County of Welland estimate of work done on the main drain of the marsh lands by Alexander Cook

County of Welland estimate of work done on the main drain of the marsh lands by Alexander Cook, unsigned. Estimate no.24, Aug., 1857.

County of Welland estimate of work done on the main drain of the marsh lands by Alexander Cook

County of Welland estimate of work done on the main drain of the marsh lands by Alexander Cook, unsigned. Estimate no.25, Sept., 1857.

County of Welland estimate of work done on the main drain of the marsh lands by Alexander Cook

County of Welland estimate of work done on the main drain of the marsh lands by Alexander Cook, unsigned. Estimate no.26, Oct., 1857.

County of Welland estimate of work done on the main drain of the marsh lands by Alexander Cook

County of Welland estimate of work done on the main drain of the marsh lands by Alexander Cook, unsigned. Estimate no.27, Nov., 1857.

County of Welland final estimate of work done on the main drain of the marsh lands by Alexander Cook

County of Welland final estimate of work done on the main drain of the marsh lands by Alexander Cook complete with notes and calculations of quantities. This document is unsigned. Estimate no.28, Dec., 1857.

Chart of final estimate of work done on section no.10, locks 24, 25 and 26 by Sharp and Quinn

Chart of final estimate of work done on section no.10, locks 24, 25 and 26 by Sharp and Quinn, contractors commenced Nov. 1843 and was finished May 1845.

Chart of final estimate of work done between Port Dalhousie and lock no.2 by Robert Jobson

Chart of final estimate of work done between Port Dalhousie and lock no.2 by Robert Jobson, contractor. The work commenced Nov. 1846 and was finished April 1847 on sections A and B, July 1847.

Chart of land drainage for the Welland Canal final estimate of work done on sections no.1, 2 and 3

Chart of land drainage for the Welland Canal final estimate of work done on sections no.1, 2 and 3 on the road below lock no. 2 leading to Port Dalhousie. Work commenced Nov. 1846 and finished July 1847. Road work and the waste weir no.1 to Port Dalhousie work commenced Aug. 1847 and finished Sept. 1847, Nov.1, 1847.

Receipt from James Dangan for work done

Receipt from James Dangan for work done, Sept. 28, 1876.

Receipt from Allan and Bro. of St. Catharines for work done on walls

Receipt from Allan and Bro. of St. Catharines for work done on walls, Oct. 31, 1876.

Receipt from J.D. Hibbard for brick and stone work

Receipt from J.D. Hibbard for brick and stone work, Dec. 14, 1876.

Receipt from Geo. Lloyd of St. Catharines for work done regarding heating and pipes

Receipt from Geo. Lloyd of St. Catharines for work done regarding heating and pipes, Jan. 1, 1877.

Receipt from Chatfield and Neelon, Specialties, Steamboat Work and Engineers’ Supplies, St. Catharines

Receipt from Chatfield and Neelon, Specialties, Steamboat Work and Engineers’ Supplies, St. Catharines for various fittings, March 31, 1887.

Receipt from George Wilson, Contractor and Builder, St. Catharines for contracting work

Receipt from George Wilson, Contractor and Builder, St. Catharines for contracting work, Sept. 30, 1887.

The Social Power of Bodin's 'Sovereignty' and International Law

The word ‘sovereignty’ provides a forceful example of the social power of language as an organic instrument playing a leading role in the continuous and continuing process of creating and transforming human reality. The paper examines a pivotal episode in the history of the word ‘sovereignty’ — its formal introduction in the 16th century by Jean Bodin in his Six Livres de la Republique. It focuses on the social effects ‘sovereignty’ has had on the shared consciousness of humanity, including that of the international community. The proposed metalogical inquiry adopts a method that draws from the hermeneutic school of historical knowledge. The argument is that Bodin used ‘sovereignty’ for the purpose of attributing to the ruler (the French king) supreme power in the hierarchical organisational structure of society. This idea of a pyramid of authority is found in different elements of the discourse in Six Livres de la Republique, which is examined in the immediate context of Bodin’s personal background as well as the extended social, political and intellectual context of 16th century France. The conclusion shows that Bodin’s work was the first seminal step in the development of contemporary ideas of ‘internal sovereignty’ and ‘external sovereignty’. It is thus part of the history of the true power that the word at hand has exercised in framing the international state system and hence the international legal system.