1000 resultados para rendimento térmico


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A recente transposição da directiva europeia relativa ao Desempenho Energético dos Edifícios (2002/91/CE) e posteriormente a (2010/31/EU) pelo Decreto-Lei n.º 118/2013 de 20 de Agosto, incluiu num único diploma o Sistema de Certificação Energética dos Edifícios (SCE), o Regulamento do Desempenho Energético dos Edifícios de Habitação (REH) e o Regulamento de Desempenho Energético dos Edifícios de Comércio e Serviços (RECS), introduzindo desta forma novos parâmetros de conforto interior para os edifícios a construir em Portugal. A necessidade e a curiosidade em aprofundar o estudo do desempenho energético de edifícios, em particular em dois parâmetros que influenciam o cálculo, a inércia térmica e a orientação solar, esteve na base da escolha deste trabalho. Neste sentido foram estudadas várias soluções construtivas correntes da nossa construção para se conseguir compreender a variação da inércia térmica das duas moradias em estudo e assim determinar a influência que tem a inércia térmica no conforto interior. Foi também tido em conta neste estudo, a variação da orientação solar e a sua influência nos ganhos térmicos para a estação de aquecimento e arrefecimento. Deste modo conseguiu-se aferir a influência que a energia solar tem nos cálculos do conforto interior para as várias orientações solares. Por curiosidade calcularam-se também os dados das moradias sem obstruções solares de modo a fazer uma comparação com e sem os elementos que provocam sombreamento nos vãos solares. Por último utilizou-se o software Design Builder para fazer a simulação dinâmica das moradias e comparar com os resultados obtidos do cálculo regulamentar do REH.

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Mode of access: Internet.

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Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo descrever e analisar representações sociais construídas por professores de matemática em atuação na Região da Grande São Paulo e que envolvem dificuldades na aprendizagem dessa disciplina. O objeto desta investigação está centrado nas vivências desses professores da educação básica com o ensino de matemática. O conceito de representação social (Moscovici, 1978, 2004; Jodelet, 2001, 2002) e a formação de professores de matemática (Fiorentini e Lorenzato, 2001, 2006; Valente, 2002; Miorim, 1998) foram os pressupostos teóricos que fundamentaram esta pesquisa. Este estudo, realizado com professores de matemática em atuação, teve como principal motivação a possibilidade de contribuir para uma reflexão tanto sobre a formação de professores de matemática em cursos de licenciatura como a respeito dos entraves e avanços na formação pedagógica e suas relações com a aprendizagem dos alunos na disciplina. Os resultados da presente pesquisa apontam para a seguinte constatação: as representações que os professores têm de seus alunos com baixo rendimento os levam a refletir sobre a própria atuação pedagógica e definem a ação a ser tomada perante esses alunos.

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Este estudo verifica a eficácia de intervenções lúdicas junto a crianças abrigadas com problemas de aprendizagem e quadros de depressão, analisando a influência do brincar em seu bem-estar e qualidade de vida. Realiza-se através de metodologia clínica-interventiva, junto a oito crianças de ambos os sexos, de 8 anos, de classe de baixa renda, abrigadas há dois anos, cursando a 1ª. série de escola pública, com queixa escolar. Após caracterização da instituição, avalia-se individualmente o nível cognitivo das crianças através das Matrizes Progressivas Coloridas de Raven, das Provas Piagetianas de conservação, classificação e seriação e verifica o material escolar. Aplica a seguir o Inventário de Depressão Infantil CDI, normatizado para o Brasil. Com base nesses dados, realiza oito sessões lúdicas grupais, semanais, de noventa minutos cada, através de estratégias sensório-motoras, simbólicas e sociais, com espaço para atividades espontâneas. Após as intervenções lúdicas, reavalia as crianças com os mesmos instrumentos da avaliação anterior. Os resultados indicam melhora no desempenho escolar e diminuição dos sintomas depressivos, com aumento da auto-estima e da segurança emocional, com reflexos em sua vida em geral, inclusive na escolar. As experiências vivenciadas nas situações lúdicas contribuíram para uma auto-avaliação subjetiva mais positiva pelas crianças, assim como para uma avaliação escolar melhor, em seus aspectos cognitivos e afetivo-emocionais integrados. Os dados apontam a importância da equipe técnica ao reconhecer precocemente os sintomas depressivos para realização de programas interventivos, utilizando o lúdico como facilitador para superação das dificuldades cognitivas e afetivas das crianças abrigadas

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Esta dissertação tem por objeto “A Tributação Internacional dos Desportistas na Ótica dos Impostos sobre o Rendimento”, pretendendo-se analisar o objeto e o alcance das convenções fiscais bilaterais, no âmbito da tributação dos desportistas, caraterizando as suas regras, bem como as regras constantes da legislação nacional em sede de Imposto sobre o Rendimento das Pessoas Singulares (IRS) e de Imposto sobre o Rendimento das Pessoas Coletivas (IRC).A evolução da economia portuguesa, e em especial do desporto, fruto da globalização, internacionalização e mobilidade dos fatores de produção, verificada na União Europeia (UE) e a nível mundial, tem originado que cada vez mais fluxos de rendimentos e de capitais circulem de e para Portugal, factos que levam a que a Fiscalidade já não possa ser estudada de uma forma isolada sem se conhecer o regime das convenções de dupla tributação (CDT) celebradas por Portugal relativas aos impostos sobre o rendimento.A diversidade dos rendimentos auferidos, bem como a natureza dos serviços prestados, fazem dos desportistas das pessoas mais móveis do mundo, levantando-se as mais diversas questões no campo tributário, nomeadamente ao nível do conceito de desportista e da qualificação dos rendimentos por eles auferidos, a que pretendemos dar resposta ao longo deste trabalho. A maioria das CDT define como regra geral, no que concerne aos desportistas, a competência cumulativa para a tributação dos rendimentos auferidos pelos mesmos, suscitando desde logo a questão de saber se o modelo de tributação dos desportistas é suficiente ou necessário nos dias de hoje. A esta questão procuraremos dar resposta no final.

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As tributações autónomas encontram-se perfeitamente integradas no sistema fiscal português, sendo, hoje aceites de forma quase generalizada como necessárias à prossecução de objetivos de justiça fiscal, ao mesmo tempo que cumprem uma importante função no domínio da obtenção de receita fiscal. Ao longo dos anos as opções legislativas têm conduzido a sucessivos alargamentos da sua base tributável e ao agravamento das taxas, o que comprova a sua consolidação no nosso sistema fiscal. Considerando a incidência sobre determinados encargos e despesas dos sujeitos passivos, visam desincentivá-los de as praticar, sendo que são bastante mais gravosas relativamente às pessoas coletivas do que às pessoas singulares. O seu peso no total das receitas fiscais não é muito significativo, mas, num momento em que o Esta-do precisa de incrementar as suas receitas fiscais para garantir a sustentabilidade das finanças públicas, as tributações autónomas são muito relevantes na prossecução desse objetivo. Apesar de estarem diretamente ligadas aos impostos diretos, as tributações autónomas aproximam-se mais dos impostos indiretos pois incidem sobre a despesa e o consumo e não sobre o rendimento dos sujeitos passivos.

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The diatomite is a natural material that has numerous applications due to changes in their physical and chemical properties after processing. It is currently used in the industry as a sound insulator , filter aid and industrial load . The filter material shall be inert chemical composition , which will diatomite confers a high commercial value and performance not found in other particulate materials , for this application. The diatomite surface undergoes changes after thermal treatment at high temperatures , from 800ºC , with properties that enable its application in the food , beverage , pharmaceutical , cosmetic and textiles . In this work , we developed a study on thermal treatment on natural diatomite to adapt their properties to the application as a filter aid . The heat treatments were performed in an open oven at temperatures of 800ºC , 1000ºC and 1200ºC for a time of 24 hours. Reagents were added in the constitution of the samples analyzed. The reagents used were sodium carbonate (Na2CO3 ) and sodium chloride (NaCl) . The samples were characterized by x - ray diffraction , x -ray fluorescence , scanning electron microscopy , analysis and particle size distribution , specific surface area by the BET method , and pore volume by BJH method. The results showed a reduction in porosity of the material as well as a significant increase in specific surface area after heat treatment and the reactants in the ratio of 3 wt%. The diatomaceous earth , after heat treatment , undergone changes in its coloration , varying in white, cream and beige , which directly interferes with the speed of filtration materials process. All results obtained before and after heat treatment of the material with the values obtained for samples already used industrially , Brazilian and American industry , which were characterized using the same test methods performed with the samples in the study were compared and showed promising efficiency when material studied in the region of Punaú - RN , after processing , reagent addition and heat treatment, as an element in the composition of filter .

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This work describes the design process of a small recreational gated community in Pium, Nísia Floresta/RN, from concept to final design stages, with emphasis on low environmental impact, thermal comfort and the spatial quality of housing. The process consisted in a review of the literature and relevant standards, studies of design references and architectural programming. The project development was initially focused on the project’s feasibility, with the definition of the number of units, implantation, size and location of the dwellings and the common areas of the development. Two types of houses (four low rise and five duplex units) have been proposed in order to attend the premises of architectural programming. The conception of the architectural design began with the rooms’ zoning according to the lots. This resulted in the pre-selection of three alternatives that were evaluated in terms of spatial quality and environmental performance. The development of sketches focused on the envelope consistent with the bioclimatic guidelines and on the language of the compatible proposal with the lowest possible environmental impact of the building system, which resulted in the selection of the eucalyptus wood type. During the working drawings, the Quality Technical Regulation for the Level of Energy Efficiency Residential Buildings (RTQ -R) was adopted for the evaluation of the envelope, which resulted in "B" level of efficiency for the first case. After minor adjustments, mainly in frames, the efficiency level rose to "A", demonstrating that early project decisions contributed to the envelope energy performance. Besides the design of the two types of units, the final proposal of the gated community includes the design of the equipment for the common areas (entrance, multipurpose room and support and service sector), and the descriptive texts explaining the project and construction’s details.

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Educational Data Mining is an application domain in artificial intelligence area that has been extensively explored nowadays. Technological advances and in particular, the increasing use of virtual learning environments have allowed the generation of considerable amounts of data to be investigated. Among the activities to be treated in this context exists the prediction of school performance of the students, which can be accomplished through the use of machine learning techniques. Such techniques may be used for student’s classification in predefined labels. One of the strategies to apply these techniques consists in their combination to design multi-classifier systems, which efficiency can be proven by results achieved in other studies conducted in several areas, such as medicine, commerce and biometrics. The data used in the experiments were obtained from the interactions between students in one of the most used virtual learning environments called Moodle. In this context, this paper presents the results of several experiments that include the use of specific multi-classifier systems systems, called ensembles, aiming to reach better results in school performance prediction that is, searching for highest accuracy percentage in the student’s classification. Therefore, this paper presents a significant exploration of educational data and it shows analyzes of relevant results about these experiments.

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With the emergence of new technologies, has grown the need to use new materials, and this has intensified research on the collection and use of materials from renewable sources, is to reduce production costs and / or environmental impact. In this context, it was found that the sheath coconut straw, can be utilized as raw material for the production of a eco-composite that can be used as a thermal and acoustic insulator. After selected from the coconut sheaths were subjected to treatment with aqueous 2 % sodium hydroxide (NaOH). The composite study was produced with the sheath and coconut natural latex, with coconut sheath percentage in the proportions 15%, 25% and 35% of the total compound volume. Physical, thermal and acoustic properties of the composites were analyzed in order to obtain data on the use of viability as thermoacoustic insulation. The CP15 composites, CP25 and CP35 showed thermal conductivity 0.188 W/m.K, 0.155 W/m.K and 0.150 W/m.K, respectively. It can be applied as thermal insulation in hot systems to 200 ° C. The CP35 composite was more efficient as a thermal and acoustic insulation, providing 20% noise reduction, 31% and 34% for frequencies of 1 kHz, 2 kHz and 4 kHz, respectively. The analyzes were based on ABNT, ASTM, UL. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the eco-composite produced the hem of coconut can be used as thermal and acoustic insulation. Thus, it gives a more noble end to this material, which most often is burned or disposed of improperly in the environment.

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With the emergence of new technologies, has grown the need to use new materials, and this has intensified research on the collection and use of materials from renewable sources, is to reduce production costs and / or environmental impact. In this context, it was found that the sheath coconut straw, can be utilized as raw material for the production of a eco-composite that can be used as a thermal and acoustic insulator. After selected from the coconut sheaths were subjected to treatment with aqueous 2 % sodium hydroxide (NaOH). The composite study was produced with the sheath and coconut natural latex, with coconut sheath percentage in the proportions 15%, 25% and 35% of the total compound volume. Physical, thermal and acoustic properties of the composites were analyzed in order to obtain data on the use of viability as thermoacoustic insulation. The CP15 composites, CP25 and CP35 showed thermal conductivity 0.188 W/m.K, 0.155 W/m.K and 0.150 W/m.K, respectively. It can be applied as thermal insulation in hot systems to 200 ° C. The CP35 composite was more efficient as a thermal and acoustic insulation, providing 20% noise reduction, 31% and 34% for frequencies of 1 kHz, 2 kHz and 4 kHz, respectively. The analyzes were based on ABNT, ASTM, UL. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the eco-composite produced the hem of coconut can be used as thermal and acoustic insulation. Thus, it gives a more noble end to this material, which most often is burned or disposed of improperly in the environment.

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Squamous cell carcinoma of oral tongue shows high rates of morbidity and mortality in the population, therefore, great efforts are being made to classify morphological changes and identify biomarkers that have prognostic value and that are able to group patients in individualized therapeutic options. From this perspective, there is the heat shock factor 1 (HSF1), which is a heat shock factor transcription protein (HSPs) that allows the cancer to deal with stressors associated with malignancy, acting differently in tumor progression. This research aimed to perform a clinico-pathological analysis of 70 cases of oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC) and immunohistochemical study of the expression of HSF1 protein in OTSCC, comparing it with 30 specimens of normal oral mucosa (NOM), and correlating this immunostaining with clinico-pathological aspects of OTSCC. To analyze the association between immunoexpression of HSF1 and clinicophatoloical aspects, the cases were categorized in minor and major overexpression, based in the median immunostaining score. Regarding the cases of OTSCC, 57.1% showed clinical stage III or IV, 82.9% were graded as high grade according to Bryne (1998) and 47.1% as high risk of malignancy according to Brandwein-Gensler et al., (2005). A disease free survival rate of 47.84% and overall survival rate of 68.20% was observed in the analyzed cases, and the high degree of malignancy according to Bryne’s system (1998) (p=0.05), tumor size T3 or T4 (p=0.04), local recurrence (p=0.02), and perineural invasion (p=0.02) determined negative impacts in survival time. We observed also a statistically significant result (p<0.01) when comparing the immunoreactivity of HSF1 between NOM and OTSCC. This significantly increased expression of HSF1 in cases of OTSCC suggests that this protein acts, indeed, in the pathogenesis of this disease. However, there were no statistically significant associations between this overexpression and the clinico-pathological parameters analyzed. This finding may reflect the influence of epigenetic events on HSF1 gene or a possible stability of this protein expression throughout disease progression.

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Squamous cell carcinoma of oral tongue shows high rates of morbidity and mortality in the population, therefore, great efforts are being made to classify morphological changes and identify biomarkers that have prognostic value and that are able to group patients in individualized therapeutic options. From this perspective, there is the heat shock factor 1 (HSF1), which is a heat shock factor transcription protein (HSPs) that allows the cancer to deal with stressors associated with malignancy, acting differently in tumor progression. This research aimed to perform a clinico-pathological analysis of 70 cases of oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC) and immunohistochemical study of the expression of HSF1 protein in OTSCC, comparing it with 30 specimens of normal oral mucosa (NOM), and correlating this immunostaining with clinico-pathological aspects of OTSCC. To analyze the association between immunoexpression of HSF1 and clinicophatoloical aspects, the cases were categorized in minor and major overexpression, based in the median immunostaining score. Regarding the cases of OTSCC, 57.1% showed clinical stage III or IV, 82.9% were graded as high grade according to Bryne (1998) and 47.1% as high risk of malignancy according to Brandwein-Gensler et al., (2005). A disease free survival rate of 47.84% and overall survival rate of 68.20% was observed in the analyzed cases, and the high degree of malignancy according to Bryne’s system (1998) (p=0.05), tumor size T3 or T4 (p=0.04), local recurrence (p=0.02), and perineural invasion (p=0.02) determined negative impacts in survival time. We observed also a statistically significant result (p<0.01) when comparing the immunoreactivity of HSF1 between NOM and OTSCC. This significantly increased expression of HSF1 in cases of OTSCC suggests that this protein acts, indeed, in the pathogenesis of this disease. However, there were no statistically significant associations between this overexpression and the clinico-pathological parameters analyzed. This finding may reflect the influence of epigenetic events on HSF1 gene or a possible stability of this protein expression throughout disease progression.