Cartulaire de l'abbaye de Silly (dioc. de Sées).

Acquis le 14 mars 1837 de M. Collet pour le prix de 400 francs; cf. B.n.F., département des Manuscrits, registre des acquisitions 1833-1848, n° 2026; cf. Delisle, Cab. des mss., II, 294.

Pharmacogenetics of CYP1A2 activity and inducibility in smokers and exsmokers.

BACKGROUND: There is a high interindividual variability in cytochrome P4501A2 (CYP1A2) activity and in its inducibility by smoking, only poorly explained by known CYP1A2 polymorphisms. We aimed to study the contribution of other regulatory pathways, including transcription factors and nuclear receptors, toward this variability. METHODS: CYP1A2 activity was determined by the paraxanthine/caffeine ratio in 184 smokers and in 113 of them who were abstinent for 4 weeks. Participants were genotyped for 22 polymorphisms in 12 genes. RESULTS: A significant influence on CYP1A2 inducibility was observed for the NR1I3 rs2502815 (P=0.0026), rs4073054 (P=0.029), NR2B1 rs3818740 (P=0.0045), rs3132297 (P=0.036), AhR rs2282885 (P=0.040), rs2066853 (P=0.019), NR1I1 rs2228570 (P=0.037), and NR1I2 rs1523130 (P=0.044) polymorphisms. Among these, the NR1I3 rs2502815 (P=0.0045), rs4073054 (P=0.048), and NR2B1 rs3818740 (P=0.031) also influenced CYP1A2 basal activity. CONCLUSION: This is the first in-vivo demonstration of the influence of genes involved in CYP1A2 regulatory pathways on its basal activity and inducibility by smoking. These results need to be confirmed by other studies.

Cerebrospinal fluid soluble amyloid-β protein precursor as a potential novel biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease.

In this report, we confirm our previous findings of increased concentrations of soluble amyloid-β protein precursor (sAβPP) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in a large cohort of patients (n = 314), not overlapping with those of our previous study, and we extend our observations by including a control group of participants with normal cognition. In addition, we investigate the effects of age, the APOEε4 genotype, and the blood-CSF barrier function on the concentrations of sAβPPα and sAβPPβ. The study participants were categorized according to clinical-neuropsychological criteria, supported by CSF neurochemical dementia diagnostics (NDD) analyses. sAβPPα concentrations in the AD group (132.0 ± 44.8) were significantly higher than in the control group (105.3 ± 37.3, p < 0.0005) but did not differ from the MCI-AD group (138.5 ± 39.5, p = 0.91). The MCI-AD group differed significantly from the MCI-O (97.3 ± 34.3, p < 0.05) group. There was no difference between the control and the MCI-O groups (p = 0.94). Similarly, sAβPPβ concentrations in the AD group (160.2 ± 54.3) were significantly higher than in the control group (129.9 ± 44.6, p < 0.005) but did not differ from the MCI-AD group (184.0 ± 56.4, p = 0.20). The MCI-AD group differed significantly from the MCI-O (127.8 ± 46.2, p < 0.05) group. There was no difference between the control and the MCI-O groups (p > 0.99). We observed highly significant correlation of the two sAβPP forms. Age and the CSF-serum albumin ratio were significant albeit weak predictors of the sAβPPα and sAβPPβ concentrations, while carrying the APOEε4 allele did not influenced the levels of the sAβPP forms. Taken together, the results strongly suggest that CSF sAβPP concentrations may be considered as an extension of already available NDD tools.

The impact of authority advice and accountability on auditors' decision to recognise norm-violating transactions.

Auditors face the difficult responsibilty to approve companies' financial accounting information reliably. They are trained to work according to accounting standards that are designed to help them in their decision making. Yet, auditors do not work in a social vacuum and are thus subject to various influences. One important source of influence at work is authority figures (e.g., experts, supervisors). On this background, we examined within two studies the impact of (1) authority advice to comply with accounting standards or to additionally maximize profits and (2) of participants' accountability for their decision. In Study 1, (n = 184 accounting students), participants who were advised by an authority to comply with accounting standards had a lower probability to recognise transactions that violated those standards than participants who were advised to comply but also to maximise profit. However, holding participants accountable for their decision reduced the difference between the two groups. In Study 2, (n = 58 managers), we again found an interaction between authority advice and accountability. But unlike the first study, participants only showed a lower probability to recognise transactions that violated accounting standards when they were held accountable and when the authority only advised them to comply with the standards. We discuss our results in light of unethical decision making and different norms or pressures to which managers may be exposed but students may not.

Eugenol como anestésico para a tilápia-do-nilo

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o eugenol como anestésico para a tilápia-do-nilo. Para a concentração ideal, foram avaliados seis tratamentos (50, 75, 100, 150, 200 e 250 mg L-1), com dez peixes por tratamento, anestesiados individualmente, acompanhados durante a indução e recuperação. A toxicidade foi estimada pela submissão de 210 peixes a 7 concentrações de eugenol (50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300 mg L-1), durante 600 s e, para a margem de segurança, 120 peixes foram submetidos a 75 mg L-1 durante cinco intervalos de tempo (600, 1.200, 1.800 e 2.400 s). As concentrações eficientes foram 50 e 75 mg L-1. Os valores de toxicidade letal (CL), aos 600 s, foram: CL01, 81,97 mg L-1; CL50, 184,26 mg L-1; e CL99, 286,55 mg L-1; e os tempos de concentrações letais (TCL) foram: TCL01, 566,97 s; TCL50, 1.611,66 s; e TCL99, 2.656,34 s. Concluiu-se que 75 mg L-1 são suficientes para a anestesia profunda de curta duração, com margem de segurança de 484,27 s, e 50 mg L-1 para longos períodos (600 s). A maior concentração terapêutica do eugenol custa R$ 0,065 por litro de água. A eutanásia pode ser realizada com 286,55 mg L-1 durante 600 s.

Un regard bayesien sur les modèles dynamiques de la macroéconomie

http://alize.finances.gouv.fr/prevision/revue/resumes/ep183184/pdf/rsf183184a6.pdf

Seletividade dos herbicidas setoxidim, isoxaflutol e bentazon a espécies arbóreas nativas

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a sensibilidade de espécies nativas usadas em recuperação de áreas degradadas aos herbicidas setoxidim, isoxaflutol e bentazon. As espécies estudadas foram Senna multijuga, Guazuma ulmifolia e Croton urucurana. Os tratamentos de herbicida consistiram de uma testemunha (sem aplicação) e aplicação de um quarto, metade, uma vez, duas vezes e quatro vezes a dose recomendada. As doses recomendadas são 184 g ha-1 de setoxidim, 37,5 g ha-1 de isoxaflutol e 720 g ha-1 de bentazon. Avaliaram-se os sintomas de fitotoxicidade, crescimento em altura, acréscimo no número de folhas e massa de matéria seca de folhas. Em outros experimentos, as doses recomendadas dos mesmos herbicidas foram aplicadas em outras 22 espécies arbóreas nativas, nas quais avaliou-se a massa de matéria seca de folhas. O delineamento experimental dos experimentos foi o inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições. Cada parcela experimental se constituiu de uma muda em estádio inicial de desenvolvimento. Os herbicidas não provocaram a morte das mudas, embora todas tenham apresentado sintomas de fitotoxicidade. A aplicação de isoxaflutol reduziu a massa de matéria seca das folhas em 20% das espécies, a aplicação de bentazon, em uma espécie, e a aplicação de setoxidim não reduziu a massa de matéria seca das folhas de nenhuma espécie.

Physiological requirements in triathlon

This article aims to present the current knowledge on physiological requirements in Olympic distance and Ironman triathlon. Showing the data available from a "traditional point of view" (aerobic power, anaerobic threshold, heart rate, running economy) and from a "contemporary" point of view (V̇O2 kinetics), it emphasises where we are currently and the areas that remain unknown.

Efficacy and safety of aripiprazole in the treatment of bipolar disorder: a systematic review.

Abstract BACKGROUND: The current article is a systematic review concerning the efficacy and safety of aripiprazole in the treatment of bipolar disorder. METHODS: A systematic Medline and repositories search concerning the usefulness of aripiprazole in bipolar disorder was performed, with the combination of the words 'aripiprazole' and 'bipolar'. RESULTS: The search returned 184 articles and was last updated on 15 April 2009. An additional search included repositories of clinical trials and previous systematic reviews specifically in order to trace unpublished trials. There were seven placebo-controlled randomised controlled trials (RCTs), six with comparator studies and one with add-on studies. They assessed the usefulness of aripiprazole in acute mania, acute bipolar depression and during the maintenance phase in comparison to placebo, lithium or haloperidol. CONCLUSION: Aripiprazole appears effective for the treatment and prophylaxis against mania. The data on bipolar depression are so far negative, however there is a need for further study at lower dosages. The most frequent adverse effects are extrapyramidal signs and symptoms, especially akathisia, without any significant weight gain, hyperprolactinaemia or laboratory test changes.

Déficit en vitamine D et fractures

Introduction: Le déficit en vitamine D est un facteur de risque de fracture par ses effets osseux et extra osseux. En Suisse, 49,7% des patientes ostéoporotiques ont un déficit en vitamine D. L'objectif de ce travail était d'analyser le statut vitaminique D des patients hospitalisés pour fracture en fonction de la saison, du type de fracture et des caractéristiques individuelles. Méthode: Nous avons dosé la vitamine D des patients hospitalisés au CHUV pour une fracture entre le 1er novembre 2008 et le 31 juillet 2009 et vus dans le cadre de la filière de la fracture. Définition: insuffisance (10 et 30 μg/l) et carence (<10 μg/l) en vitamine D. Résultats: Le taux moyen de vitamine D était de 16,2 μg/l chez les 184 patients (femmes 86%, âge moyen 76ans). 167 patients (91%) avaient une insuffisance et 70 (38%) une carence. 59 patients bénéficiaient d'une supplémentation vitamino-calcique. Leur taux moyen était significativement plus élevé que ceux ne bénéficiant pas de supplémentation (22,9 vs 13,1 μg/l; p <0,05). Les proportions d'insuffisance (74,6% vs 94,4%) et de carence (3,4% vs 54,4%) étaient significativement plus basses. Le taux de vitamine D n'était pas différent entre les fractures traumatiques et non traumatiques (13,9 vs 16,4 μg/l; p = 0,4). Les patients avec une fracture de l'humérus avaient un taux plus bas que lors d'une autre fracture (9,0 vs 16,7 μg/l; p = 0,032). En distinguant les périodes hivernale et estivale, il n'existait pas de différence (16,13 vs 16,34; p = 0,90), ni en terme de carence (38% vs 37,9%; p = 0,99) ou d'insuffisance (86,7% vs 89,9%; p = 0,51). Aucune différence n'a été mise en évidence en fonction des classes d'âge (de 40 à >90 ans) ou du sexe. Les taux moyens de vitamine D étaient significativement plus bas lors d'IMC <18,5 ou >35. Conclusion: Cette analyse souligne l'importance du déficit en vitamine D dans une population de patients fracturés. Elle met en lumière le risque particulier couru par les patients aux deux extrêmes de l'IMC. Par ailleurs, les patients avec une supplémentation ont des taux sanguins de vitamine D insuffisants traduisant ou une compliance insuffisante ou la nécessité de prescrire des doses plus élevées.

Chirurgie du pied et de la cheville rhumatoïdes [Surgery of the rheumatoid foot and ankle]

Surgery of the rheumatoid foot and ankle Initial presentation of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) will be foot and ankle symptoms in 20% of cases. Eventually, 50-90% of patients will develop foot and ankle alterations. Typical deformities of the forefoot include hallux valgus and dorso-lateral dislocation of the lesser metatarso-phalangeal joints. RA involvement of the hindfoot frequently leads to plano-valgus deformity. Approximately 20% of surgery performed for RA is done at the foot and ankle. Early surgery is efficient against pain and deformity. Patient's satisfaction rate after surgery is high despite a slight higher complication rate compared to conventional foot and ankle surgery.

Hépatite D

L'hépatite D chronique est la forme la moins fréquente, mais la plus sévère des hépatites virales chroniques. L'hépatite D ne s'observe qu'en combinaison avec une infection par le virus de l'hépatite B (HBV). Chaque patient dont l'antigène HBsAg est positif doit être mis au bénéfice d'un dépistage sérologique à la recherche d'une co-infection par le virus de l'hépatite D (HDV). Une hépatite D chronique doit être plus particulièrement recherchée dans les situations suivantes: hépatite active avec HBsAg positif et HBV DNA faible ou indétectable, exacerbation d'une hépatite B chronique avec anticorps IgM anti-HBc négatif, hépatite B aiguë sévère ou fulminante. Le traitement actuel consiste en l'administration d'interféron-a pégylé. Ce traitement n'est cependant curatif que chez 20% des patients environ. Une transplantation hépatique doit être envisagée chez les patients ayant une cirrhose avancée ou un carcinome hépatocellulaire d'extension limitée. Les mesures préventives contre l'hépatite D sont les mêmes que celles contre l'hépatite B.