Apresentação das lesões mamárias císticas à ultra-sonografia utilizando a elastografia

OBJETIVO: Demonstrar a apresentação mais freqüente das lesões mamárias císticas utilizando a elastografia e discutir a sua aplicabilidade. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: A casuística compôs-se de 150 pacientes encaminhadas para realização de biópsia mamária percutânea com 175 lesões. Foram excluídas as lesões com diagnóstico histológico de lesões sólidas (153 lesões) e incluídas as lesões com características císticas à histologia (22 lesões), incluindo cistos complicados, lesões papilíferas, lesões inflamatórias, hiperplasia de células colunares típica e ectasia ductal. Estas lesões foram classificadas de forma retrospectiva por meio da elastografia, conforme escores criados pelos autores, variando de 1 a 4. RESULTADOS: Das 22 lesões encaminhadas, 13 (59%) correspondiam a cistos, uma (4,6%) a ectasia ductal, duas (9,2%) a lesões inflamatórias, cinco (22,6%) a lesões papilíferas e uma (4,6%) a hiperplasia de células colunares. Foram encontrados 17 escores 2, quatro escores 3, um escore 4 e nenhum escore 1, com especificidade de 95%. CONCLUSÃO: As lesões císticas mamárias têm diferentes apresentações à elastografia, conforme o resultado histológico, sendo este um método útil para a sua diferenciação e de fácil aplicabilidade na clínica diária.

Peatlands and plantations in Sumatra, Indonesia : Complex realities for resource governance, rural development and climate change mitigation

Peatlands play a crucial role in Indonesia's economic development, and in its stated goal of reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Improved peatland management - including a national moratorium on the granting of any new conversion licenses - forms a cornerstone of Indonesia's climate change mitigation commitment. At the same time, rapid expansion of the plantation sector is driving wide-scale drainage and conversion of peat swamp ecosystems. The province of Riau, in central Sumatra, finds itself at the crossroads of these conflicting agendas. This essay presents a case study of three islands on Riau's east coast affected by industrial timber plantation concessions. It examines the divergent experiences, perceptions and responses of communities on the islands. A mix of dramatic protests, localised everyday actions and constructive dialogue has succeeded in delaying or perhaps halting one of the concessions, while negotiations and contestation with the other two continue. With the support of regional and national non-governmental organisations and local government, communities are pursuing alternative development strategies, including the cultivation of sago, which requires no peat drainage. While a powerful political economy of state and corporate actors shapes the contours of socio-environmental change, local social movements can alter trajectories of change, promoting incremental improvements and alternative pathways.

Association between parental history and genetic risk scores for coronary heart disease prediction: The population-based CoLaus study.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Parental history (PH) and genetic risk scores (GRSs) are separately associated with coronary heart disease (CHD), but evidence regarding their combined effects is lacking. We aimed to evaluate the joint associations and predictive ability of PH and GRSs for incident CHD. METHODS: Data for 4283 Caucasians were obtained from the population-based CoLaus Study, over median follow-up time of 5.6 years. CHD was defined as incident myocardial infarction, angina, percutaneous coronary revascularization or bypass grafting. Single nucleotide polymorphisms for CHD identified by genome-wide association studies were used to construct unweighted and weighted versions of three GRSs, comprising of 38, 53 and 153 SNPs respectively. RESULTS: PH was associated with higher values of all weighted GRSs. After adjustment for age, sex, smoking, diabetes, systolic blood pressure, low and high density lipoprotein cholesterol, PH was significantly associated with CHD [HR 2.61, 95% CI (1.47-4.66)] and further adjustment for GRSs did not change this estimate. Similarly, one standard deviation change of the weighted 153-SNPs GRS was significantly associated with CHD [HR 1.50, 95% CI (1.26-1.80)] and remained so, after further adjustment for PH. The weighted, 153-SNPs GRS, but not PH, modestly improved discrimination [(C-index improvement, 0.016), p = 0.048] and reclassification [(NRI improvement, 8.6%), p = 0.027] beyond cardiovascular risk factors. After including both the GRS and PH, model performance improved further [(C-index improvement, 0.022), p = 0.006]. CONCLUSION: After adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors, PH and a weighted, polygenic GRS were jointly associated with CHD and provided additive information for coronary events prediction.

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy and extrapleural pneumonectomy (EPP) of malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) with or without hemithoracic radiotherapy: final results of the randomized multicenter phase II trial SAKK17/04.

Aim: We have previously documented the feasibility of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and EPP in a multicenter trial of MPM (Weder, Ann Oncol 18: 1196, 2007). The objectives of the trimodality trial SAKK17/04 (NCT00334594) were to evaluate the time to loco-regional relapse with or without high dose hemithoracic radiotherapy in a prospective multicenter randomized phase II trial in patients with R0 and R1 resection after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and EPP. Methods: Eligible patients had pathologically confirmed MPM, surgically resectable TNM stage (T1-3 N0-2 M0), PS0-1, ages 18-70 years. Part 1 had a phase II design, and included neoadjuvant chemotherapy with 3 cycles of cisplatin and pemetrexed, followed by restaging and EPP. The primary endpoint of part 1 was complete macroscopic resection (R0-1). Part 2 randomized consenting patients with R0-1 resection into two parallel phase II arms (control arm A and radiotherapy arm B). The primary endpoint for part 2 was loco-regional relapse-free survival (RFS). To detect a 1 year increase with 80% power and 10% alpha, 37 patients were needed for arm B. Secondary endpoints included operability, tolerability of chemotherapy and radiotherapy, survival, and translational research Results: Because accrual of part 2 was slower than planned, the trial was stopped in 2013. Overall, 153 patients entered the trial, of whom 125 underwent surgery and 99 had a complete macroscopic resection (primary endpoint part 1). Of the later patients, 54 could be randomized 1:1 into each arm. Reasons for non-randomization included patient refusal in 24 and ineligibility or protocol deviations in 21. Of the 27 patients randomized to hemithoracic radiotherapy, 25 completed the treatment as planned. For part 1 the median RFS was 8.8 (95%CI: 7.3-10.7) and median OS was 15.0 (95% CI: 12.1-19.3) months. For part 2 the median local RFS for group A was 7.6 (95%CI: 5.5-10.7) and for group B 9.4 (95%CI: 6.5-11.9) months (primary endpoint part 2), while the overall RFS and OS for group A were 5.7 (95%CI: 3.5-8.8) and 16.9 (95%CI: 10.7-23.6) months and for group B 7.6 (95% CI:5.2-10.6) and 14.9 (95%CI: 7.0-17.6) months. Conclusions: This study did not reach the primary endpoint which was defined as one-year increase in loco-regional relapse-free survival and thus does not support the routine use of hemithoracic RT after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and EPP. Disclosure: All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.

Molecular profiling of non-small cell lung cancer by histologic subtype

Background: A substantial proportion of NSCLC has been shown to harbour specific molecular alterations affecting tumour proliferation and resulting in sensitivity to inhibition of the corresponding activated oncogenic pathway by targeted therapies. Comprehensive tumor profiling can diagnose such alterations and may identify new alterations opening additional treatment options for all distinct NSCLC subtypes. Methods: Over 6,700 non-small cell lung cancer cases referred to Caris Life Sciences between 2009 and 2014 were evaluated; clinical diagnoses and detailed tumor pathology were collected from referring physicians. Specific profiling was performed per physician request and included a combination of sequencing (Sanger, NGS or pyrosequencing), protein expression (IHC), gene amplification/rearrangement (CISH or FISH), and/or RNA fragment analysis within potential cancer-related genes and pathways. Results: Patients were grouped into cohorts according to histological subtype - adenocarcinoma (AD) (n=4,286), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) (n=1,280), large cell carcinoma (LCC) (n=153) and bronchioalveolar carcinoma (BAC) (n=94). Protein overexpression of cMET (>2+ in >50% cells) was higher in AD (35.9%) compared to other subgroups (12-20%) while RRM1 and TOP2A levels were lower in AD. ALK or ROS1 were rearranged in 5.3% of patients with AD compared to 3.7% of patients with LCC and 1.2% of patients with SCC. EGFR mutations were found at low prevalence in both the LCC (0%) and SCC cohorts (2.8%) compared to 21% in AD. Similar lower rates of BRAF mutations were observed in the LCC and SCC cohorts compared to AD (0%, 1.1% and 5.1%). Pathway analysis showed activating mutations in the ERK pathway in 40% of patients with AD. Only 10-12% of patients with LCC or SCC had activating mutations in the ERK pathway. Conclusions: Despite the limitations of this retrospective series, we report comprehensive profiling of the largest cohort of NSCLC. Tumor profiling reveals that ADs may be more addicted to the ERK pathway than other histological subtypes. Drugs which target cMET may also have most utility in AD. Full analysis by histological subtype and additional correlative data on protein expression, gene copy number and mutations will be presented.

Long-term persistence of immunity induced by OVA-coupled gas-filled microbubble vaccination partially protects mice against infection by OVA-expressing Listeria.

Vaccination aims at generating memory immune responses able to protect individuals against pathogenic challenges over long periods of time. Subunit vaccine formulations based on safe, but poorly immunogenic, antigenic entities must be combined with adjuvant molecules to make them efficient against infections. We have previously shown that gas-filled microbubbles (MB) are potent antigen-delivery systems. This study compares the ability of various ovalbumin-associated MB (OVA-MB) formulations to induce antigen-specific memory immune responses and evaluates long-term protection toward bacterial infections. When initially testing dendritic cells reactivity to MB constituents, palmitic acid exhibited the highest degree of activation. Subcutaneous immunization of naïve wild-type mice with the OVA-MB formulation comprising the highest palmitic acid content and devoid of PEG2000 was found to trigger the more pronounced Th1-type response, as reflected by robust IFN-γ and IL-2 production. Both T cell and antibody responses persisted for at least 6 months after immunization. At that time, systemic infection with OVA-expressing Listeria monocytgenes was performed. Partial protection of vaccinated mice was demonstrated by reduction of the bacterial load in both the spleen and liver. We conclude that antigen-bound MB exhibit promising properties as a vaccine candidate ensuring prolonged maintenance of protective immunity.

Procedural Results and Clinical Outcomes of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation in Switzerland: An Observational Cohort Study of Sapien 3 Versus Sapien XT Transcatheter Heart Valves.

BACKGROUND: New generation transcatheter heart valves (THV) may improve clinical outcomes of transcatheter aortic valve implantation. METHODS AND RESULTS: In a nationwide, prospective, multicenter cohort study (Swiss Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation Registry, NCT01368250), outcomes of consecutive transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve implantation patients treated with the Sapien 3 THV (S3) versus the Sapien XT THV (XT) were investigated. An overall of 153 consecutive S3 patients were compared with 445 consecutive XT patients. Postprocedural mean transprosthetic gradient (6.5±3.0 versus 7.8±6.3 mm Hg, P=0.17) did not differ between S3 and XT patients, respectively. The rate of more than mild paravalvular regurgitation (1.3% versus 5.3%, P=0.04) and of vascular (5.3% versus 16.9%, P<0.01) complications were significantly lower in S3 patients. A higher rate of new permanent pacemaker implantations was observed in patients receiving the S3 valve (17.0% versus 11.0%, P=0.01). There were no significant differences for disabling stroke (S3 1.3% versus XT 3.1%, P=0.29) and all-cause mortality (S3 3.3% versus XT 4.5%, P=0.27). CONCLUSIONS: The use of the new generation S3 balloon-expandable THV reduced the risk of more than mild paravalvular regurgitation and vascular complications but was associated with an increased permanent pacemaker rate compared with the XT. Transcatheter aortic valve implantation using the newest generation balloon-expandable THV is associated with a low risk of stroke and favorable clinical outcomes. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01368250.

The genetic basis of color-related local adaptation in a ring-like colonization around the Mediterranean.

Uncovering the genetic basis of phenotypic variation and the population history under which it established is key to understand the trajectories along which local adaptation evolves. Here, we investigated the genetic basis and evolutionary history of a clinal plumage color polymorphism in European barn owls (Tyto alba). Our results suggest that barn owls colonized the Western Palearctic in a ring-like manner around the Mediterranean and meet in secondary contact in Greece. Rufous coloration appears to be linked to a recently evolved nonsynonymous-derived variant of the melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) gene, which according to quantitative genetic analyses evolved under local adaptation during or following the colonization of Central Europe. Admixture patterns and linkage disequilibrium between the neutral genetic background and color found exclusively within the secondary contact zone suggest limited introgression at secondary contact. These results from a system reminiscent of ring species provide a striking example of how local adaptation can evolve from derived genetic variation.

Nuoria maanpuolustajia vai suomalaisia lapsisotilaita? : keskustelua

Keskustelua. Kommentti artikkeliin: Nuoria maanpuolustajia vai suomalaisia lapsisotilaita? / Seija-Leena Nevala-Nurmi // Historiallinen aikakauskirja. 104 (2006) : 2, s. 153-162

Le bien-être spirituel des personnes nouvellement diagnostiquees d'un cancer en début de traitement : étude descriptive correlationnelle

Problématique. Le cancer touche beaucoup de personnes en Suisse et un grand nombre en décèdent encore. Recevoir une telle annonce plonge le malade dans une crise spirituelle qui bouleverse complètement sa vie. L'incertitude de son avenir, la sensibilisation à sa finitude sont exacerbées par la proximité de la mort et par les symptômes du cancer: combien de temps les malades vont-ils encore vivre ? Qu'adviendra-t-il de leur corps désormais confronté aux symptômes du cancer et à ses traitements? Les professionnels de la santé s'attacheraient davantage au bien-être spirituel des personnes en phase palliative et peu d'études se sont intéressées au bien-être spirituel des personnes en début de traitement au moment d'une telle nouvelle. But. Décrire le bien-être spirituel des personnes nouvellement diagnostiquées d'un cancer en début de traitement, explorer sa relation avec les symptômes du cancer et l'interdépendance des différentes variables. Méthode. Cette recherche descriptive corrélationnelle a été conduite auprès de 30 patients recrutés selon un échantillonnage de convenance dans un centre d'oncologie ambulatoire situé dans un hôpital universitaire suisse. Les données ont été recueillies au moyen d'un formulaire de données sociodémographiques et de santé ainsi que de deux instruments de mesure: ESAS (Edmonton Symptom Assessment System) (Bruera, Kuehn, Miller, Selmser, & Macmillan, 1991) et FACIT-Sp-12 (Functional Assessment of Chronic Ilness Therapy-Spiritual Well- Being) (Canada, Murphy, Fitchett, Peterman, & Schover, 2008). Le premier a permis de mesurer les symptômes du cancer et le second, le bien-être spirituel. Les données ont été traitées par des analyses descriptives et corrélationnelles avec le logiciel STATA Version 11. Résultats. Les répondants étaient représentés en majorité par des femmes (73%) atteintes d'un cancer du sein (60%). La plupart des participants étaient croyants (97%) de confession catholique (50%), protestante (47%) ou musulmane (3%). Sur un rang de 0 à 48, la plupart des participants ont présenté un niveau de bien-être spirituel élevé (M=36,5 ; ĒT=6,6). Les dimensions de ce dernier atteignaient également de très bon scores : sur un rang de 0 à 16, la dimension sens affichait la moyenne la plus élevée (M=14,2 ; ĒT=1,9), suivie de celle de paix (M=12,1 ; ĒT=2,7) et finalement de celle de foi (M=10,2 ; ĒT=3,2). Le bien-être spirituel était lié significativement à l'âge (p= 0,04), à la dépression (p= 0,01) et au mal-être (p= 0,02) : être jeune, présenter des symptomatologies dépressives et de mal-être influencent négativement le bien-être spirituel des malades. Conclusions. Dépister précocement la dépression et le mal-être des personnes qui surgissent souvent à la révélation du cancer est important. Il faut se soucier particulièrement du bien-être spirituel des personnes âgées et les accompagner dans leur quête de sens singulière par la prière, l'abnégation, le récit de vie, les relations avec l'entourage, l'introspection, pour adoucir l'incertitude de l'avenir et la mouvance identitaire qui composent désormais leur quotidien.

Le Constitutionnel : journal politique et littéraire

1816/06/01 (Numéro 153).

Le Constitutionnel : journal politique et littéraire

1817/06/02 (Numéro 153).

De usu artium dicendi

Arkit: A4 B2.

Biodegradação de alcoóis, ftalatos e adipatos em um solo tropical contaminado

The adipic and phthalic acid esters are plasticizers, have low water solubility, high partition octanol/water coefficients (Kow) and accumulate in soil and sediments. These compounds are considered teratogenic, carcinogenic and endocrine disruptors chemicals. This study evaluated the bioremediation of tropical soil contaminated with plasticizers process wastes, in aerobic conditions, with and without introduction of acclimated bacteria. It was selected 200 kg of contaminated tropical soil for the biodegradation study. The plasticizers concentrations in soil ranged between 153 mgDOA/kg up to 15552 mgDIDP/kg and after 90 days of biodegradation, the lower removal efficiencies were 72% with a 1-2 log simultaneous bacterial growth.