956 resultados para flat starts


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Fracture appearance, surface and nanomechanics properties of antibacterial ceramics contairing rare earth phosphate composite antibacterial materials were characterized and measured by SEM, AFM and Nanoindenter, respectively. Results show that grain of fracture surface of antibacterial ceramics grows uniform refinement topography of bubble break-up appears at the surface, which is flat and has liquid character, by adding the phosphate composite containing rare earth, nevertheless needle-like crystal and granular outgrowth form at fracture surface and surface of common ceramics, respectively. Young's modulus of antibacterial ceramic film is 74. 397 GPa and hardness is 8. 134 GPa, which increses by 4.4﹪ and 1.6﹪ comparing with common ceramics, respectively. Loading curves of two kind of ceramics have obvious nonlinear character under 700 nm and linear character between 700 ~ 1000 nm, and unloading curve have obvious linear character.

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The issues and challenges of growing GaN-based structures on large area Si substrates have been studied. These include Si slip resulting from large temperature non-uniformities and cracking due to differential thermal expansion. Using an A1N nucleation layer in conjunction with an AlGaN buffer layer for stress management, and together with the interactive use of real time in-situ optical monitoring it was possible to realise flat, crack-free and uniform GaN and LED structures on 6-inch Si (111) substrates. The EL performance of processed LED devices was also studied on-wafer, giving good EL characteristics including a forward bias voltage of ∼3.5 V at 20 mA from a 500 μm × 500 μm device. © 2009 SPIE.

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H-2 and O-2 multiplex coherent anti-stokes Raman spectroscopy (CARS) employing a single dye laser has been explored to simultaneously determine the temperature and concentrations of H-2 and O-2 in a hydrogen-fueled supersonic combustor. Systematic calibrations were performed through a well-characterized H-2/air premixed flat-flame burner. In particular, temperature measurement was accomplished using the intensity ratio of the H-2 S(5) and S(6) rotational lines, whereas extraction of the H-2 and O-2 concentrations was obtained from the H-2 S(6) and O-2 Q-branch, respectively. Details of the calibration procedure and data reduction are discussed. Quantification of the supersonic mixing and combustion characteristics applying the present technique has been demonstrated to be feasible. The associated detection limits as well as possible improvements are also identified.

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英文摘要: The gas flow characteristics for various shapes of micro diffuser/nozzles have been experimentally investigated. The micro diffuser/nozzles with the lengths of 70 mu m, 90 mu m, 125 mu m and the taper angles of 7 degrees, 10 degrees, 14 degrees are designed and fabricated based on silicon micromachining technology for optimizing and comparing. The flat-wall diffuser/nozzle is 40 mu m x 5 mu m in depth and width. An experimental setup is designed to measure the gas flow rates under controlled temperature and pressure condition. Optimized values for the taper angle and the length of the diffuser/nozzle are experimentally obtained.

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El término “funciones ejecutivas” comienza a ser utilizado por Lezak en los 80’. No se trata de un concepto unitario, incluyendo varias funciones cognitivas y autodirigidas que contribuyen a la autorregulación del individuo. Existen varias controversias acerca del constructo “funciones ejecutivas”, entre ellas: la unidad vs diversidad de los procesos cognitivos que implican las funciones ejecutivas, y la naturaleza del control ejecutivo; el presente artículo se focaliza sobre esta última cuestión. Se presentarán dos aproximaciones de acuerdo a distintos modos de explicación de la memoria de trabajo y del control ejecutivo. Finalmente, se propone enfocar el estudio de las funciones ejecutivas desde una visión integrada de la mente, para su mejor comprensión.

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Direct numerical simulation of spatially evolving compressible boundary layer over a blunt wedge is performed in this paper. The free-stream Mach number is 6 and the disturbance source produced by wall blowing and suction is located downstream of the sound-speed point. Statistics are studied and compared with the results in incompressible flat-plate boundary layer. The mean pressure gradient effects on the vortex structure are studied.

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An experimental study was conducted on shock wave turbulent boundary layer interactions caused by a blunt swept fin-plate configuration at Mach numbers of 5.0, 7.8, 9.9 for a Reynolds number range of (1.0.similar to 4.7) x 10(7)/m. Detailed heat transfer and pressure distributions were measured at fin deflection angles of up to 30 degrees for a sweepback angle of 67.6 degrees. Surface oil flow patterns and liquid crystal thermograms as well as schlieren pictures of fin shock shape were taken. The study shows that the flow was separated at deflection of 10 degrees and secondary separation were detected at deflection of theta greater than or equal to 20 degrees. The heat transfer and pressure distributions on flat plate showed an extensive plateau region followed by a distinct dip and local peak close to the fin foot. Measurements of the plateau pressure and heat transfer were in good agreement with existing prediction methods, but pressure and heating peak measurements at M greater than or equal to 6 were significantly lower than predicted by the simple prediction techniques at lower Mach numbers.

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With a newly developed Material Failure Process Analysis code (MFPA(2D)), influence of hetero geneity on fracture processes and strength characterization of brittle disorder materials such as rock or concrete is numerically studied under uniaxial compression and tension conditions. It is found th at, due to the heterogeneity of the disordered material, relatively more diffused micro-fractures appear in the early stage of loading. Different from homogeneous materials such as glass, macro-crack nucleation starts well before the peak stress is reached and the crack propagation and coalescence can be traced, which can be taken as a precursory to predict the macro-fracture of the material. The presence of residual strength in the post-peak region and the resemblance in the stress-strain curves between tension and compression are significant results and are found to be dependent on the heterogeneity of the specimens. Examples showing the tentative applications of MFPA(2D) in modeling failure of composite materials and rock or civil engineering problem are also given in this paper.

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Microarraying involves laying down genetic elements onto a solid substrate for DNA analysis on a massively parallel scale. Microarrays are prepared using a pin-based robotic platform to transfer liquid samples from microtitre plates to an array pattern of dots of different liquids on the surface of glass slides where they dry to form spots diameter < 200 μm. This paper presents the design, materials selection, micromachining technology and performance of reservoir pins for microarraying. A conical pin is produced by (i) conventional machining of stainless steel or wet etching of tungsten wire, followed by (ii) micromachining with a focused laser to produce a microreservoir and a capillary channel structure leading from the tip. The pin has a flat end diameter < 100 μm from which a 500 μm long capillary channel < 15 μm wide leads up the pin to a reservoir. Scanning electron micrographs of the metal surface show roughness on the scale of 10 μm, but the pins nevertheless give consistent and reproducible spotting performance. The pin capacity is 80 nanolitres of fluid containing DNA, and at least 50 spots can be printed before replenishing the reservoir. A typical robot holds can hold up to 64 pins. This paper discusses the fabrication technology, the performance and spotting uniformity for reservoir pins, the possible limits to miniaturization of pins using this approach, and the future prospects for contact and non-contact arraying technology.

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We investigate the morphological stability of epitaxial thin elastic films on a substrate by the Casimir force between the film surface and a flat plate. Critical undulation wavelengths are derived for two different limit conditions. Consideration of the Casimir force in both limit cases decreases the critical wavelength of the surface perturbation.

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Aparecida representa el punto más alto en la consideración del magisterio sobre la piedad popular latinoamericana. El artículo comienza con un somero recorrido histórico desde Medellín, donde se considera la religiosidad popular como algo positivo, hasta Aparecida, donde se enseña que esta forma de vivir la fe de grandes mayorías de pobres latinoamericanos es una verdadera espiritualidad cristiana. Luego se detiene a presentar las novedades del documento de la V Conferencia del Episcopado latinoamericano (Aparecida) y termina explicitando algunas cuestiones abiertas.

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El autor nos introduce en la cuestión de los motivos racionales de la fe. Las operaciones llevadas a cabo por la inteligencia y la voluntad en el acto de creer, constituyen el fundamento por el cual la Verdad revelada entabla históricamente el diálogo con el hombre. El tema se halla en el centro de la experiencia religiosa y de la reflexión teológica de Newman, y ha significado un aporte indiscutible a la teología contemporánea.

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Resumen: Según se narra en el Libro de Alexandre, después de la muerte de Darío III, rey de los persas y opresor de los macedonios, Alejandro comienza su exploración hacia el Oriente profundo, en busca del sátrapa indio, Poro. Al hallar los palacios de este, el macedonio se encuentra con una serie de objetos que podrían integrar un catálogo de maravillas mecánicas y artificiales, entre las que destaca una viña hecha de oro y piedras preciosas que el gobernante oriental posee en los jardines del alcázar (cc. 2126-2131). El trabajo cuyo resumen presento aquí pretende, en primer lugar, develar las funciones intra y extratextuales que posee el episodio, además de –en segunda instancia– defender la idea de la representación de la viña áurea como un motivo recurrente en las descripciones de palacios orientales en la literatura medieval y en obras como la Historia de Proellis, el Roman d’Aeneas y textos que se insertan propiamente en la tradición de libros de viajes, como el Livre des merveilles du monde de Jean de Mandeville.

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Resumen: Este artículo analiza el fallo del 13 de marzo de 2012 de la Corte Suprema de Justicia de la Nación, en los autos “F., A. L. s/ medida autosatisfactiva”, en el cual el máximo tribunal argentino adoptó la interpretación amplia del Artículo 86, inciso 2, del Código Penal, a la luz de la “voluntad del legislador histórico”; teniendo en cuenta que la misma Corte la invoca en sus fundamentos para fallar a favor de la constitucionalidad del inciso referido. Se parte de entender el contexto histórico e ideológico de las primeras décadas del siglo XX, tanto a nivel nacional como internacional, del cual surge la influencia que tuvo la eugenesia en los ámbitos científicos, académicos y jurídicos. Teoría que tenía por objetivo la búsqueda del “perfeccionamiento” de la especie humana, lo que implicaba descartar a los seres humanos más débiles, imperfectos o defectuosos. Dentro de este contexto se impulsó la modificación del Código Penal, por lo que es central para entender la “voluntad del legislador histórico” el Informe de la Comisión de Códigos del Senado de la Nación, de 1920, que receptó claramente las ideas eugenésicas, siendo el Artículo 86, inc. 2, un claro ejemplo de ello. El mencionado informe demuestra que la verdadera motivación de los legisladores para incluir la no punibilidad del aborto en este inciso fue que no nacieran “seres anormales o degenerados”, no hay una sola mención a la situación de la mujer embarazada y de los perjuicios que un embarazo en estas condiciones le podrían acarrear.

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El trasplante de órganos es hoy un tratamiento habitual pero que tiene su limitación más importante en el total de órganos donados, que si bien va aumentando año tras año, no alcanza para satisfacer las demandas cada vez más crecientes, tornándose en un problema sanitario mundial. No es redundante precisar que el proceso de donación trasplante es sumamente complejo y que requiere la actuación de un número importante de sujetos, de las instituciones asistenciales y de la sociedad en general. En este artículo se intenta realizar un resumen esquemático de un proceso de donación a corazón batiente, que inicia con la llamada de detección; pasando por el diagnóstico de muerte bajo criterios neurológicos; selección, evaluación y mantenimiento del potencial donante; distribución de órganos y tejidos; y finalmente el punto más complejo que es el abordaje familiar en un contexto de altísima crisis.