PEGylated DOTA-AHA-based Gd(III) chelates – A relaxometric study

Three PEGylated derivatives of 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1-((6-amino)hexanoic)-4,7,10-triacetic acid) (DOTA-AHA) with different molecular weights were prepared and characterized. Their Gd(III) chelates were studied in aqueous solution using variable-temperature 1H nuclear magnetic relaxation dispersion (NMRD) and 17ONMR spectroscopy in view of the determination of their relaxivity and the parameters that govern it. The relaxivity varied from 5.1 to 6.5 mM-1.s-1 (37 ºC and 60 MHz) with the increasing molecular weight of the PEG chain, being slightly higher than that of the parent chelate Gd(DOTA-AHA), due to a small contribution of a slow global rotation of the complexes. A variable temperature 1H NMR study of several Ln(III) chelates of DOTA-A(PEG750)HA allowed the determination of the isomeric M/m ratio (M = square antiprismatic isomer and m = twisted square antiprismatic isomer, the latter presenting a much faster water exchange) which for the Gd(III) chelate was estimated in circa 1:0.2, very close to that of [Gd(DOTA)]-. This explains why the PEGylated Gd(III) chelate has a water rate exchange similar to that of [Gd(DOTA)]-. The predominance of the M isomer is a consequence of the bulky PEG moiety which does not favor the stabilization of the m isomer in sterically crowded systems at the substituent site, contrary to what happens with less packed asymmetrical DOTA-type chelates with substitution in one of the four acetate C(α) atoms.

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography for suspected choledocholithiasis : from guidelines to clinical practice

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography for suspected choledocholithiasis: From guidelines to clinical practice.

Tendências das publicações nas fases trimestral, bimestral e mensal das cinco décadas dos Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia

OBJETIVO: Estudar tendências das publicações nos Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia de março de 1948 a fevereiro de 1998, nas fases trimestral, bimestral e mensal de publicação. MÉTODOS: Foram sorteados aleatoriamente 25% dos fascículos de cada fase e constituída amostra de 98 fascículos: 13 (11,5%) da fase trimestral, 27 (23,5%) da fase bimestral e 58 (65%) da fase mensal. Foram estudados o tipo de texto, o número de autores, a procedência, o idioma, e as referências bibliográficas. RESULTADOS: Foram estudados 1.204 textos, 90 (7,5%) da fase trimestral, 238 (19,8%) da fase bimestral e 876 (72,8%) da fase mensal. Os textos mais freqüentes foram artigos originais (353), revisões de tema (350) e relatos de caso (205). Nas três fases de periodicidade: não houve diferença significativa das proporções de artigos originais, revisões e relatos de caso; houve maior número de autores na fase mensal; verificou-se concentração geográfica das contribuições [864 de 1204 (72%) de três Estados], diminuíram as contribuições internacionais (20,8%, 4,4% e 4,9%), houve redução de publicações em outras línguas; a média de referências internacionais superou 16,7 e de nacionais foi inferior a 4,7. CONCLUSÃO: A análise da tendência evolutiva em cinco décadas de publicação revelou hiatos que podem ser preenchidos pelos Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia, para melhor acompanhar as tendências internacionais de editoração de periódicos médicos, das expectativas dos autores e dos leitores.

Correlation between turbidimetric and nephelometric methods of measuring C-reactive protein in patients with unstable angina or non-ST elevation acute myocardial infarction

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the performance of the turbidimetric method of C-reactive protein (CRP) as a measure of low-grade inflammation in patients admitted with non-ST elevation acute coronary syndromes (ACS). METHODS: Serum samples obtained at hospital arrival from 68 patients (66±11 years, 40 men), admitted with unstable angina or non-ST elevation acute myocardial infarction were used to measure CRP by the methods of nephelometry and turbidimetry. RESULTS: The medians of C-reactive protein by the turbidimetric and nephelometric methods were 0.5 mg/dL and 0.47 mg/dL, respectively. A strong linear association existed between the 2 methods, according to the regression coefficient (b=0.75; 95% C.I.=0.70-0.80) and correlation coefficient (r=0.96; P<0.001). The mean difference between the nephelometric and turbidimetric CRP was 0.02 ± 0.91 mg/dL, and 100% agreement between the methods in the detection of high CRP was observed. CONCLUSION: In patients with non-ST elevation ACS, CRP values obtained by turbidimetry show a strong linear association with the method of nephelometry and perfect agreement in the detection of high CRP.

Notulae systematicae.

v.12-13(1945-1948)

Anticorpos contra beta2-glicoproteína I como fatores de risco para infarto agudo do miocárdio

OBJETIVO: Determinar se títulos elevados de anticorpos contra o cofator fosfolipídico beta2-glicoproteína I (beta2-gpI) se associam a risco aumentado de infarto agudo do miocárdio. MÉTODOS: Incluídos 82 pacientes com infarto agudo do miocárdio e 82 controles, avaliados quanto à idade, sexo, raça, hipertensão, tabagismo, cardiopatia prévia, história de diabetes mellitus e hipercolesterolemia. Anticorpos anticardiolipina e antibeta2-gpI IgA, IgG e IgM foram detectados por imunoensaio. Odds ratios (OR) ajustados para fatores de risco foram obtidos através de regressão logística. RESULTADOS: A média de idade para casos e controles foi, respectivamente, de 57,7 e 51,1 anos (P=0,003), predominando homens (P=0.005) e a raça branca em ambos os grupos (P = 0.798). Entre os fatores de risco, história de diabetes (OR 5,3; IC95% 1,9 a 14,9; P=0,001) e cardiopatia prévia (OR 4,7; IC95% 2,0 a 10,7; P<0,001) foram as associações mais consistentes com o infarto do miocárdio. A freqüência de anticorpos anticardiolipina IgG, IgM e IgA não diferiu em casos e controles (P=1,000). Anticorpos IgA contra beta2-gpI IgA foram mais freqüentes em casos do que em controles (P=0.054). O OR ajustado para anticorpos IgA anti-beta2-gpI IgA foi 3,4 (IC95% 1,3 a 9,1; P = 0,015). CONCLUSÃO: Anticorpos IgA antibeta2-gpI, mas não anticardiolipina, parecem se comportar como fatores de risco independentes para o infarto, o que pode representar um elo entre autoimunidade e aterosclerose em pacientes com infarto agudo do miocárdio.

Rhodora

v.50 (1948)

Megachilinae, bearbeitet von dr. H. Friese. Mit 132 abbildungen.

28

Bioremediation of diesel contaminated soils : an investigation into the effects of biosurfactant and organic matter amendments

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of biosurfactants and organic matter amendments on the bioremediation of diesel contaminated soil. Two strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa with the ability to produce biosurfactant were isolated from a water and soil sample in Co. Sligo. The first strain, Isolate A, produced a biosurfactant which contained four rhamnose containing compounds, when grown in proteose peptone glucose ammonium salts medium with glucose as the carbon source. Two of the components were identified as rhamnolipid 1 and 2 whilst the other two components were unidentified. The second strain, Isolate GO, when grown in similar conditions produced a biosurfactant which contained only rhamnolipid 2. The type of aeration system used had a significant effect on the abiotic removal of diesel from soil. Forced aeration at a rate of 120L 02/kg soil/ hour resulted in the greatest removal. Over a 112 day incubation period this type o f aeration resulted in the removal o f 48% o f total hexane extractable material. In relation to bioremediation of the diesel contaminated sandy soil, amending the soil with two inorganic nutrients, KH2PO4 and NÜ4N03, significantly enhanced the removal of diesel, especially the «- alkanes, when compared to an unamended control. The biosurfactant from Isolate A and a biosurfactant produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCIMB 8628 (a known biosurfactant producer), when applied at a concentration of three times their critical micelle concentration, had a neutral effect on the biodégradation o f diesel contaminated sandy soil, even in the presence o f inorganic nutrients. It was deduced that the main reason for this neutral effect was because they were both readily biodegraded by the indigenous microorganisms. The most significant removal of diesel occurred when the soils were amended with two organic materials plus the inorganic nutrients. Amendment of the diesel contaminated soil with spent brewery grain (SBG) removed significantly more diesel than amendment with dried molassed sugar beet pulp (DMSBP). After a 108 day incubation period, amendment of the diesel contaminated soil with DMSBP plus inorganic nutrients and SBG plus inorganic nutrients resulted in 72 and 89% removal of diesel range organics (DRO), in comparison to 41% removal of DRO in an inorganic nutrient amended control. The first order kinetic model described the degradation of the different diesel components with high correlation and was used to calculate Vi lives. The V2 life, of the total «-alkanes in the diesel was reduced from 40 days in the control to 8.5 and 5.1 days in the presence of DMSBP and SBG, respectively. The V2 life o f the unresolved complex mixture (UCM) in the diesel contaminated soil was also significantly reduced in the presence o f the two organics. DMSBP and SBG addition reduced UCM V2 life to 86 and 43 days, respectively, compared to 153 days in the control. The component of diesel whose removal was enhanced the greatest through the organic material amendments was the isoprenoid, pristane, a compound which until recently was thought to be nonbiodegradable and was used as an inert biomarker in oil degradation studies. The V2 life of pristane was reduced from 533 days in the nutrient amended control to 49.5 and 19.5 days in DMSBP and SBG amended soils. These results indicate that the addition o f the DMSBP and SBG to diesel contaminated soil stimulated diesel biodégradation, probably by enhancing the indigenous diesel degrading microbial population to degrade diesel hydrocarbons, whilst the addition o f biosurfactants had no enhanced effect on the bioremediation process.

Implementation of the I.S. EN 16001:2009 energy management standard into GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) Ltd, Cork

As manufacturers face an increasingly competitive environment, they seek out opportunities to reduce production costs without negatively affecting the yield or the quality of their finished products. The challenge of maintaining high product quality while simultaneously reducing production costs can often be met through investments in energy efficient technologies and energy efficiency practices. Energy management systems can offer both technological and best practice efficiencies in order to achieve substantial savings. A strong energy management system provides a solid foundation for an organisation to reduce production costs and improve site efficiency. The I.S EN16001 energy management standard specifies the requirements for establishing, implementing, maintaining and improving an energy management system and represents the latest best practice for energy management in Ireland. The objective of the energy management system is to establish a systematic approach for improving energy performance continuously. The I.S EN16001 standard specifies the requirements for continuous improvement through using energy more efficiently. The author analysed how GlaxoSmithKline’s (GSK) pharmaceutical manufacturing facility in Cork implemented the I.S. EN16001 energy management system model, and defined how energy saving opportunities where identified and introduced to improve efficiency performance. The author performed an extensive literature research in order to determine the current status of the pharmaceutical industry in Ireland, the processes involved in pharmaceutical manufacturing, the energy users required for pharmaceutical manufacturing and the efficiency measures that can be applied to these energy users in order to reduce energy consumption. The author then analysed how energy management standards are introduced to industry and critically analysed the driving factors for energy management performance in Ireland through case studies. Following an investigation as to how the I.S. EN16001 energy management standard is operated in GSK, a critical analysis of the performance achieved by the GSK energy management system is undertaken in order to determine if implementing the I.S EN16001 standard accelerates achieving energy savings. Since its introduction, the I.S. EN16001 model for energy management has enabled GSK to monitor, target and identify energy efficiency opportunities throughout the site. The model has put in place an energy management system that is continuously reviewed for improvement and to date has reduced GSK’s site operations cost by over 30% through technical improvements and generating energy awareness for smarter energy consumption within the GSK Cork site. Investment in I.S. EN16001 has proved to be a sound business strategy for GSK especially in today's manufacturing environment.

Manual of conchology, structural and systematic : with illustrations of the species. by George W. Tryon, Jr.

Ser.2, v.22

Archaeological explorations in Peru. by A.L. Kroeber -- ; Paul S. Martin --, editor.

v.2:no.4(1937)