高1,2-聚丁二烯及通用橡胶的流变性质

采用多速粘度计和Monsanto试验机联用,在表观剪切速率为3×10~(-8)—2.5×10~8s~(-1)时观察了高1,2-聚丁二烯(PB)生胶与顺式1,4-PB,EPDM,SBR 1500在流变性质上的差异。高1,2-PB虽在中等剪切速率下有较高的粘度,但在低、高剪切速率时的粘度均较低,这一特性有利于它的加工。高1,2-PB在低剪切速率下的流动活化能较其他橡胶高,故抗冷流性能优越,易于存放。

ABF_4: Eu~(2+)和A_2SiF_6: Eu~(2+)中Eu~(2+)的光谱结构

合成了Eu~(2+)激活的ABF_4和A_2SiF_6(A=Na、K、Rb、Cs)复合氟化物磷光体,得到了与ASTM一致的结晶学数据,在这些体系中都观察到了Eu~(2+)的f→跃迁锐峰发射,其中NaBF_4:Eu~(2+)和Na_2SiF_6:Eu~(2-)中Eu~(2+)所处基质晶格的配位数较低。

DBC-偶氮氯膦-溴代十六烷基三甲铵分光光度法测定锆

本文详细研究了锆与DBC—偶氮氯膦及溴代十六烷基三甲铵形成三元配合物的最佳条件。其最大吸收峰为650nm,表观摩尔吸光系数为6.3×10~4。配合物显色反应的允许酸度较高,选择性较好,测定10μg锆时的两价金属离子和钨、钼等高价离子可允许存在毫克量。在750nm波长测定时,可避免较大量钙、钡和稀土,钍等元素的干扰,该体系应用于各种合金中锆的测定,取得了满意的结果。

(Ce,Gd,Mn)MgB_5O_(10)磷光体的合成及其发光

本文采用固相反应的方法合成了一系列(Ce,Gd,Mn)MgB_5O_(10)磷光体。观察到合成温度、灼烧时间、原料配比对磷光体的形成和发光亮度有重要影响。X射线衍射分析表明,磷光体结构与LaMgB_5O_(10)相同,属单斜晶系、空间群P2_(1/c)。用EPR确定了磷光体中锰离子为二价。测定了(Ce_(0.2)La_(0.2))MgB_5O_(10),(Gd_(0.7)La_(0.3))MgB_5O_(10),(Mn_(0.05)La_(0.95))MgB_5O_(10),(Ce_(0.2)Mn_(0.05)La_(0.75))MgB_5O_(10),(Gd_(0.95)Mn_(0.05))MgB_5O_(10)、(Ce_(0.2)Gd_(0.8))MgB_5O_(10)和(Ce_(0.2)Gd_(0.75)Mn_(0.05))MgB_5O_(15)等磷光体的光谱。根据光谱数据讨论了(Ce_(0.2)Gd_(0.75)Mn_(0.05))MgB_5O_(10)磷光体中能量传递过程为:Ce~(3+)→Mn~(2+),Gd~(3+)→Mn~(2+)以及Ce~(3+)→Gd~(3+)→Mn~(2+),其中Ce~(...

超高灵敏显色反应及其应用的研究——镉-乙基罗丹明B-碘化物体系

本文介绍了镉-乙基罗丹明B-碘化物超高灵敏显色体系,确定了分光光度测定痕量镉的条件,时反应机理作了初步讨论。方法的灵敏度很高,表观摩尔吸光系数可达1.3×10~6。拟定了直接测定水样和硫酸锌试剂中镉的方法,检测下限分别为0.5ppb和1×10~(-5)％。

On SAR wind speed ambiguities and related geophysical model functions

Recent investigations show that normalized radar cross sections for C-band microwave sensors decrease under high wind conditions with certain incident angles instead of increase, as is the case for low to moderate wind speeds. This creates the problem of ambiguities in high wind speed retrievals from synthetic aperture radar (SAR). In the present work, four geophysical model functions (GMFs) are studied, namely the high wind C-band model 4 (CMOD4HW), C-band model 5 (CMOD5), the high wind vertical polarized GMF (HWGMF_VV), and the high wind horizontal polarized GMF (HWGMF_HH). Our focus is on model behaviours relative to wind speed ambiguities. We show that, except for CMOD4HW, the other GMFs exhibit the wind speed ambiguity problem. To consider this problem in high wind speed retrievals from SAR, we focus on hurricanes and propose a method to remove the speed ambiguity using the dominant hurricane wind structure.

牙鲆与大黄鱼卵黄囊期发育阶段生化与能量代谢研究

于1999年5－6月间在实验室内对暖温性底层鱼类褐牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)和暖水性近底层鱼类大黄鱼(Pseudosciaena crocea)进行了自受精卵开始到早期仔鱼的发育生态学实验。褐牙鲆和大黄鱼的培育温度分别为17.4±0.3 ℃和23.2±0.3 ℃，盐度均为31±0.2‰，遮光静养。通过测定其受精卵细胞的干重、湿重、卵黄和油球体积以及细胞发育过程中的耗氧率、氨排泄率、铵离子含量、游离氨基酸、蛋白质、总脂、脂肪酸等参数的变化（大黄鱼仅限于卵黄和油球体积、耗氧率、氨排泄率、铵离子含量、游离氨基酸和蛋白质），分析不同发育阶段的生化代谢和能量代谢特征；结合已有的研究成果，比较鱼类发育能量学的基本规律。结果表明：1．在受精卵分裂和胚体发育中，褐牙鲆和大黄鱼均呈现明显的铵离子累积现象，其间产生的氨一部分排到环境中，另一部分在卵中积累，孵化时随着卵膜的破裂而排出，导致氨排泄率出现一个峰值。2．游离氨基酸是早期发育阶段的一个重要能源物质，分别构成了褐牙鲆能量代谢的35％和大黄鱼能量代谢的28％。此外，在受精卵发育阶段，游离氨基酸还被用来合成蛋白质，所以在受精卵发育阶段，蛋白质非但不减少，还会有明显的增加。3．在孵化前后，伴随着卵膜的破裂和卵周液的流失，干重和蛋白质含量均有明显的减少。4．卵黄囊期仔鱼早期阶段，蛋白质含量略有增加，这说明还有一部分的游离氨基酸被合成了蛋白质。其后，蛋白质含量呈现下降趋势，表明蛋白质也已被用做能源物质。5．褐牙鲆受精卵中最主要的多不饱和脂肪酸是DHA和EPA，二者合计占多不饱和脂肪酸总量的86％。比较油球体和总脂含量的变化特征，不难发现脂肪酸主要是位于油球中。这说明来自油球的脂类是褐牙鲆仔鱼在这个阶段的主要能源物质，来自油球的中性脂肪NL的脂肪酸FA是从孵化到开口这段时间主要的能源物质。磷脂PL的脂肪酸FA只是被很少的利用（为中性脂肪NL的30％）。6．游离氨基酸FAA是褐牙鲆与大黄鱼在受精发育阶段最重要的能源物质，而在孵化后来自油球的中性脂肪NL的脂肪酸NLFA被用做主要能源物质，蛋白质则是在开口之前就用做能源物质，但其作用还不是很大。主要能源物质的转变可以从氮熵NQ的变化看出来，氮熵呈现一种先降低后升高的态势。但就整个早期发育阶段来说，无氮的脂类所起的作用更大一些。分解的主要中性脂肪酸是那些含量最丰富的种类，而与他们的饱和度无关。7．褐牙鲆从卵受精后8小时到仔鱼开口，能够将卵黄消耗的焓的59.7％转化为生长（P），有43.6％因代谢而散失，还有极少部分0.4％因排汇而丢失。有一定的实验误差在里面。8．褐牙鲆是适温较低的暖温性底层鱼类，卵子较小，发育时水温较低，发育较慢；大黄鱼是适温较高的暖水性近底层鱼类，卵子较大，发育时水温较高，发育较快，所以褐牙鲆与大黄鱼在早期发育阶段所采取的能量对策是不一样的。褐牙鲆游离氨基酸占总的能量代谢的35％，而大黄鱼只占28％，相对而言，暖水性鱼类比暖温性鱼类更为依赖脂类，氨基酸所起的作用相对较小一些。9．依据已有研究成果，不难得出：鱼类早期发育过程中主要能源物质变化和能量代谢牲征有物种特异性。对于含一个油球的鱼类来说，基于脂肪的能量代谢是重要的；而对于不含油球的鱼类来说，氨基酸的作用更为重要一些。这些研究对于仔鱼在开口时营养成分的确定及满足、死亡率以及生活史特征具有十分重要的科学价值。

氨氮对海湾扇贝（Argopecten irradians）胚胎及幼虫的毒性影响

作者以海湾扇贝胚胎和幼虫为材料，研究了氨氮的毒性影响。氨氮对海湾扇贝胚胎孵化率为EC50为1.97ppm总氨氮（相当于0.094ppm非离子氨）。氨氮对早D形幼虫、平均壳长110μ的D形幼虫和壳顶幼虫的96小时LC50分别为6.33、7.84和5.25总氨氮（相当于0.302、0.374和0.251ppm非离子氨）。氨氮对幼虫生长、眼点发生和变态的EC50分别为4.04、2.10和2.67ppm总氨氮（相当于0.193、0.10和0.127ppm非离子氨）。实验结果表明，海湾扇贝早期D形幼虫对氨氮毒性的耐受力比壳长较大的D形幼虫的耐受力低，但壳顶幼虫的耐受力最低。海湾扇贝在胚胎发育期和幼虫眼点发生与变态期对氨氮的毒性作用非常敏感。

海洋微藻产生溶解有机物及东海溶解有机物三维荧光特征研究

本文通过胶州湾围隔实验、微藻培养实验研究了海洋微藻产生溶解有机物的三维荧光特性，并初步利用经验正交函数对三维荧光光谱图进行了主成分分析，通过东海取样研究了东海荧光溶解有机物的时空分布特征，并对荧光溶解有机物的来源进行了分析。得到了一些初步结论： 胶州湾围隔实验中不同营养盐培养结果表明浮游植物可产生类蛋白和类腐殖质荧光，类蛋白荧光峰由类酪氨酸(tyrosine-like)荧光峰和类色氨酸(tryptophan-like)荧光峰组成，主要位置为Exmax/Emmax=270nm/290~310nm，Exmax/Emmax= 270~290/320~350的荧光峰强度比较弱；在Exmax/Emmax=250~260/380~480nm(A峰)、Exmax/Emmax=310~320/380~420nm(C峰)和Exmax/Emmax=330~350/420~480nm(M峰)位置均出现零散的类腐殖质荧光峰，其中以A峰为主。类酪氨酸荧光强度明显高于类腐殖质荧光强度。浮游植物量降低时，类酪氨酸荧光强度与叶绿素a浓度呈明显的负相关。硅藻和甲藻产生的类酪氨酸和类色氨酸荧光强度之间具有较好的相关性，两者来源相似, 并且甲藻与硅藻相比能够产生更多的类蛋白荧光物质。不同环境下类腐殖质混合物的组分比例不同，甲藻生长环境下相对于硅藻具有较低的A:C比值。 在实验室培养中肋骨条藻（Skeletonema costatum）、塔玛亚历山大藻（Alexandrium tamarense）、微小亚历山大藻（Alexandrium mimutum）、锥状斯氏藻（Scrippsiella trochoidea）、东海原甲藻（Prorocentrum donghaiense）及海洋原甲藻（Prorocentrum micans）的实验结果表明，微藻在生长过程中产生出荧光溶解有机物，中肋骨条藻为代表的硅藻主要产生类腐殖质荧光物质，而甲藻在指数增长期主要产生类蛋白荧光物质。进入消亡期后类蛋白荧光和类腐殖质荧光强度迅速增大，原因可能是衰老、死亡藻细胞的破碎释放出大量的荧光有机物质所致，此外还有细菌对非荧光有机物进一步降解。塔玛亚历山大藻、微小亚历山大藻、东海原甲藻及海洋原甲藻的类蛋白荧光强度在消亡后期由于细菌降解或光降解等因素而降低。同属微藻产生的荧光物质相似，例如塔玛亚历山大藻与微小亚历山藻、东海原甲藻与海洋原甲藻，但具体荧光峰位置有所不同。利用经验正交函数能够对三维荧光光谱谱图进行主成份分析。 在利用三维荧光光谱法研究长江口海域台风前后不同站位荧光溶解有机物荧光特性及分布特征的结果表明，长江口海区主要的荧光溶解有机物荧光峰为T峰、S峰和A峰。风前和风后的类色氨酸分别来源于相似物质。风前，在表层浮游植物能够产生类蛋白荧光物质，而底层类蛋白荧光物质不受浮游植物的影响，长江冲淡水能够带来部分类蛋白荧光物质；表层的类腐殖质不受浮游植物的影响，而底层的浮游植物在降解过程中能够产生一部分类腐殖质，并且长江冲淡水对表层和底层的类腐殖质来源均有很大贡献。风后，表层的类色氨酸与叶绿素a浓度不呈相关性，而底层却呈正相关，另外表层和底层的类色氨酸均受到长江冲淡水的影响；表层和底层的类腐殖质与叶绿素a均没有相关性，但受陆源影响显著，长江冲淡水能带来类腐殖质。

Holosticha hamulata n. sp and Holosticha heterofoissneri Hu and Song, 2001, two urostylid ciliates (Protozoa, Ciliophora) from intertidal sediments of the Yellow Sea

Two marine urostylid ciliates, Holosticha hamulata n. sp. and Holosticha heterofoissneri Hu and Song, 2001, were investigated using live observation and protargol impregnation. Both species were isolated from Korean intertidal sediments of the Yellow Sea. Holosticha hamulata measures about 150 x 25 pro in vivo, and is characterized by a tripartite body shape with a narrow head, an inflated trunk, and a tail that distally projects ventrally forming a hook-like structure. It is the characteristic body shape that distinguishes H. hamulata distinctly from congeners. Holosticha hamulata differs from H. heterofoissneri, possibly the nearest relative, also by the location of the contractile vacuole (ahead of mid-body versus near posterior body third) and the configuration of the macronucleus (on average, 33 scattered nodules assuming a Y-shape versus 17 nodules that may form a U shape). The average number of the macronuclear nodules is a pronounced feature showing great consistency in populations of each species. However, their arrangement is variable in H. heterofoissneri where the nodules are basically scattered or connected by fine fibers forming an elongate U-shape. The location of the contractile vacuole as a taxonomic feature is discussed and a dichotomous key to the species of Holosticha sensu stricto is provided.

Inheritance of 15 microsatellites in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas: segregation and null allele identification for linkage analysis

Microsatellites were screened in a backcross family of the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas. Fifteen microsatellite loci were distinguishable and polymorphic with 6 types of allele-combinations. Null alleles were detected in 46.7% of loci, accounting for 11.7% of the total alleles. Four loci did not segregate in Mendelian Ratios. Three linkage groups were identified among 7 of the 15 segregating loci. Fluorescence-based automated capillary electrophoresis (ABI 310 Genetic Analyzer) that used to detect the microsatellite loci, has been proved a fast, precise, and reliable method in microsatellite genotyping.

Antioxidant activities of sulfated polysaccharide fractions from Porphyra haitanesis

Three sulfated polysaccharide fractions (F1, F2, and F3) were isolated from Porphyra haitanesis, an important economic alga in China, through anion-exchange column chromatography and their in vitro antioxidant activities were investigated in this study. Galactose was the main sugar unit of the three fractions. The analytical results indicated that polysaccharide fractions from P. haitanesis had similar chemical components to porphyran from other species, but differed in their high sulfate content. The sulfate content of F1, F2 and F3 was 17.4%, 20.5% and 33.5% respectively. All three polysaccharide fractions showed antioxidant activities. They had strong scavenging effect on superoxide radical, and much weaker effect on hydroxyl free radical. Lipid peroxide in rat liver microsome was significantly inhibited, and H2O2 induced hemolysis of rat erythrocyte was partly inhibited by F1, F2 and F3. Among them, F3 showed strongest scavenging effect on superoxide radical; F2 had strongest effect on hydroxyl radical and lipid peroxide.

Study on corrosion simulation device for marine structural steel

A corrosion simulation device was studied using offshore long scale hanging specimens. An Ni-Cu-P steel specimen was studied by analysing its corrosion products and corrosion types. The appearance of the samples and the surface of the metallic substrate after the removal of the rust layer produced by these two methods were observed and compared after 470 days of exposure. The phase structure of the corrosion products under different marine environments were analysed and compared. It further indicated good correlation between the electrically connected hanging specimen method and the long scale hanging specimen method.

第三届"全国野生动物生态与资源保护学术研讨会"在上海召开

由中国动物学会兽类学分会、中国生态学会动物生态学专业委员会、中国野生动物保护协会主办,野生动物保护协会(WCS)、国际爱护动物基金会(IFAW)协办,华东师范大学、华东师范大学生命科学学院和华东师范大学生态学国家级重点学科联合承办的"第三届全国野生动物生态与资源保护学术研讨会"于2006年10月25-29日在上海市召开.本届研讨会受到了全国广大兽类学工作者、动物生态学工作者和野生动物保护工作者的热切关注和大力支持,来自全国84个科研院所、高等院校和野生动物保护管理部门的近300多名代表参加了这次盛会.