猕猴毛发皮质醇测量方法探索

毛发是评估下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴(HPA轴)慢性活性变化很好的样品,毛发皮质醇的提取方法非常重要.为保证毛发皮质醇提取过程的可靠性,实验使用了液氮冷冻研磨:设计了空白对照组(磷酸缓冲液(PBS))(n=3)、原管组(n=10)和新管组(n=10),以检验缓冲液、离心管对提取的潜在干扰;对同一动物样品(n=16)两次独立提取的结果及毛发皮质醇浓度与受到的极端攻击量(血浆皮质醇浓度的间接指标)(n=16)进行了Pearson相关分析.结果表明:空白对照组测量结果为0pg/mg:新管浓度值与原管无显著性差异(F(1,19)=0.041,P=0.843,one-wayANOVA);两次独立提取结果高度正相关(r=0.893,P=0.000);皮质醇浓度与受到的极端攻击量中度正相关(r=0.591,P=0.008).因此,离心管、缓冲液对实验没有显著性干扰,溶液中皮质醇来源于毛发样品;提取操作流程可靠,所得数据可信.

懒猴能量需求的研究

三组成年懒猴(Nycticebus coucang bengalensis)日均摄入量能值分别为210.19kJ/kG, 177.222kJ/kG和161.608kJ/kG; 日均消化能分别为191.89kJ/kG, 155.131kJ/kG 和146.783kJ/kG。据统计学方差及t测验分析表明:I—Ⅱ组之间和I—Ⅲ之间的日 均摄食量能值及日均消化能均有显著性差异。实验结果表 明: I组所饲喂的配 合饲料的组成优于Ⅱ、Ⅲ组并可做为懒猴 的长期用配方。表4参8

黑长臂猿的分布、现状与保护

黑长臂猿(H y lobates concolor) 是现生11 种长臂猿中其系统地位最低的灵长类。历史时期 长臂猿曾广泛分布在我国南部的大部省区。自公元4 世纪以来, 它们的分布发生了很大变化。分 布区从北到南, 从东到西急剧缩小, 现黑长臂猿缩小到只在海南岛、云南南部和越南北部, 已 分化为6 个亚种。分布于我国的5 亚种中, 海南亚种(H. c. hainanus) 现今仅20 余只, 是最 濒危的一个亚种; . 北部湾亚种(H. c. nasu tus) 50 年代曾在广西西南部发现, 60- 70 年代已绝 迹; 指名亚种(H. c. concolor) 主要分布于越南北部、滇南和滇中哀牢山。滇南约有100 余只, 滇中哀牢山可能有40- 60 群, 180- 240 只; 景东亚种(H. c. j ing d ong ensis) 为滇中无量山的 特有亚种, 现有100- 116 群, 430- 500 只; 滇西亚种(H. c. f u rvog aster) , 只分布在滇西南的 沧源、镇康、云县和耿马等地, 约有26- 42 群, 100- 150 只。现今, 黑长臂猿的分布区已不足 1 000Km 2, 总数量约1 000 只, 为高度濒危的灵长类动物。造成黑长臂猿濒危的主要原因是: 热 带和南亚热带原始森林的被破坏和缩小、人类活动的干扰使生境破碎和恶化、过度猎捕和长臂 猿自身的生物学弱点。目前, 中国的黑长臂猿已在9 个自然保护区中得到保护。

三黄果蝇(Drosophila trilutea)近黄果蝇(D. paralutea)的有丝分裂中期染色体

用产于日本的D. paralutea和产于昆明的D. trilutea三龄幼虫的脑神经节作染色体制片,进行C-带染色观察。其正常染色体与亚组种D. takahashil的染色体十分相似,染色体数均为2n=8。发现在所有的分裂细胞中几乎都包含1对微小染色体。图4参1

鱇(鱼良)白鱼线粒体DNA控制区结构和种群遗传多样性分析

用特异性引物对鱇(鱼良)白鱼(Anabarilius grahami)DNA进行PCR扩增,获得了鱇(鱼良)白鱼线粒体DNA控制区基冈全序列(930bp).控制区T、C、A和G碱基组成为29.8%、22.5%、33.0和14.7%.对照其他已报道的鱼类控制区结构,对鱇(鱼良)白鱼控制区结构进行了分析,识别了其终止序列区、中央保守区和保守序列区,找到了终止相关的序列TAS以及保守序列(CSB-F、CSB-D、CSB-1、CSB-2、CSB-3).同时运用DNA分析软件对鱇(鱼良)白鱼一个驯养种群(中国科学院昆明动物研究所珍稀鱼类繁育中心)及两个自然地理种群(江川县明星鱼洞、江川县牛摩村)进行了遗传多样性分析.结果显示:两个自然种群存在较强基因交流,未出现遗传分化;人工驯养种群遗传多样性最高,种群复壮程度较好.

Biology and distribution of grouper (Epinephelus coioides) in province waters (Abadan Bhrakan)

This survay has been done from Januray 2000 till May 2002 in Khouzestan costal waters. Four species of grouper were identified from which orange spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides) was the dominant species. For studing environmental parameters and reproductive biology, age, growth parameters and mortality rate samples were collected by fishing ship. Samples were taken montly in 4 days by fishing traps and trawls. In addition, some samples were obtained from Khozestan fish landing centres. Environmental factors such as PH, 02, salinity, water temperature and depth of traping areas, were measured. To identify species, morphometric characteries of 452 individal fishes were measured. Stomach contents of 394 fish were has survaid, from which stomach of 226 fish, and 168 fish had empty stomachs. Percentage of empty stomachs (cv) in males was more than females. Food items found in 73 percent of stomach were crab (11%), shrimps (8.8%) , squids (3.9%), gastropods (17%) and bivalves (0.4%). Feeding intensity in year classes did not obay logic trends The importance relatively indicator (I.R.I) were 81, 9.9, 4, 1.5 and 0.3 percent for fish, crab, shrimp, squid, gastropod and bivalve respectively. For age determination, sagita otoliths of 450 fish were taken and countable sections were obtained from 425 specimens. Relative frequency distribution of opaque and transparent rings showed that each opaque growth ring generates once a year from November to September. It seemed that generation of opaque rings is affected by temperature and photoperiod changes. Correlation between length and age was calculated using Von Bertalanffy's least square method. Following equasion was obtaind: L(t) : 122.27 (1 e 0.146 (t+0.482)) Growth parameters were determined through by Ford Walford equasion and Response Surface and Shepherd subcommands in Elefan program and L00 and K amounts were have determined. Correlation between length and age of 635 fish was determined by gender . Length and age correlation was calculated by exponential model and between total length and standard length by straghit line model. Correlation between age and weight of sagita was calculated by total length and age. The most Correlation was between sagita weight and fish age (r=0.876). Total mortality rate (z) was estimated by Length Converthed Method , Jones and Vanzaling and Powel Wetherall. Total mortality rate was z=0.39. Natural mortality rate, using Pauly method was calculated M=0.32. Fishing mortality (F) was 0.08. Gonads of 425 fishes were surveid within 18 month, from which 363 were female, 46 were male and 16 were sex reversing individuals .Total length of females varied from 26 to 95.5 centimeters while males length varied from 56.5 to 107 centimeters. Sex reversing individuals had a length of 47.5 centimeters, when two years old and 62.5 centimeters at age of 3 years. From the mentioned 425 fish, 401 individuals were matured, containing 339 females and 62 males, 5.47 females against each male. Montly changes of Gonadosomatic Index (GSI) by total body weight and standard length and total body length showed that this index increases from march to May and maximum increase was in May . This experiment was adapted in spawning season. Potential, relative, and absoulate fecundity was estimated by counting eggs in three samples. Total amount of traped fish using special traps was 16182.18 kg from which Epinephelus coioides provided catching 15353.43 kg of it (91.27 %) and By catch was 141.18 kg (8.24 %). Total average CPUE for whole catch was 123.33 kg/day/vessel. Total amount of catch was estimated 232.04 tons, considering CPUE of total catch and total Khuzestan trap ships effort.

中国澜沧江南鳅属鱼类一新种

2001 年7 月,于澜沧江下游支流勐腊县境内的南腊河中采获一尾南鳅属( Schistura) 鱼类标本,经鉴定为一新 种。命名为版纳南鳅( S . bannaensis sp. nov. ) 。其主要鉴别特征:侧线完全;尾鳍叉形,两叶稍尖,下叶稍长于上叶; 胸腹鳍均较短小,胸鳍长约为胸鳍和腹鳍基部起点之间距离的一半;腹鳍末端后伸不达肛门,其长约为腹鳍基部至 臀鳍基部起点之间距离的一半;颊部无斑;体侧有4 个醒目的棕褐色宽横斑,由背部延伸至腹面;横斑显著,在侧线 以下较窄,其宽度等于或小于斑纹间距;在侧线以上较宽,其宽度远大于斑纹间距;沿体侧无黑色纵纹。

Genetic diversity and origin of Chinese cattle revealed by mtDNA D-loop sequence variation

To determine the origin and genetic diversity of Chinese cattle, we analyzed the complete mtDNA D-loop sequences of 84 cattle from 14 breeds/populations from southwest and west China, together with the available cattle sequences in GenBank. Our results sh

The challenge of Lake Chilwa

Lake Chilwa and its environs present a unique challenge to science for two reasons: 1. The welfare of its people and the fish and crops on which they depend on incomes as well as subsistence are dominated by the vagaries of the periodic rise and fall of the lake. Inyears of high level the lake provides a relatively good living for the people of the plain and the fish is a major source of dietary protein for the densely populated Shire Highlands. Fish catches and fish consumption decline in years of low lake level. Could knowledge of the biology of the lake and the hydrology of the lake basin assist in stabilizing the fishing industry? 2. The area is underdeveloped, with the traditional matrilineal way of life, but it has considerable potential for a fishing industry, for agriculture, for livestock, for bird preservation and tourism and possibly, at some future date, for minerals. How can these interests be reconciled and in what order should developments take place?