Studio portrait of Anna Hoch Hauser seated and holding a copy of the book "Geschichten Aus Tirol" by Carl Wolf; Vienna Portraits Women

Digital Image

Studio portrait of Emilie?; Görlitz, Germany Portraits Women

Verso: handwritten dedication signed Emilie

Studio portrait of the sister of Max Rieser; Krakow Portraits Women

Digital Image

Studio portrait of the sister of Max Rieser; Krakow Portraits Women

Digital Image

Emilie Mosse and Anna Ginsberg walking in a park; Cape Martin Portraits; Groups; Women

Digital Image

Birgit Simonis; Apartment in Farsta Portraits Women

Digital Image

Birgit Simonis with portrait of her husband Rudolf Simonis; Farsta Portraits Women

Digital Image

Birgit Simonis; Apartment in Farsta Portraits Women

Digital Image

Threats and Promises: The Promotion of Artificial Lighting to Women Consumers in the United States, 1880s – 1960s

This article examines the development of a specific gendered discourse in the United States in the first half of the twentieth century that united key beliefs about feminine beauty, identity, and the domestic interior with particular electric lighting technologies and effects. Largely driven by the electrical industry’s marketing rhetoric, American women were encouraged to adopt electric lighting as a beauty aid and ally in a host of domestic tasks. Drawing evidence from a number of primary texts, including women’s magazines, lighting and electrical industry trade journals, manufacturer-generated marketing materials, and popular home decoration and beauty advice literature, this study shifts the focus away from lighting as a basic utility, demonstrating the ways in which modern electric illumination was culturally constructed as a desirable personal and environmental beautifier as well as a means of harmonizing the domestic interior.

Gravity-induced coronal plane joint moments in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis

Background Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis is the most common type of spinal deformity, and whilst the risk of progression appears to be biomechanically mediated (larger deformities are more likely to progress), the detailed biomechanical mechanisms driving progression are not well understood. Gravitational forces in the upright position are the primary sustained loads experienced by the spine. In scoliosis they are asymmetrical, generating moments about the spinal joints which may promote asymmetrical growth and deformity progression. Using 3D imaging modalities to estimate segmental torso masses allows the gravitational loading on the scoliotic spine to be determined. The resulting distribution of joint moments aids understanding of the mechanics of scoliosis progression. Methods Existing low-dose CT scans were used to estimate torso segment masses and joint moments for 20 female scoliosis patients. Intervertebral joint moments at each vertebral level were found by summing the moments of each of the torso segment masses above the required joint. Results The patients’ mean age was 15.3 years (SD 2.3; range 11.9 – 22.3 years); mean thoracic major Cobb angle 52° (SD 5.9°; range 42°-63°) and mean weight 57.5 kg (SD 11.5 kg; range 41 – 84.7 kg). Joint moments of up to 7 Nm were estimated at the apical level. No significant correlation was found between the patients’ major Cobb angles and apical joint moments. Conclusions Patients with larger Cobb angles do not necessarily have higher joint moments, and curve shape is an important determinant of joint moment distribution. These findings may help to explain the variations in progression between individual patients. This study suggests that substantial corrective forces are required of either internal instrumentation or orthoses to effectively counter the gravity-induced moments acting to deform the spinal joints of idiopathic scoliosis patients.

Reproduction of oil painting portrait of Judith Danziger nee Nathan Portraits Women

Digital Image

Reproduction of oil painting portrait of Sara Pesche Polack nee Ruben Hirsch Portraits Women

Digital Image

Reproduction of oil painting portrait of Ernestine Salomonsen nee Philip Portraits Women

Digital Image

Ella Hochherr with unidentified woman; Ostende Beach Portraits; Women

Handwritten information on back of photo(s).

Simon Hochherr and Ella Hochherr with two unidentified women; Kohlhof Portraits; Groups

Handwritten information on back of photo(s).