Karta Kr.A.S.S.R. uchastkov zemli otvedennykh KOMZET'u

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Structural Studies of Analgesics and Their Interactions. VIII.* Rotational Isomerism and Disorder in the Crystal Structure of Meelofenamie Acid

Meclofenamic acid, C I4HIICI2NO2, probably the most potent among analgesic fenamates, crystallizes in the triclinic space group P1, with a = 8.569 (5), b = 8.954(8), c -- 9.371 (4) A, ct = 103.0 (2), fl -- 103.5 (2), y = 92.4 (2) ° , Z = 2, D m = 1.43 (4), D c = 1.41 Mg m -3. The structure was solved by direct methods and refined to R = 0.135 for 1062 observed reflections. The anthranilic acid moiety in the molecule is nearly planar and is nearly perpendicular to the 2,6-dichloro-3-methylphenyl group. The molecules, which exist as hydrogen-bonded dimers, have an internal hydrogen bond involving the imino and the carboxyl groups. The methyl group is disordered and occupies two positions with unequal occupancies. The disorder can be satisfactorily explained in terms of the rotational isomerism of the 2,6-dichloro-3-methylphenyl group about the bond which connects it to the anthranilic acid moiety and the observed occupancies on the basis of packing considerations.

Thermal activation parameters for low temperature deformation of alpha-hafnium

Abstract is not available.

The status of entrepreneurship education in Australian universities

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide an analytical overview of the current state of entrepreneurship education (EE) in Australia; placing emphasis on programs, curricula and entrepreneurship ecosystems. Design/methodology/approach The authors performed a contextual review of the literature by delineating entrepreneurship education programs, the entrepreneurial ecosystem and EE learning and teaching. The review was enhanced by a systematic collection of data from higher education institutions web sites, depicting the prevailing situation of entrepreneurship programs, courses, subjects and their ecosystems. Findings A number of interesting findings emerged from this study. From a curricular perspective, Australian universities offer 584 subjects related to entrepreneurship. This includes dominance at undergraduate level, representing 24 minors/majors and specializations in entrepreneurship. In total, 135 entrepreneurship ecosystems were identified. Research limitations/implications This paper presents findings from university web sites and as such requires introspection to validate individual university offerings. Practical implications The study provides the status of EE in Australia, and may guide academic and policy decision makers to further develop entrepreneurship initiatives. Originality/value This paper provides the first analytical overview of EE in Australia and paves the way for further evaluation.

The Structure of Monosodium Phosphoenolpyruvate

CDH406P-.Na +.H20 , M r = 208.0, is monoclinic, Cc, a = 11.423 (2), b = 23.253 (5), c - 6.604 (1) A, fl = 123.63 (1) °, U = 1460.6 A 3, D x =. 1.89 Mg m -a, Z = 8, 2(Mo Ka) = 0.7107 A, p(Mo Ka) = 0.44 mm -~, F(000) = 840. Final R = 0.063 for 1697 reflections.The two crystallographically independent molecules of phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) (A and B) are almost mirror images of each other, the mirror being the planar enolpyruvate group. The torsion angle C(3)-C(2)- O(1)-P(1) is 122.6 in A and -112.0 ° in B, in contrast to -209.1 ° in PEP.K. The enolic C(2)-O(1) has a partial double-bond character [1.401 (A), 1.386A (B)]. The high-energy P~O bond (1.595 and 1.610A) is comparable to that in PEP.K (1.612 A). Na(1) has six nearest neighbours while Na(2) has only five. The Na + ions are involved in binding only the phosphates of different molecules, in contrast to the K ÷ ion in PEP. K, which binds to both the phosphate and carboxyl ends of the same molecule. The planar carboxyl groups stack on each other at an average distance of 3.2 A instead of forming hydrogen-bonded dimers usually found in carboxylate structures.

2,6-Lutidine-N-oxide complexes of rare-earth bromides

2,6-Lutidine-N-oxide (LNO) complexes of rare-earth bromides of the composition $$MBr_3 .(LNO)_{4_{ - n} } .nH_2 O$$ wheren = l for M = La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Ho, Er; andn = 0 for M = Y have been prepared and characterised by analyses, conductance and infrared data. Infrared spectra of the complexes indicate that the coordination of ligand to the metal ion takes place through the oxygen of the ligand, and the water molecule in the complexes present is coordinated to the metal. A coordination number of seven has been suggested to all the rare-earth metal ions.

The new binary pulsar and the observation of gravitational spin precession

The possibility of observing gravitational spin precession due to spin-orbit coupling in a binary pulsar system is considered. An analysis is presented which can aid in delineating the relevant physical effects from pulse-structure data. In this analysis, it is assumed that the pulsar radiation emanates from a cone whose axis is tilted with respect to the axis of rotation. It is found that the time-averaged pulse width and polarization sweep vary periodically with time and that this variation has a periodicity of the order of the spin-precession frequency averaged over a complete revolution. It is concluded that for an orbital period of about 180 years, it suffices to measure polarization data with an accuracy of a few parts in 100 over a period of six months to a year in order to uncover the effects of spin precession. The consistency of the analysis is checked, and the calculations are applied to a recently discovered binary pulsar.

Managing reforestation to sequester carbon, increase biodiversity potential and minimize loss of agricultural land

Reforestation will have important consequences for the global challenges of mitigating climate change, arresting habitat decline and ensuring food security. We examined field-scale trade-offs between carbon sequestration of tree plantings and biodiversity potential and loss of agricultural land. Extensive surveys of reforestation across temperate and tropical Australia (N = 1491 plantings) were used to determine how planting width and species mix affect carbon sequestration during early development (< 15 year). Carbon accumulation per area increased significantly with decreasing planting width and with increasing proportion of eucalypts (the predominant over-storey genus). Highest biodiversity potential was achieved through block plantings (width > 40 m) with about 25% of planted individuals being eucalypts. Carbon and biodiversity goals were balanced in mixed-species plantings by establishing narrow belts (width < 20 m) with a high proportion (>75%) of eucalypts, and in monocultures of mallee eucalypt plantings by using the widest belts (ca. 6–20 m). Impacts on agriculture were minimized by planting narrow belts (ca. 4 m) of mallee eucalypt monocultures, which had the highest carbon sequestering efficiency. A plausible scenario where only 5% of highly-cleared areas (<30% native vegetation cover remaining) of temperate Australia are reforested showed substantial mitigation potential. Total carbon sequestration after 15 years was up to 25 Mt CO2-e year−1 when carbon and biodiversity goals were balanced and 13 Mt CO2-e year−1 if block plantings of highest biodiversity potential were established. Even when reforestation was restricted to marginal agricultural land (<$2000 ha−1 land value, 28% of the land under agriculture in Australia), total mitigation potential after 15 years was 17–26 Mt CO2-e year−1 using narrow belts of mallee plantings. This work provides guidance on land use to governments and planners. We show that the multiple benefits of young tree plantings can be balanced by manipulating planting width and species choice at establishment. In highly-cleared areas, such plantings can sequester substantial biomass carbon while improving biodiversity and causing negligible loss of agricultural land.

Fracture Behavior of Multidirectional DCB Specimen: Higher-Order Beam Theories

Mathematical models, for the stress analysis of symmetric multidirectional double cantilever beam (DCB) specimen using classical beam theory, first and higher-order shear deformation beam theories, have been developed to determine the Mode I strain energy release rate (SERR) for symmetric multidirectional composites. The SERR has been calculated using the compliance approach. In the present study, both variationally and nonvariationally derived matching conditions have been applied at the crack tip of DCB specimen. For the unidirectional and cross-ply composite DCB specimens, beam models under both plane stress and plane strain conditions in the width direction are applicable with good performance where as for the multidirectional composite DCB specimen, only the beam model under plane strain condition in the width direction appears to be applicable with moderate performance. Among the shear deformation beam theories considered, the performance of higher-order shear deformation beam theory, having quadratic variation for transverse displacement over the thickness, is superior in determining the SERR for multidirectional DCB specimen.

Information technology and its changing roles to economic growth and productivity in Australia

In this paper we describe our investigation of the role of investment in information technology (IT) on economic output and productivity in Australia over a period of about four decades. The framework used in this paper is the aggregate production function, where IT capital is considered as a separate input of production along with non-IT capital and labour. The empirical results from the study indicate the evidence of robust technical progress in the Australian economy in the 1990s. IT capital had a significant impact on output, labour productivity and technical progress in the 1990s. In recent years, however, the contribution of IT capital on output and labour productivity has slowed down. Regaining the IT capital productivity therefore remains as a key challenge for Australia, especially in the context of greater IT investment in the future.

Purification and properties of a DNA polymerase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv

DNA polymerase has been purified approximately 2000-fold from Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv. The purified preparation was homogeneous by electrophoretic criteria and has a molecular weight of 135 000. The purified enzyme resembles Escherichia coli polymerase I in its properties, being insensitive to sulfhydryl drugs and possessing 5′,3′-exonuclease activity in addition to polymerase and 3′,5′-exonuclease activities. However, it differs from the latter in its sensitivity to higher salt concentration and DNA intercalating agents such as 8-aminoquinoline. The polymerase exhibited maximal activity between 37–42°C and pH 8.8–9.5. The polymerase was stable for several months below 0°C. However, the 5′,3′-exonuclease activity was more labile. The effects of different metal ions, polyamines and drugs on the polymerase activity are presented.

Development and psychometric properties of the DCDDaily: a new test for clinical assessment of capacity in activities of daily living in children with developmental coordination disorder

Objective To develop the DCDDaily, an instrument for objective and standardized clinical assessment of capacity in activities of daily living (ADL) in children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD), and to investigate its usability, reliability, and validity. Subjects Five to eight-year-old children with and without DCD. Main measures The DCDDaily was developed based on thorough review of the literature and extensive expert involvement. To investigate the usability (assessment time and feasibility), reliability (internal consistency and repeatability), and validity (concurrent and discriminant validity) of the DCDDaily, children were assessed with the DCDDaily and the Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2 Test, and their parents filled in the Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2 Checklist and Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire. Results 459 children were assessed (DCD group, n = 55; normative reference group, n = 404). Assessment was possible within 30 minutes and in any clinical setting. For internal consistency, Cronbach’s α = 0.83. Intraclass correlation = 0.87 for test–retest reliability and 0.89 for inter-rater reliability. Concurrent correlations with Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2 Test and questionnaires were ρ = −0.494, 0.239, and −0.284, p < 0.001. Discriminant validity measures showed significantly worse performance in the DCD group than in the control group (mean (SD) score 33 (5.6) versus 26 (4.3), p < 0.001). The area under curve characteristic = 0.872, sensitivity and specificity were 80%. Conclusions The DCDDaily is a valid and reliable instrument for clinical assessment of capacity in ADL, that is feasible for use in clinical practice.