球形核139Ce和过渡区核189Pt高自旋态能级结构研究

本论文主要包括以下两部分： 利用能量为50 MeV的 12 C 束流，通过反应 130 Te( 12 C,3n)产生了 139 Ce 的高自旋态。 基于标准在束核谱学实验方法，利用由14套BGO（AC）HPGe 探测器组成的探测器阵 列，进行了X- γ -t和 γ - γ -t符合测量，更新并扩展了 139 Ce 的高自旋能级纲图。139 Ce 的能级结构具有球形原子核的典型特征，其高自旋态是由单粒子激发形成的。本文利用 经验壳模型计算了 139 Ce 的多准粒子激发态能量，研究了其高自旋激发态的多准粒子特 性。 利用能量为88和95 MeV的 18 O 束流，通过重离子熔合蒸发反应 176 Yb( 18 O,5n)，布 居了 189 Pt 的高自旋激发态。实验采用 GEMINI γ射线探测器阵列，进行了X- γ -t 和 γ - γ -t 符合测量。基于γ - γ符合关系、γ射线相对强度、强度平衡原理和交叉跃迁等 信息，建立了新的 189 Pt 高自旋态能级纲图。实验观测到基于 1 13/2 i υ − ， 5/23/2 () f p υ 和 2 13/25/23/2 () ifp υυ − 组态的转动带以及多准粒子激发能级。其中， 1 13/2 i υ − 带的优惠和非优惠旋 称分支分别被扩展到 49/2+ 和31/2+ 能级。本工作利用三轴粒子-转子模型分析了基于 1 13/2 i υ − ， 5/23/2 () f p υ 组态的转动带性质，分析了它们波函数的主要成分，并建议它们分别 具有三轴形变和长椭形变。实验上发现结构非常相近的两个能级序列，我们建议它们具 有 2 13/25/23/2 () ifp υυ − 组态。第一次利用粒子-转子模型计算了这个基于三准粒子组态的转动 带能级能量，很好地再现了实验结果，并建议此带具有扁椭形变。由于与这个组态相应 的 Nilsson 轨道量子数显示了赝自旋量子数特征，我们建议此三准粒子组态转动带为赝 自旋伙伴带。

奇奇核166,168Lu和奇中子核87Zr高自旋态的实验研究

本论文主要进行了奇奇核~(166)Lu、~(168)Lu和奇中子核~(87)Zr的高自旋态的研究工作，对它们高自旋态的一些物理现象进行了讨论。并且首次对1／2~-[541](direct X)vi_(13/2)组态带的系统学规律进行了总结。主要由以下三个部分组成：~(166,168)Lu高自旋态的研究在最近有关形变奇奇核高自旋态的研究工作中，随着实验上π1／2-[541](direct X)vi_(13/2)带自旋的确定，人们发现除了130区的兀h_(11/2)(direct X)vh_(11/2)和160区的兀h_(11/2)(direct X)vi_(13/2)组态带低自旋旋称反转以外，π1／2~-[541](direct X)vi_(13/2)带的低自旋也是反转的，该转动带低自旋旋称反转现象引起了人们的很大的兴趣并得到很广泛的研究，为了通过π1／2~-[541](direct X)vi_(13/2)带与已知自旋和宇称的基态和一些低激发态相连，确定该转动带的自旋，人们付出了很大的努力。特别是最近几年，一些实验上自旋的确定，使得研究π1／2~-[541](direct X)vi_(13/2)组态带低自旋旋称反转的系统学规律成为可能。需要指出的是在以前的研究结果中，~(166)Lu的π1／2~-[541](direct X)vi_(13/2)组态带的能级摆动规律与相邻奇奇核该组态带的能级摆动规律严重不符，澄清该疑点是我们重新研究该核的主要动力之一。在以前~(168)Lu的研究工作中，只在~(168)Lu中发现两个带，但其中只有晕带的组态得到指定，根据带结构和旋称劈裂的大小估计另一个带极有可能是π1／2~-[541](direct X)vi_(13/2)带。为了澄清以上这些疑点和得到π1／2~-[541](direct X)vi_(13/2)组态带的系统学规律，我们重新研究了。~(166,168)Lu的高自旋态。另外(h_(11/2)_p(i_(13/2))_n组．态带的低自旋旋称反转是一个广为人知的物理现象，但在以前的有关~(166）Lu的结果中对(h_(11/2))_p(i_(13/2))_n组态带白旋的确定与该组态带低自旋旋称反转系统规律相反，这也是我们对~(166)Lu重新研究的一个原因。实验是在北京中国原子能科学研究院HI-13串列加速器上进行的，分别利用入射能量为97MeV和92MeV的~(19)F束通过熔合蒸发反应~(152)Sm(~(19)F,~5n)~(166)Lu和~(154)Sm(~(19)F5n)~(168)Lu布居了~(166)Lu和~(168)Lu的高自旋态。用十台HpGe探测器组成的探测阵列进行γ-γ符合测量，对~(166)Lu和~(168)Lu分别记录了约1.27 * 10~8和0.25 * 10~8个两重和两重以上的符合事件。在~(166)Lu中，共发现了五条转动带，根据它们的顺排在0.28MeV均没有出现上弯，意味着它们的中子均占居i_(13/2)轨道，同时根据在~(165)Lu和~(167)Lu只发现基于9／2~-[514]、7／2~-[404]、1／2~-[541]、1／2~+[411]和5／2~+[402]轨道的转动带及在~(165)Yb和~(167)Hf中晕带均为5／2~+[642]的事实，那么由上述质子轨道和中子轨道组成的转动带是本文发现的五条带的最可能的侯选者。本实验中观察到的五条转动带分别基于7／2~+[404](direct X)5／2~+[642]、9／2~-[514](direct X)5／2~+[642]、1／2~-[541](direct X)5／2~+[642]、5／2~+[402](direct X)5／2~+[642]和1／2~+[642](direct X)5／2~+[642]轨道的转动带。和以前的数据相比主要有以下几点改进：(A)在以前的结果中，包括2000年新发表的有关~(166)Lu的文章，他们均把本文~(166)Lu纲图中(5)和(6)退激系列归属于π1／2~-[541](direct X)v5／2~+[642]转动带，而在本文中通过符合关系一个新的退激系列(7)被发现，根据(6)和(7)之间的符合关系、带交叉频率、γ射线强度和B(M1)／B(E2)的比值等关系，本文认为新发现的退激系列(7)与(6)组成新的π1／2~-[541](direct X)v5／2~+[642]转动带.以前的结果的错误在于把属于1／2~-[541](direct X)5／2~+[642]转动带的α = 0与1／2~-[541](direct X)5／2~+[642]转动带的α = 0误归于一个带，这就澄清了原文献中π1／2~-[541](direct X)v5／2~+[642]转动带能级摆动规律与相邻奇奇核该组态带能级摆动规律不符的疑点，同时把原文献中误归于π1／2~-[541](direct X)v5／2~+[642]转动带的那一个退激系列(5)重新指定为1／2~+[411](direct X)5／2~+[642]带(α = 0)；(B)通过分析实验数据、跃迁能量系统学和运用顺排相加性规则对以前实验中建立的9／2~-[514](direct X)5／2~+[642]和7／2~+[404](direct X)5／2~+[642]带的自旋进行了重新指定，把它们的自旋在原文的基础上加1个单位，澄清了以前的有关~(166)Lu结果中对9／2~-[514](direct X)5／2~+[642]组态带自旋的确定与该组态带低自旋旋称反转事实相反的疑点；(C)新发现了基于9／2~-[541](direct X)5／2~+[642]组态的转动带。在~(168)Lu中，共观察到了四条转动带，分别是π1／2~-[541](direct X)v5／2~+[642]、7／2~+[404](direct X)5／2~+[642]、 9／2~-[514](direct X)5／2~+[642]和7／2~+[404](direct X)5/2~-[523](本文新建立的带)带，本文对其中晕带7／2~+[404](direct X)5／2~+[642]的K值取值与原文献中的取值不同，并根据能量系统学和带头激发能指出不同的原因。 除以上所述外，本文还给出了~(166)Lu和~(168)Lu各γ射线的强度、转动参数A、较强γ射线的DCO值、分支比和B(M1)／B(E2)等实验值。基于实验和理论预期的B(M1)／B(E2)比值的比较、各带带交叉行为、顺排相加性、带头激发能和转动参数A对各带的组态和自旋进行了指定。最后通过对实验上对~(162,164)Tm、~(174)Ta和~(176)Re的π1／2~-[541](direct X)vi_(13/2)组态带p-n剩余相互作用信息的提取，指出奇质子核中1／2~-[541]带的带交叉频率相对相邻偶偶核的延迟约三分之一到一半左右，其原因是由于p-n剩余相互作用所造成的(包含了对效应和形变变化的CSM模型能够解释另一半的偏离)，可以定性的认为正是由于形变、对相互作用的变化和剩余p-n相互作用三者相结合导致了整个的1／2~-[541]带中带交叉频率的偏离。旋称反转机制综述和πh_(932)(direct X)vi_(l3/2)组态的系统学首先对导致旋称反转的各种机制做一简单回顾，同时对ππh,u2⑩vi,钔组态带系统学规律做一简单总结，总结了πh_(11/2)(direct X)Vi_(13/2)组态带的跃迁能量系统学规律。在最近，随着~(162)Tm、~(164)Tm、~(174)Ta和~(176)Re等几个奇奇核中半退耦带1／2~-[541](direct X)vi_(13/2)的自旋通过实验方法的确定，人们惊奇的发现在上述这些核~(162)Tm、~(164)Tm、~(174)Ta和~(176)Re)中半退耦带1／2~-[541](direct X)vi_(13/2)在低自旋区都是旋称反转的。人们就会很自然的回头去看那些在该区已经布居1／2~-[541](direct X)vi_(l3／2)组态带的那些核，结果发现对于该组态带的自旋的指定是很杂乱无章的，有些自旋的确定即不符合能量系统学又与顺排相加性规则相悖，如在~(172)Ta和~(178)Re中(值得指出的是有关这两个核的文章均是在十年前发表的)，自旋的指定明显与最近发表的该区πhg_(9/2)(direct X)vi_(13/2)组态带自旋不符，本文通过能量系统学和顺排相加性对~(172)Ta和~(178)Re的1／2~-541](direct X)vi_(13/2)组态带自旋做了修改，分别增加了3h和h。本文通过对最新结果~(162)Tm、~(164)Tm、~(170)Lu、~(170,174,176)Ta、~(176)Re、~(180)Ir)和以前的结果(~(172)Ta和~(178)Re)及本文的结果(~(166,168)Lu)对上述12个核的1／2~-[541](direct X)vi_(13/2)组态带的S(I) = E(I)-E(I-1)- E(I + 2)-E(I + 1)-E(I - 1)-E(I - 2)]／2～I的变化图的分析，继A ≈ 130区7πh_(11/2)(direct X)vh_(11/2)组态带和A ≈ 160区πh_(11/2)(direct X)vi_(13/2)组态带的系统学规律以后，首次总结出A ≈ 170区π1／2~-541](direct X)vi_(13/2)组态带的系统学规律：反转点的自旋随N的增加而增加，随Z的增加而减小，与πh_(11/2)(direct X)和πh_(11/2)(direct X)vi_(13/2)转动带的系统学规律很相似，即反转点自旋均随中子和质子单调地变化。通过对各种理论模型的研究发现三轴形变、科里奥利力、带交叉与自反转和p-n相互作用在奇奇核中都有可能导致旋称反转，包含有p-n相互作用的粒子-转子模型在πh_(11/2)(direct X)和vh_(11/2)、πh_(11/2)和π1／2 ~-[541](direct X)vi_(13/2)组态带中的旋称反转上取得了某些成功，表明p-n相互作用在解释奇核低自旋反转现象中起着很重要的作用。通过对实验上π1／2~-[541](direct X)vi_(13/2)组态带旋称反转点与文献中理论计算值的比较，得出p-n相互作用强度的变化可能是导致π1／2~-[541](direct X)vi_(13/2)组态带症称反转点变化主要原因的结论。过渡区核~(87)Zr的高自旋态研究在A≈80区，许多原子核的中子和质子数都处在28和50两个满壳层之间，对于这些核而言，任何一种核子数的改变都有可能导致核形状的显著变化。有研究结果表明，对于40≤Z≤45的核来讲，N=46是变形核向球形核变化的转折点。在40≤N≤50区，对Zr(Z=40)同位素系列中诸原子核能级结构伴随中子数改变而发生的变化的研究将会帮助我们了解这个形状变化的过程。我们所研究的~(87)Zr含有47个中子，就处于这个过渡区。实验是在北京中国原子能科学研究院HI-13串列加速器上进行的，利用入射能量为118MeV的~(32)S束通过~(58)Co(~(32)S,3pn)~(87)Zr熔合蒸发反应布居。~（87）Zr的高自旋态，实验用的靶为附有Ta衬的厚度1082μg／cm~2的~(59)Co箔。用7台HpGe探测器组成的探测阵列进行γ-γ符合测量。同时采用一个小平面光子探测器探测低能γ射线。本实验记录了约1.5 * 10。个两重以上的符合事件，建立了自旋直到37／2和43／2的能级纲图。研究的结果表明：~(87)Zr与相邻同中子奇A核的正宇称低激发能级之间存在着很强的相似性，而与相邻奇A核同位素相比，结构变化明显， 这可能表明在该核区对核形变的影响中子占主要地位，质子影响较小。激发能随中子变化的比值图呈阶梯状，认为R ≈ 1.5，R_x ≈ 2.0和R_x ≥ 2.2分别代表核形变的三个区域，即球型核、过渡区核和形变核。通过与相邻(Z,N + 1)偶偶核低激发态能级相比较的方法对各低激发能级组态的主要成分进行了估计，发现随自旋的增加，出现了各能级组态之间的混杂。

热核三分裂以及热核性质的研究

对品字型、拉长双脖型及级联三分裂的位势进行了计算。发现在有限温度下，品字型三分裂与级联三分裂、拉长双脖子三分裂相比，形变位能上并不是最优的。实验测量结果表明热核的能级密度参数是核温度的函数并与核大小有关，或激发能形式的变化。在25MeV/u Ar+Au的对心碰撞中，激发能已接近多重碎裂的“准相变区”

1、吗啡成瘾及吗啡对其他学习记忆的影响 2、老年猕猴初级视觉皮层细胞时间及空间特性的改变

一、 药物滥用是一种慢性、复发性脑疾病。药物滥用将导致药物成瘾（addiction），其主要表现有药物依赖、药物耐受、药物敏感化以及药物停用后的戒断症状（withdraw symptom）。药物成瘾的核心特征是强迫性觅药和用药行为。药物成瘾会导致药物滥用者认知功能的损伤和认知偏差，并会造成滥用者情绪异常。药物成瘾是一个复杂的生物学过程，有着及其复杂的机理。对药物成瘾机制的解释有很多种，主要认为成瘾过程是一种学习记忆过程，学习记忆的机制在药物成瘾过程中起到了非常重要的作用。首先，学习记忆和药物成瘾过程都受到了相似的神经营养因子以及神经递质系统的调控，例如：它们都受cAMP，CREB等调控因子的调控。其次，研究发现与成瘾相关的线索，如用药有关的人物、地点或暗示等，在药物戒断很长时间后都会恢复吸毒者的用药行为。并且，当把与成瘾相关的线索呈现给毒品戒断中的人时，这些人会出现心率、呼吸加快，血压升高等现象，甚至表现出明显的渴求行为。药物对学习记忆的影响是复杂的，虽然重复使用药物会导致药物成瘾，并且这个过程需要学习记忆机制的参与，但同时使用吗啡却会对其他类型的学习记忆（如：恐惧性学习记忆、一次性被动回避学习记忆和水迷宫空间学习记忆）造成破坏。学习前给予吗啡可以剂量及状态依赖地破坏被动回避试验以及空间辨别试验的记忆获取过程。学习过程结束后立即给予吗啡可以破坏一次性被动回避试验、主动回避试验和恐惧条件化试验的记忆巩固过程。测试前给予吗啡可以破坏空间辨别试验的记忆提取过程。本研究的目的在于更进一步地了解使用吗啡导致吗啡成瘾以及使用吗啡导致学习记忆的各个阶段受损的机制。为此我们采用了药理学以及多种行为学的方法，1、用PTZ诱发的癫痫持续状态干扰吗啡成瘾的学习记忆过程，进一步比较了吗啡成瘾的学习记忆与其他学习记忆，例如：空间学习记忆以及食物奖赏学习记忆的机制有何异同；2、研究了β-肾上腺素系统与阿片系统在空间记忆巩固过程中的相互作用；3、我们还研究了NMDA受体的激动剂和拮抗剂在吗啡破坏空间记忆提取过程中的作用。研究结果发现： 1．戊四唑诱发的癫痫持续状态，对吗啡建立的条件化位置偏好没有任何影响，动物仍然对阳性箱（吗啡匹配箱）表现出明显的偏好。但是癫痫持续状态破坏了食物建立的条件化位置偏好，并且还破坏了水迷宫和Y迷宫检测的空间记忆。癫痫持续状态破坏了食物建立的条件化位置偏好，原因不是由于其影响了动物的食欲。此外，癫痫持续状态也没有持续地破坏动物的活动能力，因此，对动物活动量的影响也不是造成其他学习记忆破坏的原因。这些结果说明，吗啡成瘾的学习记忆和普通的学习记忆在机制上可能存在不同之处。为了说明这个问题，我们还需要进行其他更深入的研究。 2、训练后立即单独注射吗啡（0.25和2.5 mg/kg）或心得安（2，10和20 mg/kg）都不会破坏动物Y-迷宫空间记忆的巩固过程，动物仍然能识别新异环境，并在里面停留较长时间。但是，训练后同时注射吗啡和心得安却可以破坏动物空间记忆的巩固过程。并且，较高剂量的吗啡（2.5 mg/kg）加上较高剂量的心得安（10和20 mg/kg）对记忆的破坏更严重，实验组动物在新异环境停留的时间显著低于对照组。这说明阿片系统和去甲肾上腺素系统在破坏记忆巩固的过程中可能有协同作用。 3、记忆提取前30分钟注射吗啡（1和10 mg/kg）可以剂量依赖地破坏Y-迷宫空间记忆的提取。单独注射NMDA受体的激动剂NMDA（1，2和4 mg/kg）对动物的空间记忆提取没有影响，但是，单独注射NMDA受体拮抗剂MK-801（0.05，0.1和0.2 mg/kg）剂量依赖地破坏了空间记忆的提取。同时注射吗啡（10 mg/kg）和NMDA（2 mg/kg）可以阻断吗啡对空间记忆造成的破坏作用。相反，共同注射吗啡（1 mg/kg）和MK-801（0.05 mg/kg）可以加重吗啡对空间记忆造成的破坏作用。这说明谷氨酸系统可以干扰吗啡对记忆提取过程的影响。 二、衰老严重地影响了人们的视觉功能，然而眼睛光学系统的老年性改变并不能完全解释清楚这种视觉功能衰退。一般认为是神经系统的退化导致了这种老年性功能降低。但是，研究显示视网膜（retina）和外膝体（dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus, dLGN）在衰老的过程中神经元的数量和体积以及神经元的功能特性，如对比度敏感性、空间分辨率等，都没有明显的变化，因此，人们推测老化导致的神经系统的变化发生在更高级的视觉皮层。过去几年的研究发现老年动物视觉皮层细胞发生了一系列反应特性的改变，如：老年动物皮层细胞的方向选择性和方位选择性降低以及细胞反应的潜伏期延长。这些细胞水平的变化被认为是老年性视觉功能衰退的神经机制。为了更全面地了解衰老过程对视觉皮层的影响以及细胞反应改变与整体功能降低之间的关系，本研究采用活体动物细胞外单位记录的方法，比较了青年和老年猕猴初级视觉皮层细胞时间反应特性和空间反应特性的差异。研究结果发现：老年动物初级视觉皮层细胞的时间频率和空间频率敏感性明显比年轻动物降低。表现为老年动物初级视觉皮层细胞的最优时间和空间频率、空间分辨率（spatial resolution, SR）和较高时间截至频率（high temporal frequency cut-off, TF50）都显著低于年轻动物初级视觉皮层细胞，同时伴随着这些功能的降低，老年动物初级视觉皮层细胞的自发放增加，对视觉刺激的反应增加，但是信噪比却显著降低。这些结果表明，老年动物初级视觉皮层细胞的功能在老化过程中都普遍降低。这可能是导致老年人视觉功能降低的原因。

Observation of Nucleation and Growth of CdS Nanocrystals in a Two-phase System

The nucleation and growth kinetics of CdS nanocrystals in a two-phase synthesis system have been investigated. It was found that the nucleation process is quite lengthy and overlapped with the growth process; nevertheless, as formed nanocrystals show extremely narrow size distribution owing to the unique heterogeneous reacting environment and Ostwald ripening growth. The nucleation and growth kinetics of the nanocrystals were also influenced strongly by the monomer concentration, capping agent concentration, and solvent polarity. It was also found that a high monomer concentration, a low capping agent concentration, and low solvent polarity lead to a higher maximum nucleus concentration and nanocrystal concentration, while high polarity solvents are favorable for the formation of nanocrystals with narrower size distribution and higher photoluminescence quantum yield.

Functional gold nanoparticle-peptide complexes as cell-targeting agents

In this paper, we report a novel approach using peptide CALNN and its derivative CALNNGGRRRRRRRR (CALNNR(8)) to functionalize gold nanoparticles for intracellular component targeting. The translocation is effected by the nanoparticle diameter and CALNNR8 surface coverage. The intracellular distributions of the complexes are change from the cellular nucleus to the endoplasmic reticulum by increasing the density of CALNNR8 at a constant nanoparticle diameter. Additionally, increasing the nanoparticle diameter at a constant density of CALNNR8 leads to less cellular internalization.

Hydrothermal synthesis of spherical and hollow Gd2O3 : Eu3+ phosphors

Spherical and submicrometer-sized hollow Gd2O3:Eu3+ phosphors were prepared by homogeneous precipitation and hydrothermal method by varying the concentrations of reactants and changing the synthesis conditions. In the precipitation step, the spherical nucleus was formed and grew to large particles. In the hydrothermal step, the large particles crystallized to solid or hollow spheres. At last, Gd2O3:Eu3+ phosphors were obtained by annealing at the temperature more than 600 degrees C. The deduced mechanics of forming the solid and hollow spheres was proposed. And the obtained spherical Gd2O3:Eu3+ phosphors had better red luminescence properties. The relative luminescence intensity and the lifetime increased with increasing annealing temperatures.

Crystallization kinetics in shearing-induced oriented and stretched poly(ethylene oxide)

Isothermal crystallization kinetics in the melting of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) were investigated as a function of the shear rate and crystallization temperature by optical microscopy. The radial growth rates of the spherulites are described by a kinetics equation including shearing and relaxation combined effects and the free energy for the formation of a secondary crystal nucleus. The free-energy difference between the liquid and crystalline phases increased slightly with rising shearing rates. The experimental findings showed that the influence of the relaxation of PEO, which is related to the shear-induced orientation and stretch in a PEO melt, on the rate of crystallization predominated over the influence of the shearing. This indicated that the relaxation of PEO should be more important so that the growth rates increase with shearing, but it was nearly independent of the shear rate within the measured experimental range.

Effect of physical aging on the microstructure and the crystallization of amorphous poly(aryl ether ether ketone ketone) (PEEKK)

Physical aging of poly(aryl ether ether ketone ketone) (PEEKK) has been investigated. Heat flow responses were measured after annealing the amorphous samples obtained by quenching the melt into an ice-water bath close to, but below, the glass transition temperature. The extent of aging is related to the supercooling from the glass transition temperature and to the aging time. The activation energy of the aging process, which was estimated by a Williams-Watt expression, is similar in magnitude to that obtained for the cold crystallization for the aged samples. The quenched glass is a metastable glass. The conformation of molecular chains rearranges with physical aging which results in the formation of a denser packing in the amorphous phase. The dense amorphous phase may form an initial nucleus for crystallization. Isothermal cold crystallization of the aged samples was carried out. The Avrami equation was used to determine the kinetic parameters, and the Avrami constant n is about 2. An Arrhenius expression was used to evaluate the activation energy of relaxation upon physical aging and the activation energy of transportation upon isothermal crystallization. The activation energy of relaxation is similar in magnitude to that of crystallization for aged samples. Results obtained are interpreted as kinetic effects associated with the glass formation process.

A novel structure analysis method for lanthanide complex - None paramagnetic shift tri-lanthanide mixture method

A new structure analysis method for lanthanide complexes was proposed, that is, none paramagnetic shift tri-lanthanide mixture method, It was found that the paramagnetic induced shift could be cancelled by mixing three kinds of paramagnetic lanthanide ions in appropriate proportion. As a result, the chelating sites would he seen simplely from the half widths and the relative distances between lanthanide ion and the ligand nucleus could be calculated from the relaxation time (T-1) or the half width. Care should be addressed that the analysis method is suitable for the systems in which intramolecular arrangements and intermolecular ligand exchanges are relatively fasten NMR time scale used.

Growth rates of different polymorphs from interspherulitic boundary profiles

Quantitative data on the crystallization kinetics of polymorphic polymers can be derived from the investigation of gross spherulitic morphology formed in isothermal conditions. Depending on distance between centers, and the time lag between their formation and relative growth rates, various types of boundary lines can be generated by the impinging of two spherical bodies whose radii increase linearly with time, In polymorphic polymers, different types of spherulites often develop simultaneously at different rates from sporadic or predetermined nuclei. In same cases, the so-called growth transformation, in which a nucleus of the fast growing specie is formed at the tip of an advancing lamella of the slower crystal form, provides an alternative mode of nucleation, It is shown that if only one event of growth transformation takes place at the front of a slow growing body, the fast growing spherulite swallows the parent one and the resultant shape of interspherulitic boundary is described by two symmetrical logarithmic spirals whose parameters can be extracted from micrographs taken at the end of crystallization. These concepts are applied to determine the radial growth rate of gamma form spherulites of polypivalolactone in a wide range of temperatures through analysis of the alpha/gamma interspherulitic profiles formed in isothermal conditions and direct measurement of the growth rate of the alpha counterparts at the same temperature.

MOSSBAUER-EFFECT STUDIES OF A NEW ORGANOEUROPIUM COMPLEX [EU(ETA-6-C6ME6)(ALCL4)2]4

The Mossbauer spectrum of a new organoeuropium complex with a neutral pi-ligand, Eu(eta6-C6Me6) (AlCl4)2, is measured at 88 K. The Mossbauer parameters derived from the spectrum show the divalent nature of the europium ion in this organoeuropium complex. The calculations of the electric field gradient at the Eu nucleus in the crystal indicate that the Eu-Cl bond in the compound may possess a certain covalent character. The low Debye temperature of this complex may be attributed to weak and delocalized pi-bonding between the Eu atom and the benzene ring of hexamethylbenzene, and a slow paramagnetic relaxation is suggested by the Mossbauer effect.

OBSERVATION OF MOSSBAUER-EFFECT IN THE HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTOR EUBA2CU3O7-X WITH DC ELECTRIC-CURRENT

The difference between the Mossbauer parameters for EuBa2Cu3O7-x with dc electric current and those without dc electric current at 83 K has been observed. The change in isomer shift, electric quadrupole splitting and the asymmetry parameter of the electric field gradient at the Eu-151 nucleus may be caused by the movement of a mass of conduction electrons along a certain direction in the EuBa2Cu3O7-x crystal with a layered structure.

CALCULATIONS OF THE EIGENVALUES OF PURE QUADRUPOLE INTERACTION IN MOSSBAUER-EFFECT STUDIES

Two approximate formulae to calculate the eigenvalues of pure quadrupole interaction in Mossbauer effect studies have been proposed and the eigenvalue coefficients in the formulae have been given for various excited states and ground states of the nucleus with different spin. All the eigenvalues of pure quadrupole interaction between both excited state and ground state of nucleus with spin I = 3/2 divided-by 9/2 and the electric-field gradient with different asymmetry parameter (eta = 0 divided-by 1.0) have been calculated by these formulae. The results show that the accuracies in all the calculations are more satisfactory or same in comparison with those obtained by the formula of Shenoy and Dunlap, especially when the asymmetry parameter of electric-field gradient is larger than 0.8 for the nucleus with spin I = 5/2.

A METHOD OF FITTING TO MOSSBAUER SPECTRUM OF EU-151 AND ITS APPLICATION TO EUROPIUM COMPOUNDS

A method of fitting to Mossbauer spectrum of 151Eu has been proposed. The intensities and the positions of all the possible transitions between the sublevels of the ground state and those of the excited state of nucleus with spin I> 3/2 can be considered at one time in fitting to experimental Mossbauer spectra by this method. The method has been used to fit to the experimental Mossbauer spectra of europium orthophosphate crystal and of europium pentaphosphate crystal, and to derive Mossbauer parameters from...