Effect of magnesium on the properties of LiNbO 3 thin films prepared from polymeric precursors

The effect of magnesium addition on the phase formation, microstructure and electric and ferroelectric properties of LiNbO 3 thin films prepared through polymeric precursors was analyzed. By X ray diffraction no secondary phase was observed with the increase of magnesium concentration. Comparing to pure LiNbO 3, the addition of 0.5 and 1.0 mol% of Mg +2 increased of the dielectric constant, while 2.0 mol% decreased it. It was noticed that the increase in additive concentration decreases the ferroelectric remanent polarization and increases the coercive field. © 2002 Taylor & Francis.

Microstructure of doped barium titanate prepared from polymeric precursors

Barium titanate is used extensively as a dielectric in ceramic capacitors, particularly due to its high dielectric constant and low dielectric loss characteristics. It can be made semiconducting by addition of certain dopants and by proper modification of grains and grain boundary properties obtaining very interesting characteristics for various applications. The synthesis method and sintering regime have a strong influence on properties of obtained barium titanate ceramics. Doped barium titanate was prepared with Nb+5 and Y+3 ions as donor dopants, and with Mn+2 ions as acceptor dopant by polymeric precursors method. By this procedure nanosized powders were obtained after calcination. Sintering was performed in the temperature range of 1290°C to 1380°C The microstructure of doped BaTiO3 was performed using scanning electron microscopy. The influence of dopants and sintering temperature on grain size was analysed.

Synthesis and characterization of 0.9PMN-0.1PT powders by the use of a modified columbite precursor

The complex perovskite compound 0.9PbMg 1/3Nb 2/3O 3-0.1PbTiO 3 is one of the most promising relaxor ceramic because the addition of lead titanate increases T m, by about 5°C/mol% from intrinsic T m value for pure PMN (near -7 to -15°C). A Ti-modified columbite precursor was used to prepare PMN-PT powders containing single perovskite phase. This variation on columbite route includes Ti insertion in MgNb 2O 6 orthorhombic structure so that individual PT synthesis becomes unnecessary. Furthermore, effects of Li additive on columbite and PMN-PT structures were studied by XRD to verify the phase formation at each processing step. XRD data were also used for the structural refinement by Rietveld method. The additive acts increasing columbite powders crystallinity, and the amount of perovskite phase was insignificantly decreased by lithium addition. By SEM micrographs it was observed that Li presence in PMN-PT powders leads to the formation of rounded primary particles and for lmol% of additive, the grain size is not changed, different from when this concentration is enhanced to 2mol%.

Microstructural and electrical properties of the sofc anode precursor YSZ/NiO composite prepared by A liquid mixture technique

A detailed study of the microstructural and electrical properties of the yttria-stabilized zirconia/nickel oxide (YSZ/NiO) composite was performed. This material is the precursor to the solid oxide fuel cell anode cermet YSZ/Ni. A liquid mixture technique was developed to produce the YSZ/NiO composite to fabricate high-performance SOFC anodes. This technique resulted in fine and homogeneous powders and specimens with high electrical conductivity. The combined results showed that this technique is suitable for the production of the anode cermet.

Electrical devices obtained from polymeric precursors process

Nowadays, many investments have been made in the area of superconductor materials, with the aim to improve their potential technological applications. Applications on the energy transport using cables, to get high resolution images in the medicine use high magnetic fields, high speed signals use superconductor devices all of them are in crescent evidence and they are showing that the future is coming and next for this new kind of materials. Obviously that everything of this is possible due to the increasing of research with new materials, where the synthesis, characterization and applications are of the mainly objective of these researches. The production of cable for the energy transport has been in advanced stage as the bulks production is too. However, the film production that to aim at the electronic devices area is not as developed or it still need expensive investments. Thinking about that, we are developing a research where we may increase the relation of cost/benefits. Thereby, we are applying the polymeric precursors method to obtain films that will be used in the built of electronic devices. Thin films (mono and multilayers, on crystalline or metallic substrates, controlled thickness) of the BSCCO system have been obtained from dip coating deposition process with excellent results in terms of preferential orientation, controlled thickness, a large area, which may indicate future applications. Based on these results, we present an electrical circuit and their principal characteristics as superconductor transition (85K), transport current density and structure. DC four probes method, scanning electron microscopy, digital optical microscopy and X-ray diffractometry were some techniques used for the characterization of this superconductor electric device. © 2006 Materials Research Society.

Evaluation of the effects of nicorandil and its molecular precursor (without radical NO) on proliferation and apoptosis of 786-cell

Nicorandil is a nitric oxide (NO) donor used in the treatment of angina symptoms. It has also been reported to protect cells and affect the proliferation and death of cells in some tissues. The molecules that interfere with these processes can cause dysfunction in healthy tissues but can also assist in the therapy of some disorders. In this study we examined the effect of nicorandil and of the molecular precursor that does not have the NO radical (N-(beta-hydroxyethyl) nicotinamide) on the cell proliferation and death of human renal carcinoma cells (786-O) under normal oxygenation conditions. The molecular precursor was used in order to analyze the effects independents of NO. In the cytotoxicity test, nicorandil was shown to be cytotoxic at very high concentrations and it was more cytotoxic than its precursor (cytotoxic at concentrations of 2,000 and 3,000 μg/mL, respectively). We propose that the lower cytotoxicity of the precursor is due to the absence of the NO radical. In this study, the cells exposed to nicorandil showed neither statistically significant changes in cell proliferation nor increases in apoptosis or genotoxicity. The precursor generated similar results to those of nicorandil. We conclude that nicorandil causes no changes in the proliferation or apoptosis of the cell 786-O in normal oxygenation conditions. Moreover, the lack of NO radical in the precursor molecule did not show a different result, except in the cell cytotoxicity. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.

Nasal administration of liquid crystal precursor mucoadhesive vehicle as an alternative antiretroviral therapy

The purpose of this study was to develop a mucoadhesive stimuli-sensitive drug delivery system for nasal administration of zidovudine (AZT). The system was prepared by formulating a low viscosity precursor of a liquid crystal phase, taking advantage of its lyotropic phase behavior. Flow rheology measurements showed that the formulation composed of PPG-5-CETETH-20, oleic acid and water (55, 30, 15% w/w), denominated P, has Newtonian flow behavior. Polarized light microscopy (PLM) revealed that formulation P is isotropic, whereas its 1:1 (w/w) dilution with artificial nasal mucus (ANM) changed the system to an anisotropic lamellar phase (PD). Oscillatory frequency sweep analysis showed that PD has a high storage modulus (G′) at nasal temperatures. Measurement of the mucoadhesive force against excised porcine nasal mucosa or a mucin disk proved that the transition to the lamellar phase tripled the work of mucoadhesion. Ex vivo permeation studies across porcine nasal mucosa exhibited an 18-fold rise in the permeability of AZT from the formulation. The Weibull mathematical model suggested that the AZT is released by Fickian diffusion mechanisms. Hence, the physicochemical characterization, combined with ex vivo studies, revealed that the PPG-5-CETETH-20, oleic acid, and water formulation could form a mucoadhesive matrix in contact with nasal mucus that promoted nasal absorption of the AZT. For an in vivo assessment, the plasma concentrations of AZT in rats were determined by HPLC method following intravenous and intranasal administration of AZT-loaded P formulation (PA) and AZT solution, respectively, at a dose of 8 mg/kg. The intranasal administration of PA resulted in a fast absorption process (Tmax = 6.7 min). Therefore, a liquid crystal precursor formulation administered by the nasal route might represent a promising novel tool for the systemic delivery of AZT and other antiretroviral drugs. In the present study, the uptake of AZT absorption in the nasal mucosa was demonstrated, providing new foundations for clinical trials in patients with AIDS. © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The relation between structural features and electrochemical activity of MnO2 nanoparticles synthesized from a polyol-made Mn 3O4 precursor

A simple hybrid synthesis processing method was developed to synthesize γ-MnO2 nanocrystalline particles. The polyol method was modified by the addition of nitric acid in order to allow the synthesizing of single-phase Mn3O4 in a large scale. In the sequence, the acid digestion technique was used to transform Mn3O4 into γ-MnO2. Structural and morphological characterization was carried out by X-ray diffractometry, Infrared and Raman spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, nitrogen adsorption isotherm, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The electrochemical properties were investigated by cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge-discharge measurements. The synthesized material exhibits a specific capacitance of 125.1 F g-1 at a mass loading of 0.98 mg cm-2. The relation between structural features and electrochemical activity is discussed by comparing the synthesized material with commercial electrolytic manganese dioxide. © 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

A polymeric europium complex with the ligand thiophene-2-carboxylic acid: Synthesis, structural and spectroscopic characterization

A polymeric complex [Eu(α-tpc)3(α-Htpc) 2]n and its characterization by single crystal X-ray and thermal analysis, infrared and photoluminescence spectroscopies are described. The compound crystallizes in the monoclinic Cc space group. The asymmetric unit is formed from a europium ion bonded to one carboxyl oxygen of five different thiophene carboxylic moieties. Three of these moieties are deprotonated and bridge between neighboring europium ions giving rise to an infinite polymer along the c axis. Besides the europium characteristic emission lines, the emission spectra show unambiguously the crystal size effect on the 5D0 → 7F0 transition. The complex thermal decomposition at 220 C leads to a stable luminescent complex in which the 5D0 → 7F4 transition reveals a monomeric characteristic. The Judd-Ofelt intensity parameters to the polymeric and the monomeric compound with the same ligand and coordination number were compared. © 2013 Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Síntese de filmes finos do sistema PMN-PT pelo método dos precursores óxidos

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Síntese e caracterização de nanoestruturas e filmes finos de 'BI' 'FE' 'OIND.3' modificado com samário visando aplicação em memórias de múltiplos estados

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

O jogo como precursor de valores no contexto escolar

Pós-graduação em Educação - FCT

Estudos estruturais do precursor dos peptídeos potenciadores de Bradicinina e da proteína nudel: nuclear distribution element-like

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Preparação, caracterização e aplicação de carbono polimérico vítreo em sensores eletroquímicos

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Hidroxicarbonato de gadolínio ativado com európio ou térbio trivalentes como precursor de óxidos, oxissulfetos e silicatos luminescentes

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)