68 dds y los días a cosecha entre 66 y 72 dds, ubicándose de esta manera como materiales precoces. Todos los materiales presentaron daños de las enfermedades mustia hilachosa ( Thanatephorus cucumeris Frank) y mancha angular ( Isariopsis griseola Sacc) con niveles de severidad intermedia con excepción de los genotipos SRC 1-12-1-43 y MPN 103-25, que mostraron susceptibilidad a la mustia hilachosa; sin embargo estos alcanzaron los mayores rendimientos.
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Presentación -- Parte I -- Breve relato sobre el Anticristo / Vladimir Soloiev -- Las enseñanzas de la iconografía / Marisa Mosto -- ¿Cómo se hace un ícono? / María Bargalló -- Michel Villey: Destructor de ídolos, creador de íconos / Carlos Raúl Sanz -- La racionalidad al rescate de la Naturaleza y la Ley Natural / María Celestina Donadío Maggi de Gandolfi -- Part II -- El cuadragésimo aniversario de la reforma del Código Civil (ley 17.711) /Carlos Raúl Sanz -- Parte III -- Segundo Encuentro Interuniversitario de Derecho de Familia. Controversias Jurídicas Actuales. Facultad de Derecho de la Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina. Buenos Aires, 4 de junio de 2008 -- Los principios ético-jurídicos del vínculo paterno-filial y familiar por adopción / Catalina Elsa Arias de Ronchietto -- Democratización de la familia y su incidencia en los vínculos jurídico-familiares / Ursula C. Basset -- El derecho del niño a la familia / Julio César Capparelli -- La filiación y sus controversias jurídicas modernas. Un asunto inquietante / Ursula C. Basset -- Impugnación de la paternidad matrimonial. La exclusión de la madre y del pretenso padre biológico / Jorge Oscar Perrino -- Parte IV -- Derecho y retórica. Una aproximación desde la academia estadounidense / Valentín Thury Cornejo -- Notas sobre la asistencia social / José Benjamín Gomez Paz -- La Justicia y el derecho en el pensamiento del Santo Tomás de Aquino y Hans Kelsen / Alberto Silvio Pestalardo -- San Agustín, Dante y la Globalización. Una invitación a la reflexión sobre la globalización y la laicidad / Carlos A. Gabriel Maino -- La esclavitud en la doctrina Aristotélica-Tomista / Sebastián Pierpaulli -- Hegel y la evangelización de la cultura / María Fernanda Balmaseda Cinquina -- Parte V -- Comentarios Bibliográficos -- Parte VI -- Las Enseñanzas del Papa S.S. Benedicto XVI -- Parte VII -- Documentos
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Contenido: El hombre desamparado / La Dirección – Los fundamentos de la educación en Santo Tomás de Aquino / José Todoli Duque -- La filosofía jurídica de Hans Kelsen/ Julio M. Ojea Quintana – El problema moral / Carlo Giacon – Notas y comentarios -- Bibliografía
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Resumen: Actualmente hay cierto consenso en la preferencia de la democracia sobre otros sistemas de gobierno; sin embargo, a la hora de cuestionarnos sobre su fundamento filosófico el consenso es más difícil de lograr. En la democracia se valora la participación activa de los ciudadanos y su derecho a una opinión libre, por lo cual algunos planteos consideran que el sistema democrático es incompatible con la defensa de verdades y valores absolutos. Ejemplo de ello es el planteo de Kelsen, quien sostiene que la democracia solo puede fundamentarse sobre una filosofía relativista. Sin embargo, posiciones como estas tropiezan con dificultades y contradicciones de orden lógico, gnoseológico, metafísico, antropológico, psicológico, ético y social. Acarrean consecuencias negativas también en el ámbito educativo. Para responder a estos planteos proponemos volver sobre algunas enseñanzas de Sócrates y repensar la relación entre democracia y educación, verdad y libertad.
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Resumen: El artículo se propone analizar la relación entre el magisterio y los teólogos desde la especificidad de los esquemas eclesiológicos. Esta formalidad eclesiológica es animada por la conjetura de que en los momentos de relaciones conflictivas entre el magisterio y la teología, confluyen dos esquemas eclesiológicos diversos en los que alguno de los interlocutores asume funciones no propias dejando al otro en un espacio eclesial no acorde a sus especificidades. Después de un desarrollo histórico se pasa a una elaboración especulativa desde el análisis lingüístico del discurso teológico.