Multifunctional nanoparticles for MR and fluorescence imaging

In the past few years a new generation of multifunctional nanoparticles (NPs) has been proposed for biomedical applications, whose structure is more complex than the structure of their predecessor monofunctional counterparts. The development of these novel NPs aims at enabling or improving the performance in imaging, diagnosis and therapeutic applications. The structure of such NPs comprises several components exhibiting various functionalities that enable the nanoparticles to perform multiple tasks simultaneously, such as active targeting of certain cells or compartmentalization, imaging and delivery of active drugs. This thesis presents two types of bimodal bio-imaging probes and describes their physical and chemical properties, namely their texture, structure, and 1H dynamics and relaxometry, in order to evaluate their potential as MRI contrast agents. The photoluminescence properties of these probes are studied, aiming at assessing their interest as optical contrast agents. These materials combine the properties of the trivalent lanthanide (Ln3+) complexes and nanoparticles, offering an excellent solution for bimodal imaging. The designed T1- type contrast agent are SiO2@APS/DTPA:Gd:Ln or SiO2@APS/PMN:Gd:Ln (Ln= Eu or Tb) systems, bearing the active magnetic center (Gd3+) and the optically-active ions (Eu3+ and Tb3+) on the surface of silica NPs. Concerning the relaxometry properties, moderate r1 increases and significant r2 increases are observed in the NPs presence, especially at high magnetic fields, due to susceptibility effects on r2. The Eu3+ ions reside in a single low-symmetry site, and the photoluminescence emission is not influenced by the simultaneous presence of Gd3+ and Eu3+. The presence of Tb3+, rather than Eu3+ ion, further increases r1 but decreases r2. The uptake of these NPs by living cells is fast and results in an intensity increase in the T1-weighted MRI images. The optical features of the NPs in cellular pellets are also studied and confirm the potential of these new nanoprobes as bimodal imaging agents. This thesis further reports on a T2 contrast agent consisting of core-shell NPs with a silica shell surrounding an iron oxide core. The thickness of this silica shell has a significant impact on the r2 and r2* relaxivities, and a tentative model is proposed to explain this finding. The cell viability and the mitochondrial dehydrogenase expression given by the microglial cells are also evaluated.

Abordagens ao ensino e práticas de questionamento no ensino superior

A emergência de uma nova Sociedade baseada na Informação e no Conhecimento despoletou transformações pedagógicas profundas nas instituições de Ensino Superior. Esta agenda para a inovação, no sentido de um ensino mais centrado nos alunos e no desenvolvimento de competências, tem exigido um esforço acrescido de toda a comunidade académica e, sobretudo, por parte dos professores universitários. Num contexto de recetividade para a mudança, mas com dificuldade de operacionalização da mesma, este estudo visa contribuir para a compreensão e superação de fatores que parecem dificultar a transposição da inovação para as práticas de ensino-aprendizagem correntes, através de duas frentes investigativas: i) caracterizar os docentes na sua dimensão conceptual, o que pensam e o que os motiva, e na sua dimensão prática, isto é, as estratégias didáticas que adotam e adaptam; e ainda, ii) criar oportunidades de concretização de inovação através do desenho de estratégias promotoras de questionamento dos alunos, e também dos docentes. A formulação de questões, e a procura de respostas, é reconhecida como sendo fundamental no desenvolvimento e na aplicação de competências centrais, tais como o pensamento crítico e reflexivo, sendo igualmente importante na resolução de problemas. Assim, numa articulação dinâmica entre conhecer, compreender e agir, a investigação envolveu uma colaboração próxima com um grupo de quatro docentes universitários, ao longo de dois anos letivos consecutivos (2009/2010 e 2010/2011), na conceptualização e implementação de diversas estratégias didáticas impulsionadoras do questionamento dos alunos, promovendo-se igualmente o questionamento reflexivo nos docentes. O trabalho foi desenvolvido no contexto de duas unidades curriculares semestrais (Microbiologia e Temas e Laboratórios em Biologia), destinadas sobretudo a alunos do primeiro ano. Enquanto estudo longitudinal de casos múltiplos, com características etnográficas e de investigação-ação, o trabalho de campo envolveu a combinação de diversos métodos de recolha de dados. Realizaram-se várias observações de aulas, assim como entrevistas semi-estruturadas, aos quatro professores colaboradores, e a alguns dos seus alunos. Aplicou-se ainda, em momentos específicos da investigação, uma versão portuguesa do Approaches to Teaching Inventory – ATI (Trigwell, Prosser, & Ginns, 2005) aos docentes. Recolheram-se também todos os documentos escritos produzidos pelos alunos e pelos professores no âmbito da investigação. Todo o desenho investigativo, assim como a análise dos dados, nomeadamente análise de conteúdo e análise documental, encontra-se fundamentado na literatura teórico-empírica de três áreas da especialidade: estudo do questionamento, análise do discurso oral em contexto de aulas de ciências e estudo das conceções e práticas de ensino dos docentes universitários, destacando-se nesta última a linha investigativa das Abordagens ao Ensino. Os resultados obtidos, assim como a reflexão sobre o percurso investigativo, possibilitaram a obtenção de contributos inovadores e úteis no sentido da promoção de um Ensino Superior de qualidade. Por um lado, são de salientar as evidências recolhidas com os quatro casos (docentes) que apontam para uma natureza integrativa das conceptualizações de ensino, constituindo um contributo teórico relevante para o debate académico desta área. Por outro, foi possível aceder a dinâmicas associadas à formulação de questões por docentes universitários em contexto de aulas teórico-práticas e práticas, através do desenvolvimento e aplicação de um modelo de categorização de questionamento. Por fim, a conjugação de evidências do campo das ‘teorias de ensino’ (observação indireta) com as ‘práticas de ensino’ (observação direta) dos docentes possibilitou a identificação e caracterização de uma possível relação entre Práticas de Questionamento e Abordagens ao Ensino de professores universitários, ampliando desta forma o modelo conceptual de Keith Trigwell e colaboradores (Trigwell, Prosser, & Taylor, 1994). Enquanto investigação híbrida que se orientou por princípios do paradigma interpretativo-naturalista, e, também, do paradigma sócio-crítico, foi igualmente possível identificar um conjunto de recomendações específicas para a inovação e para a reflexividade, no sentido de estimular a comunidade académica, e os professores universitários em particular, a agirem como promotores de estratégias didáticas centradas no desenvolvimento de competências.

Geofencing Components and Existing Models

This paper describes the various Geofencing Components and Existing Models in terms of their Information Security Control Attribute Profiles. The profiles will dictate the security attributes that should accompany each and every Geofencing Model used for Wi-Fi network security control in an organization, thus minimizing the likelihood of malfunctioning security controls. Although it is up to an organization to investigate the best way of implementing information security for itself, by looking at the related models that have been used in the past this paper will present models commonly used to implement information security controls in the organizations. Our findings will highlight the strengths and weaknesses of the various models and present what our experiment and prototype consider as a robust Geofencing Security Model for securing Wi-Fi Networks

Improved line/edge detection and visual reconstruction

Lines and edges provide important information for object categorization and recognition. In addition, one brightness model is based on a symbolic interpretation of the cortical multi-scale line/edge representation. In this paper we present an improved scheme for line/edge extraction from simple and complex cells and we illustrate the multi-scale representation. This representation can be used for visual reconstruction, but also for nonphotorealistic rendering. Together with keypoints and a new model of disparity estimation, a 3D wireframe representation of e.g. faces can be obtained in the future.

Multi-scale lines and edges in V1 and beyond: brightness, object categorization and recognition, and consciousness

In this paper we present an improved model for line and edge detection in cortical area V1. This model is based on responses of simple and complex cells, and it is multi-scale with no free parameters. We illustrate the use of the multi-scale line/edge representation in different processes: visual reconstruction or brightness perception, automatic scale selection and object segregation. A two-level object categorization scenario is tested in which pre-categorization is based on coarse scales only and final categorization on coarse plus fine scales. We also present a multi-scale object and face recognition model. Processing schemes are discussed in the framework of a complete cortical architecture. The fact that brightness perception and object recognition may be based on the same symbolic image representation is an indication that the entire (visual) cortex is involved in consciousness.

Assessing the effects of pseudo-absences on predictive distribution model performance

Modelling species distributions with presence data from atlases, museum collections and databases is challenging. In this paper, we compare seven procedures to generate pseudoabsence data, which in turn are used to generate GLM-logistic regressed models when reliable absence data are not available. We use pseudo-absences selected randomly or by means of presence-only methods (ENFA and MDE) to model the distribution of a threatened endemic Iberian moth species (Graellsia isabelae). The results show that the pseudo-absence selection method greatly influences the percentage of explained variability, the scores of the accuracy measures and, most importantly, the degree of constraint in the distribution estimated. As we extract pseudo-absences from environmental regions further from the optimum established by presence data, the models generated obtain better accuracy scores, and over-prediction increases. When variables other than environmental ones influence the distribution of the species (i.e., non-equilibrium state) and precise information on absences is non-existent, the random selection of pseudo-absences or their selection from environmental localities similar to those of species presence data generates the most constrained predictive distribution maps, because pseudo-absences can be located within environmentally suitable areas. This study showsthat ifwe do not have reliable absence data, the method of pseudo-absence selection strongly conditions the obtained model, generating different model predictions in the gradient between potential and realized distributions.

Spatial variability of macroinvertebrate assemblages and the influence of hydrological and environmental variables along the Sigi River, Tanzania-East Africa

The study of investigating the spatial and temporal variability of macroinvertebrate and their relation to hydrology, hydraulic and environmental factors was done along the Sigi River during two sampling periods in the dry (March) and wet (May) periods of 2012. The river was demarcated based on slope ranges and five river zones were identified as mountains streams (MS), upper foothills (UF), lower foothills (LF), rejuvenated foothills (REJ) and mature lower river (MR). Samples of macroinvertebrate were collected from the five river zones and measurements of hydrological (discharge), hydraulics (Depth, velocity and Froude number) and Environmental (pH, Temperature, substrate, conductivity) parameters were done in each zone. In characterizing the macroinvertebrate assemblages along the Sigi River diversity indices (number of taxa, total abundances, Margalef richness index and ShannonWiener index) were calculated and the most representative species for the spatial and temporal variation were identified. Melanoides and Afronurous showed differences in abundance in two samplings periods while Cleopatra, Potamonautes, Ephemerythus, Neoperla, Caenis, Ceratogomphus and Cheumatopsyche showed significant difference among the river zones. Spearman rank correlation and Distance Linear Model (DistLM) used to revealed physical factors governing the macroinvertebrate assemblages distribution. The study demonstrated that the variation of physical factors like discharge, temperature, conductivity and pH have an important role in the spatial distribution of macroinvertebrate assemblages along the river and the life cycle of macroinvertebrate (Afronurus) is important in determining the temporal variability.

Práticas de modernização administrativa : relação entre formação e avaliação

Relatório de estágio de mestrado, Ciências da Educação (Avaliação em Educação), Universidade de Lisboa, Instituto de Educação, 2011

Students' engagement in schools: differentiation and promotion

Comunicação apresentada no XI Congresso da AEPEC (Associação da Educação Pluridimensional e da Escola Cultural) - Da exclusão à excelência - caminhos organizacionais para a qualidade da educação. Évora: Universidade de Évora, 16, 17 e 18 de Setembro de 2010.

Maternal breastfeeding in Portugal: factors associated with the duration and premature cessation

Tese de mestrado em Bioestatística, apresentada à Universidade de Lisboa, através da Faculdade de Ciências, 2013

Alexithymia, emotional processing and psychotherapy : a mixed methods research

Tese de doutoramento, Psicologia (Psicologia Clínica), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Psicologia, 2014

How hydrogen peroxide and CXCL8 modulate neutrophil recruitment "in vivo"

Tese de doutoramento, Ciências Biomédicas (Biologia Celular e Molecular), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina, 2014

A Service Model For Delivering Care Closer to Home.

Upton Surgery (Worcestershire) has developed a flexible and responsive service model that facilitates multi-agency support for adult patients with complex care needs experiencing an acute health crisis. The purpose of this service is to provide appropriate interventions that avoid unnecessary hospital admissions or, alternatively, provide support to facilitate early discharge from secondary care. Key aspects of this service are the collaborative and proactive identification of patients at risk, rapid creation and deployment of a reactive multi-agency team and follow-up of patients with an appropriate long-term care plan. A small team of dedicated staff (the Complex Care Team) are pivotal to coordinating and delivering this service. Key skills are sophisticated leadership and project management skills, and these have been used sensitively to challenge some traditional roles and boundaries in the interests of providing effective, holistic care for the patient. This is a practical example of early implementation of the principles underlying the Department of Health’s (DH) recent Best Practice Guidance, ‘Delivering Care Closer to Home’ (DH, July 2008) and may provide useful learning points for other general practice surgeries considering implementing similar models. This integrated case management approach has had enthusiastic endorsement from patients and carers. In addition to the enhanced quality of care and experience for the patient, this approach has delivered value for money. Secondary care costs have been reduced by preventing admissions and also by reducing excess bed-days. The savings achieved have justified the ongoing commitment to the service and the staff employed in the Complex Care Team. The success of this service model has been endorsed recently by the ‘Customer Care’ award by ‘Management in Practice’. The Surgery was also awarded the ‘Practice of the Year’ award for this and a number of other customer-focussed projects.

The LH5 model for data mining

In the age of E-Business many companies faced with massive data sets that must be analysed for gaining a competitive edge. these data sets are in many instances incomplete and quite often not of very high quality. Although statistical analysis can be used to pre-process these data sets, this technique has its own limitations. In this paper we are presenting a system - and its underlying model - that can be used to test the integrity of existing data and pre-process the data into clearer data sets to be mined. LH5 is a rule-based system, capable of self-learning and is illustrated using a medical data set.

Continental surface water and energy budgets in the XX and XXI centuries

Tese de doutoramento, Ciências Geofísicas e da Geoinformação (Meteorologia), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, 2015