Ars moriendi « Quamvis secundum philosophum … »

[Ars moriendi (latin). [circa 1475-1480 ?]]

Ars moriendi « Quamvis secundum philosophum … »

[Ars moriendi (latin). [circa 1470 ?]]

Ars moriendi « Quamvis secundum philosophum … »

[Ars moriendi (latin). [circa 1470 ?]]

Ars moriendi « Quamvis secundum philosophum … »

[Ars moriendi (latin). [circa 1465-1470 ?]]

Ars moriendi « Quamvis secundum philosophum … »

[Ars moriendi (latin). [circa 1480-1485 ?]]

8

Ce chapitre tente de montrer comment les luttes pour la reconnaissance des musulmans, en Suisse aussi bien qu'en France passent par des luttes pour la visibilité. Mais en se rendant visibles dans l'espace public, certains collectifs ou acteurs musulmans vont entrer en tension avec l'enjeu même de la reconnaissance sociale de l'ensemble des associations. En publicisant leurs actions et leurs revendications, ces acteurs suscitent des réactions qui sont de nature à alimenter et à intensifier le rejet et la phobie dont les musulmans sont l'objet.

Biblia pauperum

[Biblia pauperum (latin). circa 1460-1465]

Ars moriendi « Quamvis secundum philosophum … »

[Ars moriendi (latin). [circa 1480-1485 ?]]

Ars moriendi « Quamvis secundum philosophum … »

[Ars moriendi (latin). [circa 1475 ?]]

Ars moriendi « Quamvis secundum philosophum … » (texte allemand)

[Ars moriendi (allemand). circa 1468-1469]

Biblia pauperum

[Biblia pauperum (latin). circa 1470-1475]

Heterogeneity in endothelium-derived nitric oxide-mediated relaxation of different sized pulmonary arteries of newborn lambs.

Endothelium-derived nitric oxide (EDNO) plays a pivotal role in regulating pulmonary circulation. To determine whether there is a heterogeneity in EDNO-mediated responses of different sized pulmonary vessels, we studied small and large isolated pulmonary arteries of newborn lambs (diameter, 0.4-0.7 and 1.5-2.5 mm, respectively). The isometric tension of vessel rings were recorded while suspended in organ chambers filled with modified Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate solution (95% O2-5% CO2, 37 degrees C). In vessels preconstricted with norepinephrine, acetylcholine and bradykinin induced a greater relaxation of small pulmonary arteries than of large pulmonary arteries. Acetylcholine, bradykinin, and nitric oxide also induced a greater increase in cGMP content in small arteries than in large ones. The responses to acetylcholine and bradykinin were endothelium-dependent and inhibited by nitro-L-arginine, an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase. In vessels without endothelium, the response to nitric oxide was inhibited by 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one, an inhibitor of soluble guanylate cyclase. The activity of soluble guanylyl cyclase of small arteries was greater than that of large arteries under basal conditions and after stimulation with S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine, a nitric oxide donor. These results demonstrate that heterogeneity exists in EDNO-mediated relaxation of small and large pulmonary arteries in newborn lambs. A difference in the soluble guanylate cyclase activity of vascular smooth muscle may have contributed to this phenomenon.

Legal europeanization as legal transformation : some insights from Swiss 'outer Europe'

The "Europeanization" of non-EU countries' laws is predominantly seen as an "export" of the EU acquis, especially in the case of so-called "quasi-member" states such as Switzerland. Based on an examination of the Swiss experience, this paper highlights the flaws of this conceptualization: the Europeanization of Swiss Law is a highly differentiated phenomenon, encompassing several forms of approximation to EU Law. All of these forms fall short of an "export" of norms, and result in the creation of something new: a "Europeanized law" that is similar to, but qualitatively different from, EU Law. Another drawback of the "export" metaphor is the emphasis it places on the isomorphism of positive legislation. Europeanization goes deeper than that. As shown in this paper, it is a process of transformation involving not only positive law, but also legal thinking. The Swiss case demonstrates how significant such deeper transformations can be: the Europeanization of positive law has induced an alteration of the traditional canon of legal interpretation. It also demonstrates how problematic such transformations can be: the above-mentioned alteration has not given rise to a new and universally accepted canon of interpretation. This reflects the tension between the need for clear "rules of reference" for EU legal materials - which are required in order to restore coherence and predictability to an extensively Europeanized legal system - and the reluctance to give a legal value to foreign legal materials - which is rooted in a traditional understanding of the concept of "law". Such tension, in turn, shows what deep and difficult transformations are required in order to establish a viable model of legal integration outside supranational structures.