Los socarrats valencianos, estudios de caracterización y técnicas de limpeza

Disertación presentada en la Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnología de la Universidad Nueva de Lisboa para obtención del grado de Master en Conservación y Restauración (Área de Cerámica)

The histopathology of cutaneous leishmaniasis due to Leishmania (Leishmania) mexicana in the Yucatan peninsula, Mexico

Localized Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (LCL) known as "chiclero's ulcer" in southeast Mexico, was described by SEIDELIN in 1912. Since then the sylvatic region of the Yucatan peninsula has been documented as an endemic focus of LCL. This study of 73 biopsies from parasitological confirmed lesions of LCL cases of Leishmania (Leishmania) mexicana infection was undertaken: 1) to examine host response at tissue level; and 2) to relate manifestations of this response to some characteristics of clinical presentation. Based on Magalhães' classification we found that the most common pattern in our LCL cases caused by L. (L.) mexicana was predominantly characterized by the presence of unorganized granuloma without necrosis, (43.8%). Another important finding to be highlighted is the fact that in 50/73 (68.5%) parasite identification was positive. There was direct relation between the size of the lesion and time of evolution (r s = 0.3079, p = 0.03), and inverse correlation between size of the lesion and abundance of amastigotes (r s = -0.2467, p = 0.03). In view of the complexity of clinical and histopathological findings, cell-mediated immune response of the disease related to clinical and histopathological features, as so genetic background should be studied.

Comparison of small mammal prevalence of Leishmania (Leishmania) mexicana in five foci of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the State of Campeche, Mexico

In the Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico, 95% of the human cases of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis are caused by Leishmania (Leishmania) mexicana with an incidence rate of 5.08 per 100,000 inhabitants. Transmission is limited to the winter months (November to March). One study on wild rodents has incriminated Ototylomys phyllotis and Peromyscus yucatanicus as primary reservoirs of L. (L.) mexicana in the focus of La Libertad, Campeche. In the present study, the prevalence of both infection and disease caused by L. (L.) mexicana in small terrestrial mammals were documented during five transmission seasons (1994-2004) in five foci of Leishmaniasis in the state of Campeche. Foci separated by only 100 km, with similar relative abundances of small mammals, were found to differ significantly in their prevalence of both symptoms and infection. Transmission rates and reservoir species seemed to change in space as well as in time which limited the implementation of effective control measures of the disease even in a small endemic area such as the south of the Yucatan Peninsula.

Preliminary study towards a novel experimental model to study localized cutaneous leishmaniasis caused bY Leishmania (Leishmania) mexicana

There is not an experimental model of localized cutaneous leishmaniasis (LCL) caused by Leishmania (Leishmania) mexicana. The aim of the present study was to characterize the clinical and histological features of Peromyscus yucatanicus experimentally infected with L. (L.) mexicana. A total of 54 P. yucatanicus (groups of 18) were inoculated with 1x10(6) promastigotes of L. (L.) mexicana in the base of the tail. They were euthanized at three and six months post experimental infection. The control group was inoculated with RPMI-1640. The predominant clinical sign observed was a single ulcerated lesion in 27.77% (5/18) and in 11.11% (2/18) P. yucatanicus at three and six months respectively. The histological pattern described as chronic granulomatous inflammation with or without necrosis was found in 7/7 (100%) biopsies of euthanized P. yucatanicus at three (n = 5) and six (n = 2) months, respectively. These results resembled clinical and histological features caused by L. (L.) mexicana in humans, and support the possibility to employ P. yucatanicus as a novel experimental model to study LCL caused by this parasite.

Estado actual de nuestros conocimientos sobre la enfermedad de chagas en la Republica Mexicana

Se presentan los datos obtenidos de la revisión minuciosa en relación a enfermedad de Chagas de la literatura médica de la República Mexicana y extranjera desde el afio de 1939 en que por primeira vez se reporta a Trypanosoma cruzi en México, hasta el ano de 1976. Mediante mapas, tablas y cuadros se senalan las localidades en donde se han encontrado casos humanos, reservorios no humanos y transmisores. Se hacen comentários acerca de los resultados obtenidos y se seffala la importancia de incrementar los estúdios sobre enfermedades de Chagas en nuestro país.

Leishmania mexicana: aspectos taxonómicos y rareza de la infección humana en Três Braços, Bahia, Brasil

Del estúdio de 51 stocks de Leishmania aislados de pacientes humanos de leishmaniasis cutaneomucosa en Três Braços, Bahia, Brasil, los autores describen, en detalle, el análisis de los dos únicos stocks de L. mexicana, identificando uno de ellos como L. mexicana amazonensis. El otro aislado permanece en posición taxonómica no definida pues considerándosele como un miembro de L. mexicana, encuéntranse dificultades para su identificación subespecífica. Evaluan también los parâmetros biológicos e isoenzimáticos y discuten el papel de los anticuerpos monoclonales en la tipificación de éstos stocks. Los autores remarcan la rareza de la transmisión de parásitos del complejo L. mexicana en esta región, aun cuando estudien epidemiológicamente por mais de 8 anos la infección humana.

Leishmania mexicana in Proechimys iheringi denigratus Moojen (Rodentia, Echimyidae) in a region endemic for American cutaneous leishmaniasis

Three isolates of Leishmania were recovered from five of 27 specimens of the rodent Proechimys iheringi denigratus Moojen captured near Três Braços in the Atlantic Forest region of Bahia, Brazil. Two of these isolates were recovered from hamsters inoculated with a pooled triturate of liver, spleen and skin tissue from apparently healthy P. i. denigratus. The third isolate was recovered from a triturate of only skin tissue from another. Metastasis was observed in the inoculated hamsters, the parasites grew abundantly in artificial media and a typical suprapylarial pattern of infection in Lutzomyia longipalpis was produced indicating that the parasites belong to the Leishmania mexicana complex. All isolates reacted with Leishmania mexicana mexicana and Leishmania mexicana amazonensis monoclonal antibodies. The isoenzyme analysis differentiated these isolates from standard isolates of L. m. mexicana, L. m. amazonensis, L. m. aristedesi, L. m. pifanoi, L. m. garnhami and L. m. ssp.(Goiás-W. Barbosa). These isolates seem to be a subspecies of L. mexicana very closely related to L. m. amazonensis from which they differ by decreased electrophoretic mobility of GPI, PEP and ALAT. This is the first record of the isolation of a parasite of thegenus Leishmania in a rodent captured in the State of Bahia.

Histological evaluation of the lesion induced by inoculation of Leishmania mexicana in the cheek pouch of the hamster

We have studied the role of the immune response in the morphology of the leishmaniotic granuloma induced in the cheek pouch of hamsters, an immunologically privileged site, after inoculation of 3 x 10(5) Leishmania mexicana. Animals were histologically and immunologically evaluated until 120 days after inoculation. Independent of the time of sacrifice, the animals were always non-reactors to the footpad test (FPT). At histology, the introduction of L. mexicana in the cheek pouch leads to an abscess that evolves to a granulomatous reaction rich in amastigote forms, and later it leads to resolution, even in the absence of immune response detectable by FPT. Our results demonstrate that the development of immune response is not preponderant for the control of infection induced by L. mexicana inoculated subcutaneously in the cheek pouch of the hamster. It also suggests that the macrophages present in the leishmaniotic granuloma are capable of eliminating this parasite, even in the absence of immune response evaluated by FPT.

Liberdade e tolerância religiosa: "portugueses não católicos" no ultramar do século XIX

The personal legal status of native non catholic people of Portuguese colonial Empire during the nineteenth century, their position in what concerns Portuguese citizenship, is the main subject of this article. While discussing constitutional articles on religion, Portuguese deputies of the nineteenth century were confronted with a set of problems about that status which they find difficult to solve: should non catholic peoples who were born in Portuguese colonial territory be treated as plain Portuguese citizens or where they just “savage people”, “colonial subjects” or, in a more optimistic approach, “civilizing subjects”. The results were not conclusive, giving rise to an “uncertainty principle” which enabled central and local government to decide in an almost casuistic way about native people status and rights.

Estudios ecológicos de Camu-Camu (Myrciaria dubia). I. Producción de frutos en poblaciones naturales.

En 1984 se inició un estudio a largo plazo sobre el crecimento, reproduxxión y dinâmica poblacional del camu-camu (Myrciaria dubia) en Sahua cocha, Rio Ucayali, Perú. El presente artículo describe la biologia floral de la especie y reporta dos años de datos de la producción de frutos. Las flores de M. dubia son hermafroditas pero muestran protógino durante antésis que ayuda a evitar la autofecundación. Los polinizadores mas importantes son dos especies de abejas (Melipona y Trigona). La producción de frutos fue altamente relacionada com el tamaño del individuo ambos em 1984 (r2 = 0.97) y 1985 (r2= 0.99). Se calcula que las poblaciones naturales de la especie producen entre 9.5 y 12.7 toneladas de fruto/ha/año segun las crecientes del Rio Ucayali.

Estudios en las Apocynaceae Neotropicales VI: una nueva especie de Prestonia (Apocynaceae, Apocynoideae) para Brasil

Uma nova espécie de Prestonia R. Br., endêmica dos estados do Acre e Amazonas, Brasil, é descrita e ilustrada e se discute as relações com taxas relacionadas.

Emergencia de la identidad profesional: el caso de la iniciación a la práctica profesional en la formación inicial de profesores

"II Congreso Internacional de Ciencias de la Educación y del Desarrollo. Granada (España), 25-27 de Junio de 2014"

Valores e intereses de los jóvenes que finalizan los estudios secundarios

Los jóvenes que terminan la escuela secundaria, en el momento de terminarla, constituyen un segmento de la juventud de particular interés. Se trata de un grupo importante por cuanto: a) representan el resultado de una étapa básica de la educación: la de la enseñanza obligatoria. b) Incluye a los futuros estudiantes del nivel superior de enseñanza. c) Incluye a los futuros graduados de la educación superior, que alcanzarán posiciones laborales importantes y de liderazgo en diversos ámbitos sociales. En la bibliografía se encuentran estudios de grupos de jóvenes a menudo delimitados en forma imprecisa, definidos demográficamente y de un amplio rango de edades a veces sin especificar. Es objetivo del presente estudio es contribuir a un mejor conocimiento de los jóvenes que terminan la escuela secundaria, en el momento de terminarla. Más concretamente, se procura poner a prueba la validez, en este segmento de la juventud, de algunos enunciados, afirmaciones, conclusiones, hipótesis, teorías o partes de ellas que se han presentado como resultado de diversos estudios (investigaciones, ensayos y reflexiones) referidos a la “juventud” o a “la población general”. El estudio versa sobre percepciones, opiniones, actitudes, expectativas, valoraciones y prácticas de los jóvenes que hacen a las siguientes cuestiones: a) la educación, la escuela y el conocimiento b) la participación cívica y política c) las prácticas relativas a las TICs. d) los valores El estudio se valdrá de una encuesta por muestreo. La población se ha definido como los estudiantes del tercer año de polimodal de la ciudad de Córdoba. La muestra diseñada es aleatoria por conglomerados y multietápica La selección a nivel del conglomerado escuela ha sido estratificada según sector de gestión (estatal o privado). Se contemplan alrededor de 1200 casos. El cuestionario a emplear es autoadministrado, con predominio de preguntas cerradas formuladas (cuando pertinente) de modo de asegurar la comparabilidad con la información proveniente de estudios anteriores.