Disentangling Double Politikverflechtung? The implications of the federal reforms for Bund-Länder relations on Europe

The recent reforms of German federalism (Reform I) have established a new framework for Bund–Länder co-operation on EU policy. These seek to safeguard Germany's ability to co-operate in Europe by disentangling the joint roles and responsibilities bound up within the complex arrangements of the EU policy-making system, defined as a multiple framework of joint decisions, or doppelte Politikverflechtung. Whilst on the surface, the reforms enacted may be read as a success for the Länder in their bid to secure autonomy on European issues, closer analysis reveals that these changes may in fact hamper the Länder agenda on European issues, closing off new opportunities for influence.

One of the first abortion demonstrations in Union Square

General note: Title and date provided by Bettye Lane.

Map showing properties under jurisdiction of the Architect of the Capitol : [Capitol Hill, Washington, D.C.] /

Also shows government buildings and block numbers.

Sketch showing the positions of the redoubts and batteries of the lines of the U.S. Forces in front of Petersburg /

Shows fortifications and names of some residents.

So many, so much, so far, so fast : United States Transportation Command and strategic deployment for Operation Desert Shield/Desert Storm /

Mode of access: Internet.

Port and terminal charges at United States Great lakes ports.

At head of title: War Department. Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army .

Releasable data on United States Air Force aerospace vehicles.

1964 ed. published under title: Releasable data on USAF aerospace vehicles.

United States government annual report.

Mode of access: Internet.

United States Army OMA, a keystone appropriation.

Cover title.

United States Army Materiel Command, Field Assistance in Science & Technology Program.

Mode of access: Internet.

Landing party manual, United States Navy.

Pamphlets in loose-leaf binder.

A five-year perspective of the Comprehensive Health Insurance Plan (CHIP).

"May 1995."

Port and Terminal Charges at United States Ports

Mode of access: Internet.

Map showing areas comprising United States Capitol grounds /

Shows government buildings and boundaries of Capitol grounds.

Awareness and Coverage of the National Health Insurance Scheme among Formal Sector Workers in Ilorin, Nigeria

A prepayment scheme for health through the National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) was commenced in Nigeria about ten years ago. Nigeria operates a federal system of government. Sub- national levels possess a high degree of autonomy in a number of sectors including health. It is important to assess the level of coverage of the scheme among the formal sector workers in Nigeria as a proxy to gauge the extent of coverage of the scheme and derive suitable lessons that could be used in its expansion. This is a cross-sectional, descriptive survey carried out among formal sector workers in Ilorin Kwara State, Nigeria. A stratified sampling technique was used to select study participants. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from respondents. Data was analysed with the SPSS. Ethical approval to conduct the study was obtained from the Bowen University Teaching Hospital Research Ethics Committee. A total of 370 people participated in the study. Majority, (78.9%) of the respondents were aware of the NHIS, however only 13.5 % paid for health care services through the NHIS. Logistic regression analysis shows that respondents with post-secondary education (OR = 9.032, CI = 2.562 – 31.847, p = 0.001) and in federal civil service (OR = 2.679, CI = 1.036 – 6.929, p = 0.042) were over nine and three times more likely to be aware of the scheme than others. Coverage of the scheme among the respondents was unimpressive. A lot still need to be done to fast-track the expansion of the scheme among this sector of the population.