贵州贞丰县水银洞金矿床成矿特征和金的超常富集机制研究

黔西南地区是我国最重要的卡林型金矿床集中区，在该区卡林型金矿床具有断裂型和层控型两大类。断裂型金矿床产于高角度压扭性断裂中，赋矿层位一般为中、下三叠统地层，容矿岩石主要是泥质粉砂岩和粉砂质泥岩。层控型金矿床主要产于上二叠统地层中，容矿岩石主要是不纯的生物碎屑灰岩，背斜控矿明显。由于目前断裂型金矿一研究程度高，而层控型金矿研究程度低．近年来在层控型金矿床中一些大型和特大型矿床以及富矿体和高拮位矿石的新发现，使层控型金矿床成为黔西南卡林型金矿床的重要和具有特征的类型。因此，作者选择了水银洞金矿床这个大型较富的一卜林型金矿床进行系统研究，对其成矿特征和金的超常富集机制获得以下认识：1．金矿床受构造与有利岩性组合的双重控制。金矿床位于灰家堡背斜核部，矿体产在粘土岩叶灰岩一粘土岩组合之灰岩中，以层状·似层状为主。一些低角度的断层控制了少量的断裂型金矿体。2．金矿床具有低温成矿特征，主成矿期流体包裹体的均一温度2约℃士，出现硅化、白云右化、黄铁矿化和粘土化等围岩蚀变，特征的Au-As-11g-Tl元素组合。矿石中Au主要不均匀分布在富砷环带中。纳米金可能是水银洞金矿床金的主要存在形式，并且快速沉淀在几个微米宽的细小黄铁矿中的砷黄铁矿环带和几一卜微米小的热液毒砂中。成矿条件的骤变和黄铁矿的吸附是重要因素。3．成矿流体具有低温低盐度和较高压力和富挥发份的特点，均一温度在220 ℃士，盐度在6士W七％NoCI、，压力为1．6士0．4Kbal＂s，在Vc，I4＋限川j』包裹体中Cll。含量高达63mole％、N：为18nlole％、C0；为19mole％。高压和富挥发份促使成矿流体从深部迁移至控矿背斜核部，并由于断层的作用挥发份的快速逃逸，压力骤降，促使流体快速卸载，一形成金的快速沉淀，形成微细浸染壮的原生金矿石：4．成矿物质主要来自深部。系卿勺岩矿地球化学研究和同位素示踪显示断，成矿一物质可能是燕山期构造岩浆活动形成的成矿流体（慢源铅）上升溶解地壳铅和混入地壳淋滤错大而形成的壳物质的混合；容矿地层均为正常沉积作用形成，． 没有发现具有特殊意义的沉积层（矿源层）；成矿特征元素Au、As、51。、Tl和伴生的其他热液活动元素来自热液的带入，没有证据显示出地层岩石中有大规模的成矿元素迁出。5．区域＿日也壳的活动性，长时期的热状态，有利于大范围内形成超压成矿流体。而地壳的伸展拉张促使了基底早己有的断裂再度复活，并与成矿期断裂一起切穿地壳，为深部超压成矿流体涌入成矿体系提供了必要的通道和热动力条件，使断裂系统就象抽水泵一样，汇聚成矿流体进入地壳上部成矿体系。由于本地区浅层构造的复杂性，导致成矿现象复杂多样，常形成而状矿化，大区域上呈“金三角”。不象羊国西部地区卡林型金矿产出区，金矿在区域上呈线形分布,众多超大型金矿被发现。

黄土中微玻璃陨石和微玻璃球的发现与意义

首次在陆相沉积物－黄土中发现16颗微玻璃陨石和3颗陨石消融型Si-Mg微玻璃球。它们赋存于洛川黄土剖面中B／M界线之上，L8上部层位中，沉降年龄为720000－724000年，与深海岩芯中澳－亚群微玻璃陨石的赋存层位一致。黄土中微玻璃陨石呈球状、椭球状、肾状、滴状及不规则状，颜色以微黄褐色、微黄绿色和浅黄棕色为主，少数为浅绿以；白色及无色透明球粒，粒径在65－220μ之间，多具溶蚀痕迹，但仍可见明显的气孔和凹坑，产发育有流动构造和熔渣构造。据其主量元素成分，黄土中微玻璃陨石可分为三个化学群：普通微玻璃陨石、瓶绿色微玻璃陨石和高铝微玻璃陨石，其化学成分别与深海岩芯中相同类型的微玻璃陨石相同，微量元素含量和特征也极为相似，我们认为，这些黄土中微玻璃陨石属澳－亚散落群。微玻璃陨石具有复杂的母源成分和形成过程。其难熔元素的富集及REE特征，表明有些微玻璃陨石是靶岩难熔组分，甚至近乎长石类矿物的熔融玻璃。系统的成分研究证明，（微）玻璃陨石的母源物质是多来源的，地表土壤可能是被忽略的微玻璃陨石的母源物质之一。深海沉积物和黄土中不同的保存环境，可能也使两种产地的微玻璃陨石产生一定的成分差异。

Separation of acidic compounds by strong anion-exchange capillary electrochromatography

Separation of the acidic compounds in the ion-exchange capillary electrochromatograph (IE-CEC) with strong anion-exchange packing as the stationary phase was studied. It was observed that the electroosmotic flow (EOF) in strong anion-exchange CEC moderately changed with increase of the eluent ionic strength and decrease of the eluent pH, but the acetonitrile concentration in the eluent had almost no effect on the EOF. The EOF in Strong anion-exchange CEC with eluent of low pH value was much larger than that in RP-CEC with Spherisorb-ODS as the stationary phase. The retention of acidic compounds on the strong anion-exchange packing was relatively weak due to only partial ionization of them, and both chromatographic and electrophoretic processes contributed to separation. It was observed that the retention values of acidic compounds decreased with the increase of phosphate buffer and acetonitrile concentration in the eluent as well as the decrease of the applied voltage, and even the acidic compounds could elute before the void time. These factors also made an important contribution to the separation selectivity for tested acidic compounds, which could be separated rapidly with high column efficiency of more than 220 000 plates/m under the optimized separation conditions. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science BN. All rights reserved.

Thioreduction of cyclopentanone and hydrodesulfurization of dibenzothiophene over sulfided nickel or cobalt-promoted molybdenum on alumina catalysts

Two series of sulfided Ni or Co promoted Mo/alumina catalysts, having different Ni or Co loadings, were characterized by their activities for the transformation of cyclopentanone into cyclopentanethiol (flow reactor, 220 degrees C, atmospheric pressure) and for the hydrodesulfurization of dibenzothiophene (flow reactor, 340 degrees C, 3 MPa hydrogen pressure). The addition of the promoter increased significantly the activity of the Mo/alumina catalyst for both reactions, up to a maximum obtained with the catalysts having a (promoter)/(promoter+Mo) molar ratio equal to 0.3-0.4. This increase in activity was due in part to an increase in the hydrogenating properties of the Mo/alumina catalyst. However, an additional modification of the catalyst (basic and nucleophilic properties) must be considered to account for the spectacular effect of the promoter on the rate of the dibenzothiophene direct desulfurization reaction. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

Methane aromatization in the absence of an added oxidant and the bench scale reaction test

A bench scale reaction test for methane aromatization in the absence of an added oxidant was performed and its reaction result evaluated based on the carbon balance of the system. The result was compared with those obtained from the micro-reaction test to ensure the accuracy of the internal standard analyzing method employed in this paper. The catalytic performances of modified Mo/HZSM-5 catalysts were examined. It was found that pre-treatment by steam on HZSM-5 weakened the serious deposition of coke, and pre-impregnation of n-ethyl silicate on HZSM-5 could improve the conversion of CH4, but had little effect on coke formation. A low temperature activation procedure including pre-reduction of the catalyst with methane prevents the zeolite lattice from being seriously destroyed by high valence state Mo species when the Mo loading is high. It was suggested that Mo2C species detected by XRD spectra was the active phase for CH4 aromatization.

本科实习男护生压力源、应对方式与心理健康关系的研究

Objectives:To investigate stressor and stress level,coping styles and mental health of male nursing undergraduates in clinical practice;To find out the factors that influence mental health of male nursing undergraduates in clinical practice and to put forward some suggestions to improve the mental health status of male nursing undergraduates. Methods: After doing many literaturere search both at home and abroad,I gather further consulting many nursing undergraduates in clinical practice,Finally I formulate the “Nursing Student's Clinical Stressor Scale”.80 male nursing ungraduates from Bengbu Medical Colledge were recruited. While 140 female nursing ungraduates who were in clinical practice in the same period of time were taken as a comparative group.The following questionnaire package including a background questionnair,Nursing Student's Clinical Stressor Scale NSCSS,Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire SCSQ,The Symptom Checklist 90 SCL-90 were distributed and collected together in the 14th week during the clinical practice.Of the 220 questionnaires were distributed and 198 were found to valid,the valid callback rate was 92%.The endudeed 77 were male and 121 were female .Statistices analysis was performed by SPSS13.0 and AMOS5.0 software. Results： 1.25% of male nursing undergraduates had a higher level of stress, mainly from employment,major,working nature,working contents and so on.Compared with female nursing undergraduates,male nursing undergraduates underwent a higher pressure in the employment and the profession aspect,but lower in their insufficient knowledge and ability.There was a significant negative correlation between the male undergraduates’ stress level and their satisfaction degree to clinical nursing teaching and the professional title of the clinical teachers,but it was positively correlated with their family monthly income. Stress level of female nursing undergraduates positively related with the number of children in their families,but negatively correlated with their family monthly income; 2.Male nursing undergraduates' coping style both positive and negative coping styles were adopted by male nursing undergraduates but mean at while positive coping styles.The positive coping styles adopted by male nursing undergraduates were significantly lower than that adopted by female nursing undergraduates; 3.The scores of depression,interpersonal sensitivity and anxiety in male nursing undergraduates were significantly higher than those of the nationwide youths norm.Alist all subscales scores of male nursing group were more than those of female nursing undergraduates except for fear subscale. Mental health of male nursing undergraduates was inversly correlated with the professional title of the clinical teachers and satisfaction of their majors; 4.Among male nursing undergraduates,the total score of stress and most subscale(except working nature and working contents,employment)scores of stress were positively correlated with the negative coping styles.The scores of stress level was positively correlated with the scores of SCL-90,Negative coping styles was positively correlated with the scores of SCL-90 among male nursing undergraduates,while positive coping styles were inversly correlated with most subscales(except phobic,paranoia,psychoticism)scores of SCL-90. Conclusions： 1.25% male nursing undergraduates have a higher level of stress,which is from employment, profession,working nature and working contents,financial difficulties and so on.The coping styles adopted by male nursing undergraduates were mainly positive coping styles.The mental health of male nursing undergraduates were lower; 2.Different genders have significant differences between stressors, coping style and mental health; 3.Stress,coping style,satisfaction degree to clinical nursing teaching and the professional title of the clinical teachers are predietors of mental health among male nursing undergraduates.

汉字形音义加工时间进程的事件相关电位（ERP）研究

The time-courses of orthographic, phonological and semantic processing of Chinese characters were investigated systematically with multi-channel event-related potentials (ERPs). New evidences concerning whether phonology or semantics is processed first and whether phonology mediates semantic access were obtained, supporting and developing the new concept of repetition, overlapping, and alternating processing in Chinese character recognition. Statistic parameter mapping based on physiological double dissociation has been developed. Seven experiments were conducted: I) deciding which type of structure, left-right or non-left-right, the character displayed on the screen was; 2) deciding whether or not there was a vowel/a/in the pronunciation of the character; 3) deciding which classification, natural object or non-natural object, the character was; 4) deciding which color, red or green, the character was; 5) deciding which color, red or green, the non-character was; 6) fixing on the non-character; 7) fixing on the crosslet. The main results are: 1. N240 and P240:N240 and P240 localized at occipital and prefrontal respectively were found in experiments 1, 2, 3, and 4, but not in experiments 5, 6, or 7. The difference between the former 4 and the latter 3 experiments was only their stimuli: the former's were true Chinese characters while the latter's were non-characters or crosslet. Thus Chinese characters were related to these two components, which reflected unique processing of Chinese characters peaking at about 240 msec. 2. Basic visual feature analysis: In comparison with experiment 7 there was a common cognitive process in experiments 1, 2, 4, and 6 - basic visual feature analysis. The corresponding ERP amplitude increase in most sites started from about 60 msec. 3. Orthography: The ERP differences located at the main processing area of orthography (occipital) between experiments 1, 2, 3, 4 and experiment 5 started from about 130 msec. This was the category difference between Chinese characters and non-characters, which revealed that orthographic processing started from about 130 msec. The ERP differences between the experiments 1, 2, 3 and the experiment 4 occurred in 210-250, 230-240, and 190-250 msec respectively, suggesting orthography was processed again. These were the differences between language and non-language tasks, which revealed a higher level processing than that in the above mentioned 130 msec. All the phenomena imply that the orthographic processing does not finished in one time of processing; the second time of processing is not a simple repetition, but a higher level one. 4. Phonology: The ERPs of experiment 2 (phonological task) were significantly stronger than those of experiment 3 (semantic task) at the main processing areas of phonology (temporal and left prefrontal) starting from about 270 msec, which revealed phonologic processing. The ERP differences at left frontal between experiment 2 and experiment 1 (orthographic task) started from about 250 msec. When comparing phonological task with experiment 4 (character color decision), the ERP differences at left temporal and prefrontal started from about 220 msec. Thus phonological processing may start before 220 msec. 5. Semantic: The ERPs of experiment 3 (semantic task) were significantly stronger than those of experiment 2 (phonological task) at the main processing areas of semantics (parietal and occipital) starting from about 290 msec, which revealed semantic processing. The ERP differences at these areas between experiment 3 and experiment 4 (character color decision) started from about 270 msec. The ERP differences between experiment 3 and experiment 1 (orthographic task) started from about 260 msec. Thus semantic processing may start before 260 msec. 6. Overlapping of phonological and semantic processing: From about 270 to 350 msec, the ERPs of experiment 2 (phonological task) were significantly larger than those of experiment 3 (semantic task) at the main processing areas of phonology (temporal and left prefrontal); while from about 290-360 msec, the ERPs of experiment 3 were significantly larger than those of experiment 2 at the main processing areas of semantics (frontal, parietal, and occipital). Thus phonological processing may start earlier than semantic and their time-courses may alternate, which reveals parallel processing. 7. Semantic processing needs part phonology: When experiment 1 (orthographic task) served as baseline, the ERPs of experiment 2 and 3 (phonological and semantic tasks) significantly increased at the main processing areas of phonology (left temporal and frontal) starting from about 250 msec. The ERPs of experiment 3, besides, increased significantly at the main processing areas of semantics (parietal and frontal) starting from about 260 msec. When experiment 4 (character color decision) served as baseline, the ERPs of experiment 2 and 3 significantly increased at phonological areas (left temporal and frontal) starting from about 220 msec. The ERPs of experiment 3, similarly, increased significantly at semantic areas (parietal and frontal) starting from about270 msec. Hence, before semantic processing, a part of phonological information may be required. The conclusion could be got from above results in the present experimental conditions: 1. The basic visual feature processing starts from about 60 msec; 2. Orthographic processing starts from about 130 msec, and repeats at about 240 msec. The second processing is not simple repetition of the first one, but a higher level processing; 3. Phonological processing begins earlier than semantic, and their time-courses overlap; 4. Before semantic processing, a part of phonological information may be required; 5. The repetition, overlapping, and alternating of the orthographic, phonological and semantic processing of Chinese characters could exist in cognition. Thus the problem of whether phonology mediates semantics access is not a simple, but a complicated issue.