Las políticas del cuerpo y las negociaciones identitarias de las travestis en el ex penal García Moreno

Esta investigación indaga, analiza y se refiere a la situación actual de las travestis encarceladas en el ex Penal García Moreno, escenario inscrito dentro de la estructura macro de represión y reclusión social del país. Se refiere a la actualidad enmarcada entre junio 2005 y octubre 2006, sin dejar de hacer referencia a hechos sociopolíticos e históricos que visibilizan y evidencian dentro del contexto nacional la situación de la violencia socio cultural, física-psico afectiva, marginalización y discriminación que se ejerce sobre las travestis y la persistente violación a sus derechos a consecuencia de su identidad sexual y de género, especialmente por parte de los demás agentes y actores del sistema penitenciario. La identidad y el cuerpo son espacios de poder y diferencia donde se evidencia, simultáneamente el poderío y la precariedad del sistema político económico heteropatriarcal blanco occidental y su impositivo sistema de sexo-género. En este trabajo he tratado de deconstruir las rígidas nociones de feminidad y masculinidad como categorías universales, que impide vislumbrar los alcances de otras prácticas sexuales y sociales, y mostrar la necesidad identitaria travesti diversa a la norma que se expresa en la transformación radical de su cuerpo. En teoría, la cárcel es un espacio creado para la seguridad pública y la reinserción social, pero en el cual más bien se instauran prácticas violentas diametralmente opuestas a tal cometido, con la activa complicidad de varios guías, autoridades penitenciarias y un reducidísimo número de internos jerárquicamente poderosos, quienes usualmente pertenecen al Comité de Internos, ellos son quienes gobiernan sobre el sistema socio organizativo interno del ex Penal García Moreno. La importancia de reformar e implementar nuevas leyes, así como promover políticas públicas que protejan a los internos y a las denominadas ‘minorías’ sexuales, son temáticas siempre controversiales en la política Estatal, que debería considerar estas realidades antes de tomar decisiones. Finalmente, abordo el deseo como una categoría de poder y resistencia al orden heteropatriarcal imperante en el penal, donde las travestis aunque se encuentran en un estado de vulnerabilidad mayor que otros internos, pueden llegar a obtener una “ventaja relativa” debido a las fantasías y “descalabros” de la representación femenina que hacen de ellas otros internos y las propias autoridades carcelarias.

Teoría crítica ex-céntrica. Valor de uso, modernidad barroca y utopismo. Aproximaciones al pensamiento de Bolívar Echeverría (Debates)

Esta contribución discute algunas de las reflexiones del filósofo ecuatoriano Bolívar Echeverría, y su aporte al llamado “marxismo crítico” a la luz de tres categorías por él desarrolladas: “valor de uso”, ethos barroco y utopismo. En primer lugar, el autor analiza cómo Echeverría retomó el concepto valor de uso, presente en las reflexiones de Marx, para referirse a los procesos de producción y reproducción de la cultura, colocándolo así en un espacio central del análisis del capitalismo, seguidamente, se analizan las reflexiones de Echeverría en relación al estudio de la modernidad barroca, y el ethos barroco, finalmente, se aborda el problema del utopismo a partir de la construcción de una teoría crítica del marxismo descentrada del escenario que la produjo (el mundo europeo).

Deus ex machina: representaciones de la ciudad futura en el anime de ciencia ficción

La presente investigación realiza un ejercicio interpretativo sobre las formas en las que la ciudad futura se estructura en un corpus de animes de ciencia ficción japonesa. Se observó como las diferentes manifestaciones de las tensiones políticas, sociales, corporales y subversivas que se enmarcan en las nociones de tecnología, gubernamentalidad y utopía, consolidan un proyecto de ciudad futura perverso, estático y nocivo. Sin embargo se mostró como estos productos culturales representan reacciones frente a la imposición de esta ciudad. En el primer capítulo se conceptualizó sobre la ciencia ficción y la tecnología haciendo una descripción de la estrecha relación del anime y la ciencia ficción. Se mostró cómo esta relación marca un discurso de alerta sobre las propiedades de la tecnología, y su relación con el poder. En un segundo capítulo, se describió las representaciones de la ciudad en las animaciones, analizándolas bajo las nociones de “utopía”, “tecnología” y “tecnocracia”, argumentando cómo las políticas tecnócratas se relacionan con la noción de ciudad como utopía y determinando la naturaleza impositiva de la ciudad. En el tercer capítulo se expuso cómo se presentan formas de representación del control y sus respectivas resistencias, teniendo como campo en disputa la representación del cuerpo, siendo el cyborg su máxima expresión. En el cuarto se abordó una significación de la ciudad teniendo en cuenta un antecedente animado en el contexto latinoamericano de la Conquista. En las consideraciones finales, se presenta una visión en conjunto de la representación de la ciudad y el cuerpo futuro en relación con la tecnología.

Ex Vivo Construction of an Artificial Ocular Surface by Combination of Corneal Limbal Epithelial Cells and a Compressed Collagen Scaffold Containing Keratocytes

We have investigated the use of a laminin coated compressed collagen gel containing corneal fibroblasts (keratocytes) as a novel scaffold to support the growth of corneal limbal epithelial stem cells. The growth of limbal epithelial cells was compared between compressed collagen gel and a clinically proven conventional substrate, denuded amniotic membrane. Following compression of the collagen gel, encapsulated keratocytes remained viable and scanning electron microscopy showed that fibres within the compressed gel were dense, homogeneous and similar in structure to those within denuded amniotic membrane. Limbal epithelial cells were successfully expanded upon the compressed collagen resulting in stratified layers of cells containing desmosome and hemidesmosome structures. The resulting corneal constructs of both the groups shared a high degree of transparency, cell morphology and cell stratification. Similar protein expression profiles for cytokeratin 3 and cytokeratin 14 and no significant difference in cytokeratin 12 mRNA expression levels by real time PCR were also observed. This study provides the first line of evidence that a laminin coated compressed collagen gel containing keratocytes can adequately support limbal epithelial cell expansion, stratification and differentiation to a degree that is comparable to the leading conventional scaffold, denuded amniotic membrane.

Peptides generated ex vivo from serum proteins by tumor-specific exopeptidases are not useful biomarkers in ovarian cancer

BACKGROUND: The serum peptidome may be a valuable source of diagnostic cancer biomarkers. Previous mass spectrometry (MS) studies have suggested that groups of related peptides discriminatory for different cancer types are generated ex vivo from abundant serum proteins by tumor-specific exopeptidases. We tested 2 complementary serum profiling strategies to see if similar peptides could be found that discriminate ovarian cancer from benign cases and healthy controls. METHODS: We subjected identically collected and processed serum samples from healthy volunteers and patients to automated polypeptide extraction on octadecylsilane-coated magnetic beads and separately on ZipTips before MALDI-TOF MS profiling at 2 centers. The 2 platforms were compared and case control profiling data analyzed to find altered MS peak intensities. We tested models built from training datasets for both methods for their ability to classify a blinded test set. RESULTS: Both profiling platforms had CVs of approximately 15% and could be applied for high-throughput analysis of clinical samples. The 2 methods generated overlapping peptide profiles, with some differences in peak intensity in different mass regions. In cross-validation, models from training data gave diagnostic accuracies up to 87% for discriminating malignant ovarian cancer from healthy controls and up to 81% for discriminating malignant from benign samples. Diagnostic accuracies up to 71% (malignant vs healthy) and up to 65% (malignant vs benign) were obtained when the models were validated on the blinded test set. CONCLUSIONS: For ovarian cancer, altered MALDI-TOF MS peptide profiles alone cannot be used for accurate diagnoses.

Post-abscission, pre-dispersal seeds of Digitalis purpurea remain in a developmental state that is not terminated by desiccation ex planta

Seed quality may be compromised if seeds are harvested before natural dispersal (shedding). It has been shown previously that slow or delayed drying can increase potential quality compared with immediate rapid drying. This study set out to investigate whether or not there is a critical moisture content, below which drying terminates maturation events for seeds harvested after mass maturity but before dispersal. Seeds of foxglove (Digitalis purpurea) in the post-abscission pre-dispersal phase were held at between 15 and 95 % RH for 4 or 8 d, with or without re-hydration to 95 % RH for a further 4 d, before drying to equilibrium at 15 % RH. In addition, dry seeds were primed for 48 h at -1 MPa. Subsequent seed longevity was assessed at 60 % RH and 45 degrees C. Rate of germination and longevity were improved by holding seeds at a wide range of humidities after harvest. Longevity was further improved by re-hydration at 95 % RH. Priming improved the longevity of the seeds dried immediately after harvest, but not of those first held at 95 % RH for 8 d prior to drying. Maturation continued ex planta in these post-abscission, pre-dispersal seeds of D. purpurea dried at 15-80 % RH at a rate correlated positively with RH (cf. ageing of mature seeds). Subsequent re-hydration at 95 % RH enabled a further improvement in quality. Priming seeds initially stored air-dry for 3 months also allowed maturation events to resume. However, once individual seeds within the population had reached maximum longevity, priming had a negative impact on their subsequent survival.

An ex-ante evaluation of the economic impact of Bt cotton adoption by spanish farmers facing the EU cotton sector reform

Cotton production in the European Union (EU) is limited to areas of Greece and Southern Spain (Andalusia). The 2004 reform of the EU cotton policy severely affected the profitability of the crop. In this article we analyze how the introduction of genetically modified (GM), insect-resistant cotton varieties (Bt cotton) might help EU cotton farmers to increase profitability and therefore face the cotton policy reform. We first study farmers’ attitudes toward adoption of Bt cotton varieties through a survey conducted in Andalusia (Southern Spain). The results show a positive attitude of Andalusian cotton farmers toward the Bt cotton varieties. Second, we perform an ex-ante analysis of the effects of introducing Bt cotton in Andalusia. Finally, we integrate the analysis of the effects of Bt cotton with the analysis of the EU cotton reform. Our results show that despite the significant economic benefits of Bt cotton, the current policy reform is likely to jeopardize the profitability of cotton production in the EU.

Carbon addition alters vegetation composition on ex-arable fields

1. Recent changes in European agricultural policy have led to measures to reverse the loss of species-rich grasslands through the creation of new areas on ex-arable land. Ex-arable soils are often characterized by high inorganic nitrogen (N) levels, which lead to the rapid establishment of annual and fast-growing perennial species during the initial phase of habitat creation. The addition of carbon (C) to the soil has been suggested as a countermeasure to reduce plant-available N and alter competitive interactions among plant species. 2. To test the effect of C addition on habitat creation on ex-arable land, an experiment was set up on two recently abandoned fields in Switzerland and on two 6-year-old restoration sites in the UK. Carbon was added as a mixture of either sugar and sawdust or wood chips and sawdust during a period of 2 years. The effects of C addition on soil parameters and vegetation composition were assessed during the period of C additions and 1 year thereafter. 3. Soil nitrate concentrations were reduced at all sites within weeks of the first C addition, and remained low until cessation of the C additions. The overall effect of C addition on vegetation was a reduction in above-ground biomass and cover. At the Swiss sites, the addition of sugar and sawdust led to a relative increase in legume and forb cover and to a decrease in grass cover. The soil N availability, composition of soil micro-organisms and vegetation characteristics continued to be affected after cessation of C additions. 4. Synthesis and applications. The results suggest that C addition in grassland restoration is a useful management method to reduce N availability on ex-arable land. Carbon addition alters the vegetation composition by creating gaps in the vegetation that facilitates the establishment of late-seral plant species, and is most effective when started immediately after the abandonment of arable fields and applied over several years.

Difference in competence for in vitro proliferation and ex vitro growth of genetically identical mature and juvenile clones of apomictic Malus species

The apomictic system in Malus wits Used Is a model to examine rejuvenation by generating genetically identical tissue culture lines that had two entirely different developmental origins: either embryo-derived tissues (juvenile clones) or somatic tissue from the adult/mature tree (mature clones). These two lines were then subsequently used to examine in vitro difference between mature (M) and juvenile (J) tissues in potential for shoot, root proliferation and ex vitro (glasshouse) growth. The M clones of M. hupehensis and M. toringoides in vitro had significantly fewer total shoots and shoot more than 2 cm in length per proliferating explant than the J clones and also rooted less efficiently. Ex vitro (glasshouse) juvenile clones had shorter internodes, a greater number of leaves and more dry weight compared to their mature counterparts.