Termination of major ductile strike-slip shear and differential cooling along the Insubric line (Central Alps): U-Pb, Rb-Sr and 40Ar/39Ar ages of cross-cutting pegmatites

To constrain the age of strike-slip shear, related granitic magmatism, and cooling along the Insubric line, 29 size fractions of monazite and xenotime were dated by the U-Pb method, and a series of 25 Rb-Sr and Ar-40/Ar-39 ages were measured on different size fractions of muscovite and biotite. The three pegmatitic intrusions analyzed truncate high-grade metamorphic mylonite gneisses of the Simplon shear zone, a major Alpine structure produced in association with dextral strike-slip movements along the southern edge of the European plate, after collision with its Adriatic indenter. Pegmatites and aplites were produced between 29 and 25 Ma in direct relation to right-lateral shear along the Insubric line, by melting of continental crust having Sr-87/Sr-86 between 0.7199 and 0.7244 at the time of melting. High-temperature dextral strike-slip shear was active at 29.2 +/- 0.2 (2 sigma) Ma, and it terminated before 26.4 +/- 0.1 Ma. During dike injection, temperatures in the country rocks of the Isorno-Orselina and Monte Rosa structural units did not exceed approximate to 500 degrees C, leading to fast initial cooling, followed by slower cooling to approximate to 350 degrees C within several million years. In one case, initial cooling to approximate to 500 degrees C was significantly delayed by about 4 m.y., with final cooling to approximate to 300 degrees C at 20-19 Ma in all units. For the period between 29 and 19 Ma, cooling of the three sample localities was non-uniform in space and time, with significant variations on the kilometre scale. These differences are most likely due to strongly varying heat flow, and/or heterogeneous distribution of unroofing rates within the continuously deforming Insubric line. If entirely ascribed to differences in unroofing, corresponding rates would vary between 0.5 and 2.5 mm/y, for a thermal gradient of 30 degrees/km.

The Iowa State Capitol Grounds 1913 Extension and Reconstruction Project, October 2012

The Capitol grounds have been evolving through planned and unplanned actions for more than 150 years. The 1857 Constitutio established Des Moines as the capital. The commissioners appointed to choose a site decided on land donated by Wilson Alexander Scott and Harrison Lyon. Located on the east side of the Des Moines River, on a gently rising hill, the site for the Iowa State Capitol began with fewer than 10 acres. The Old Brick Capitol was built in the center of that 10-acre plot, and the area to the north was used as a public park until work began on the present day Capitol. In 1884, the two-year process of moving from the Old Brick Capitol to the new Capitol began. The state commissioned John Weidenman to design the first formal decoration of the grounds. Weidenman’s plans for the west approach to the Capitol included planting statues, and walkways. The State held some additional land but not necessarily land adjacent to the Capitol. In 1909, legislation was passed, and in 1913, the Thirty-Fifth General Assembly enacted controversial legislation to acquire additional land. A commission was formed to locate a purposed monument honoring the long-serving U.S. Senator William B. Allison. E.L. Masqueray was hired as the architect expert focusing on the selection of a proper site for the proposed Allison Memorial. Masqueray’s plan detailed the placement of buildings and potential monuments. Growth of the Capitol Complex, as known today, began.

Audit report on the City of West Branch, Iowa for the year ended June 30, 2013

Audit report on the City of West Branch, Iowa for the year ended June 30, 2013

[Voyage en Italie : 1824-1830]. , Palais de la Chancellerie. Détails du Soubassement, au dixième de l'Exec[u]tion : [élévation partielle, profil] : [dessin] / h. L. [Henri Labrouste]

Référence bibliographique : Weigert, 574

[Voyage en Italie : 1824-1830]. , Palais de la Chancellerie. Détails de l'ordre du premier Etage. au dixième de l'Exec[u]tion : [élévation partielle, profils] : [dessin] / h. L. [Henri Labrouste]

Référence bibliographique : Weigert, 575

[Voyage en Italie : 1824-1830]. , Palais de la Chancellerie. Détails du Troisième ordre de la façade, au dixième de l'Exec[u]tion : [élévation partielle, profils] : [dessin] / h. L. [Henri Labrouste]

Référence bibliographique : Weigert, 576

Der Anpassungsprozess von Ost an West - schnell aber nicht homogen. Teil 2 der Serie : Entwicklung der Mobilität im vereinten Deutschland

The article investigates the question, whether and in how far the travel behaviour of the former GDR inhabitants and the former FRG inhabitants has equalled since the years after the German reunification. A person-group specific analysis shows that the major differences still consist only in the elderly of age 60 and above. This is mainly due to the much slower process of motorization within this age group in the former GDR. In the younger age groups the adaption of the travel behaviour has almost been achieved; mainly as a consequence of the fast motorization process since 1990 in these age groups. Where differences are still valid, this stems firstly from worse supply conditions, especially with public transport, but also with road infrastructure, as can be seen by an overall lower system speed in the former GDR. A panel analysis shows, that the dynamics in terms of transport specific life style changes is far more relevant in the former GDR than former FRC. This is linked with higher mobility in the persons with such changes. These changes will probably come to an end once the economic development will have stabilised and the cohort with the biggest behavioural differences will gradually decrease.

CH‚́ emissions from a West Siberian mire

Tiivistelmä: Metaanivuo länsi-siperialaiselta suolta