Response to chemotherapy with benznidazole of clones isolated from the 21SF strain of Trypanosoma cruzi (biodeme Type II, Trypanosoma cruzi II)

Susceptibility to chemotherapy with benznidazole was investigated of 5 clones isolated from the 21 SF strain (biodeme Type II, Trypanosoma cruzi II). Swiss mice were infected with the parental strain for each clone and submitted to chemotherapy with benznidazole (100mg/kg/day during 90 days). Treatment determined negativity of the parasitemia. Cure rates were evaluated by parasitological cure tests. Serology was evaluated for treated animals (titers from negative to 1:640) and untreated controls (1:160 to 1:640). Cure rates varied from 30 to 100% for the 5 clones, and were 25% for the parental strain. Results suggested that the variability of response to treatment of the clonal populations of Trypanosoma cruzi II strains is responsible for the high variation in the response to chemotherapy with benznidazole and nifurtimox by strains of this biodeme.

DNA-Protein interaction: a response regulatory protein associated with Mo homeostasis in Desulfovibrio alaskensis G20.

Dissertation for a degree in Doctor in Sustainable Chemistry

Successful therapeutic response of resistant cases of mucocutaneous leishmaniasis to a very low dose of antimony

Two mucocutaneous leishmaniasis cases resistant to therapy are reported here. After the failure of initial therapies (antimony, amphotericin B and/or pentamidine) patients received a low-dose schedule: one ampoule of meglumine antimoniate (405mg of pentavalent antimony [Sb v]) by intramuscular injection, three times a week until complete healing of the lesions. One patient was cured with a total of 30 ampoules in 10 weeks and the other received 36 ampoules in 12 weeks. Both remain clinically cured after one year of follow-up.

The secretory immunoglobulin A response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a childhood population

We report on the measurement of saliva anti-Purified Protein Derivative sIgA and 38kDa antibodies from 127 children, of whom 31 were strong tuberculosis suspects and 96 were healthy contact children. The results concerning the percentage of children with antibody reactivity to PPD and 38kDa antigens showed that, of these 2 antigens, 38kDa induced higher reactivity in patients positive and negative for the Tuberculin Skin Test (28% and 16.6%, respectively) in comparison to controls positive and negative for the TST (11.7% and 7.1%, respectively). There was a statistically significant difference between patients positive and controls negative for the TST. In relation to the Purified Protein Derivative antigen, while 14.2% of patients positive for the TST showed antibody reactivity to the PPD antigen, no patients negative for the TST had reactivity to this antigen. The findings suggest that these two antigens seem be associated with a different development of the mucosal defence mechanisms mediated by sIgA against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Achieving better service level results, through improvements in procedures

This project aims to prepare Worten Empresas (WE) fulfilling the increasing market demand through process changings, focusing on the Portuguese market, particularly on internal B2B clients1. Several methods were used to measure the current service level provided - process mapping, resources assessment, benchmark and a survey. The results were then used to compare against service level actually desired by WE’s customer, and then to identify the performance gaps in response times and quality of the follow-up during the sales process. To bridge the identified gaps, both a set of recommendations and an implementation plan were suggested to improve and monitor customer experience. This study concluded that it is possible to fulfill the increasing level of demand and at the same time improve customer satisfaction by implementing changes at the operations level.

Leptospirose humana na Província da Huíla: rastreio serológico e molecular de doentes assistidos no Hospital Central Dr. António Agostinho Neto, Lubango (Angola)

A Leptospirose é uma doença infecciosa causada por bactérias patogénicas do género Leptospira. Ocorre sobretudo nos países em desenvolvimento, em regiões tropicais e subtropicais. Nos últimos anos tem-se tornado um problema emergente de Saúde Pública, afectando uma grande diversidade de mamíferos (hospedeiros), incluindo os humanos. Actualmente observa-se um aumento do número de casos com alterações do padrão epidemiológico, assim como o ressurgimento de surtos epidémicos devido a alterações climáticas. No entanto, devido aos sintomas inespecíficos, o diagnóstico clínico é confundível com outras doenças e o laboratorial é difícil e dispendioso, requerendo recursos e técnicos especializados. Em Angola (Lubango), o diagnóstico laboratorial não é praticado devido à indisponibilidade de testes específicos, resultando no desconhecimento da sua prevalência. Assim, de modo, a determinar a sero-ocorrência da Leptospirose humana em doentes febris assistidos no Hospital Central do Lubango, contribuindo para: i) a possível inclusão desta doença no diagnóstico diferencial de doentes com síndromes febris indeterminados; e ii) implementar medidas de prevenção e controlo. Foram analisadas 300 amostras séricas obtidas em igual número de doentes febris que recorreram ao referido hospital, no período de Setembro a Dezembro de 2012, aos quais também se aplicou um inquérito clínico-epidemiológico. Foi realizada uma avaliação serológica usando a técnica de rastreio (MACROLepto), e a técnica de referência (Técnica de Aglutinação Microscópica; TAM). Para a análise molecular usou-se a Reacção em Cadeia de Polimerase (PCR), em soro utilizando primers baseados no gene hap1 (para leptospiras patogénicas). Os produtos amplificados foram sequenciados para determinação de espécies genómicas de Leptospira. A amostra populacional foi constituída por indivíduos do género masculino (111; 37%) e (189; 63%) do género feminino. A suspeita clínica de Leptospirose foi confirmada serologicamente pela TAM em (120+/300; 40%) dos doentes, e a análise por PCR foi positiva em (30+/193; 16%) das amostras analisadas. A sequenciação do DNA obtido permitiu identificar três espécies genómicas: L. borgpetersenii, L. interrogans e L. kirschneri. Os participantes no estudo foram distribuídos por grupos etários, e a média de idade foi de 30 anos, sendo os grupos (11-20 e 21- 30 anos) os mais representados, e o género feminino o mais afectado (61%). As principais manifestações clínicas foram a febre (91%), cefaleias (84%) e mialgias (59%). Em relação as variáveis de risco de infecção por Leptospira spp., verificou-se que a ausência de saneamento básico, exposição aos lixos, presença de roedores próximos das populações e o consumo de água não tratada, foram as situações mais referidas. O contacto com os roedores, seguido dos canídeos, foi referido por 97% e 41% dos doentes com resultado positivo. Quanto à proveniência, a maioria dos doentes veio de áreas suburbanas. No que respeita à ocupação destacaram-se as mulheres camponesas, estudantes e domésticas. Os soros com resultado positivo mostraram reactividade específica para leptospiras de 19 serogrupos (serovares) com maior destaque, Icterohaemorrhagiae (Copenhageni), Hebdomadis, Javanica (Poi) Australis (Bratislava) e Sejroe (Hardjobovis). O título mais elevado foi de 1:800 observado para os serovares Copenhageni, Ballum (Arborea), Panama e Pyrogenes. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que a Leptospirose está presente entre os doentes febris na província da Huíla, sendo importante incluir esta zoonose no diagnóstico diferencial e promover medidas de prevenção e controlo, especialmente nos grupos de risco agora identificados.

Tityus stigmurus (Thorell, 1876) (Scorpiones; Buthidae): response to chemical control and understanding of scorpionism among the population

In this study, the events following application of the insecticideDemand 2.5 concentrated solution (CS) in the field, to control Tityus stigmurus, were investigated. Data on attitudes and practices relating to scorpionism were collected using a questionnaire. During the months of May to July 2005, 69 premises were monitored on different days following insecticide treatment, focusing on scorpion frequency and mortality. According to the results, 42% of the premises showed scorpion incidence, with an average of three specimens per house. The highest incidence was recorded during the first week following the treatment. Only 7% of the specimens were found dead. Most (72%) of the population showed knowledge about prevention and control measures. Despite this, 100% of the premises presented breeding sites, mainly in debris (79.7%). These results indicate that the scorpion control method used by health agents during this investigation was not efficient, and the results suggest that the method may have had a dispersive effect on these animals.

Is severe visceral leishmaniasis a systemic inflammatory response syndrome? A case control study

INTRODUCTION: The objective of the study is to identify the main risk factors for death by New World visceral leishmaniasis and establish a coherent pathogenic substrate of severe disease based on clinical findings. METHODS: Seventy-six deceased inpatients and 320 successfully treated inpatients with VL were studied in a case control study. RESULTS: Bacterial infection and bleeding were mutually exclusive events leading to death. Five risk factors were unique for death by bacterial infection (malnutrition, pulmonary rales, severe anemia, severe absolute neutropenia and higher neutrophil count), while another six were unique for death by bleeding (jaundice, severe relative neutropenia, severe thrombocytopenia, liver injury, kidney failure, higher bone marrow parasite load). Bacterial infection, bleeding, severe anemia, diarrhea, dyspnea, edema, jaundice and bone marrow parasite load were the main syndromes of visceral leishmaniasis among successfully treated patients. CONCLUSIONS: The data support the idea that bacterial infections are due to immune paralysis. Broad organ and system involvement is plausibly due to the high production of proinflammatory cytokines, whose actions fit well with visceral leishmaniasis. The syndromes and causative mediators are typical of a slowly developing systemic inflammatory response syndrome.

Humoral immune response of patients bitten by the snake Bothrops erythromelas

INTRODUCTION: Snake envenomings are a health problem in rural areas of tropical and subtropical countries, but little is known regarding the immune response presented by bitten individuals. The IgM production of patients bitten by Bothrops erythromelas snake was analyzed to identify the effectiveness of treatment in this type of envenomation. METHODS: Bothrops erythromelas venom was submitted to electrophoresis and transferred to a nitrocellulose sheet, following incubation with patients' sera. RESULTS: A 38 KDa protein was detected before and 24 h after therapy. CONCLUSIONS: The result suggests that this protein could be used as a marker for individuals envenomed by Bothrops. erythromelas.

(Non) - Demand driven servitization: strategic implications for suppliers from incorporating their customers up front

Double Degree. A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Master’s Degree in Management from NOVA – School of Business and Economics and a Masters Degree in International Business, Strategy and Innovation from Maastricht University

American cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis resistant to meglumine antimoniate, but with good response to pentamidine: a case report

This is a case report of a Brazilian soldier with cutaneous leishmaniasis. The lesion relapsed following two systemic treatments with meglumine antimoniate. The patient was treated with amphotericin B, which was interrupted due to poor tolerance. Following isolation of Leishmania sp., six intralesional infiltrations of meglumine antimoniate resulted in no response. Leishmania sp promastigotes were again isolated. The patient was submitted to intramuscular 4mg/kg pentamidine. Parasites from the first and second biopsies were identified as Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis; those isolated from the first biopsy were more sensitive to meglumine antimoniate in vitro than those isolated from the second biopsy. No relapse was observed.

Especificidades da tradução para palco: o caso do espectáculo Dr. Jekyll & Mr. Hyde da Companhia do Chapitô

A tradução para palco é uma tarefa particularmente complexa, dados os problemas que coloca ao tradutor não só a nível linguístico e cultural, mas também porque envolve linguagens não-verbais e ainda a noção de performability do texto a ser levado ao palco, o que implica um conhecimento profundo dos códigos teatrais implícitos no texto e na sua performance. O presente trabalho de projecto tem por objectivo uma análise do processo de criação e tradução do guião do espectáculo Dr. Jekyll & Mr. Hyde, realizado pela Companhia do Chapitô (Lisboa) entre 2013 e 2014. Através de um processo de adaptação peculiar, inspirado na commedia dell’arte, a Companhia do Chapitô criou a peça através de uma improvisação sobre o texto original em língua inglesa, o que conduziu à criação de um guião-base em inglês que foi posteriormente traduzido para a língua portuguesa pela mestranda. O trabalho que aqui se apresenta descreve tal processo, que se reveste de características especiais devido ao método de trabalho colaborativo seguido pela referida companhia de teatro que acolheu este projecto

S100, CD68, and MHC class II molecule expression in cervical high- and low-grade HPV-induced lesions

INTRODUCTION: Some human papillomavirus (HPV) types are involved in malignant processes in the cervical epithelium, with 99% of cases attributed to oncogenic HPV infection. This study aimed to detect S100, CD68, and major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) molecules in cervical uterine epithelial samples in patients with high- and low-grade lesions induced by HPV. METHODS: Fifty-eight samples from patients who were confirmed positive or negative for high-risk oncogenic HPV DNA, had histopathological diagnosis of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) of grades I, II, or III, or were negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy were subjected to immunohistochemistry reaction to S100 protein, CD68, and MHC-II (HLA-DR alpha chain). RESULTS: The presence of MHC-II predominated in samples exhibiting histopathological alterations (p < 0.05). S100 detection was more numerous in carcinoma samples (CIN III) (75%). Presence of this protein correlated significantly (p < 0.05) with histopathological findings and viral load. CONCLUSIONS: A small expression of CD68 was observed, which may be explained by the observation in our study having been made on random microscopic fields and not on specific areas. The findings, such as the presence of S100 protein and MHC-II expression in samples with histological alterations, could suggest that the immune system fails to control HPV replication at the early stages of infection. Further studies with larger prospective data are necessary to confirm this result.