Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor structures: ligand specificity, molecular switch and interactions with regulators.

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) compose a family of nuclear receptors that mediate the effects of lipidic ligands at the transcriptional level. In this review, we highlight advances in the understanding of the PPAR ligand binding domain (LBD) structure at the atomic level. The overall structure of PPARs LBD is described, and important protein ligand interactions are presented. Structure-activity relationships between isotypes structures and ligand specificity are addressed. It is shown that the numerous experimental three-dimensional structures available, together with in silico simulations, help understanding the role played by the activating function-2 (AF-2) in PPARs activation and its underlying molecular mechanism. The relation between the PPARs constitutive activity and the intrinsic stability of the active conformation is discussed. Finally, the interactions of PPARs LBD with co-activators or co-repressors, as well as with the retinoid X receptor (RXR) are described and considered in relation to PPARs activation.

Missing value imputation in longitudinal measures of alcohol consumption

Attrition in longitudinal studies can lead to biased results. The study is motivated by the unexpected observation that alcohol consumption decreased despite increased availability, which may be due to sample attrition of heavy drinkers. Several imputation methods have been proposed, but rarely compared in longitudinal studies of alcohol consumption. The imputation of consumption level measurements is computationally particularly challenging due to alcohol consumption being a semi-continuous variable (dichotomous drinking status and continuous volume among drinkers), and the non-normality of data in the continuous part. Data come from a longitudinal study in Denmark with four waves (2003-2006) and 1771 individuals at baseline. Five techniques for missing data are compared: Last value carried forward (LVCF) was used as a single, and Hotdeck, Heckman modelling, multivariate imputation by chained equations (MICE), and a Bayesian approach as multiple imputation methods. Predictive mean matching was used to account for non-normality, where instead of imputing regression estimates, "real" observed values from similar cases are imputed. Methods were also compared by means of a simulated dataset. The simulation showed that the Bayesian approach yielded the most unbiased estimates for imputation. The finding of no increase in consumption levels despite a higher availability remained unaltered. Copyright (C) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Bahía de Huarmey, Áncash, Perú. Evaluación ambiental en abril 2003

Se registraron aguas de mezcla y costeras frías (ACF), con temperaturas muy homogéneas que en superficie y fondo variaron entre 15,1 y 16,4 °C. Los valores de oxígeno fueron menores que en la pasada evaluación del 2002, con promedio 2,2 mL/L (máximo 3,14 mg/L) en superficie y de 0,7 mL/L (1,00 mg/L) en fondo.

Rapport et procès-verbal de la Commission de vérification des comptes des ministres...

1851-1852.

Rapport et procès-verbal de la Commission de vérification des comptes des ministres...

1852-1853.

Recueil de lois, ordonnances, décrets, réglements et circulaires concernant les différents services du Ministère des travaux publics : ancien Recueil Potiquet / dressé par les soins de l'Administration centrale

1852 (SER1,T7)-1855.

Revue critique d'histoire et de littérature / publiée sous la direction de MM. P. Meyer, Ch. Morel, G. Paris, H. Zotenberg

1928/08 (A62,N8,T95).

Revue critique d'histoire et de littérature / publiée sous la direction de MM. P. Meyer, Ch. Morel, G. Paris, H. Zotenberg

1922/06/15 (A56,T89,N12)-1922/06/30.

Revue critique d'histoire et de littérature / publiée sous la direction de MM. P. Meyer, Ch. Morel, G. Paris, H. Zotenberg

1921/06/01 (A55,T88,N11)-1921/06/14.

Revue critique d'histoire et de littérature / publiée sous la direction de MM. P. Meyer, Ch. Morel, G. Paris, H. Zotenberg

1925/08/01 (A59,T92,N15).

Revue critique d'histoire et de littérature / publiée sous la direction de MM. P. Meyer, Ch. Morel, G. Paris, H. Zotenberg

1868/01 (A3)-1868/06.

Revue critique d'histoire et de littérature / publiée sous la direction de MM. P. Meyer, Ch. Morel, G. Paris, H. Zotenberg

1928/09 (A62,N9,T95).

Revue critique d'histoire et de littérature / publiée sous la direction de MM. P. Meyer, Ch. Morel, G. Paris, H. Zotenberg

1900/07 (A34,NOUV SER,T50)-1900/12.

Revue critique d'histoire et de littérature / publiée sous la direction de MM. P. Meyer, Ch. Morel, G. Paris, H. Zotenberg

1926/07/01 (A60,T93,N13).

Revue critique d'histoire et de littérature / publiée sous la direction de MM. P. Meyer, Ch. Morel, G. Paris, H. Zotenberg

1882/01 (A16,NOUV SER,T13)-1882/06.