Determinants of Broadband Access: Is Platform Competition always the Key Variable to Success?

Previous studies have identified the rivalry among technological platforms as one of the main driving forces of broadband services penetration. This paper draws on data from the Spanish market between 2005 and 2011 to estimate the main determinants of broadband prices. Controlling for broadband tariffs features and network variables, we examine the impact of the different modes of competition on prices. We find that inter-platform competition has no significant effects over prices, while intra-platform competition is a key driver of the prices charged in the broadband market. Our analysis suggests that the impact of different types of competition on prices is critically affected by the levels of development of the broadband market achieved by the considered country

Una aproximación cuantitativa de las cargas del Estado y de las CCAA : distribución de competencias y gasto efectuado

We distinguish and quantify which part of the expenditures of the Spanish central government are on own competences, on competences of the regional governments and those that are on shared powers between both levels of government. The results obtained show that a great amount of the expenditures actually done by the central government are in fact on competences of the regional governments and on shared powers

Las emociones como variables relacionadas con el cambio de hábitos de salud en familiares y amigos próximos de enfermos de cáncer

Study of the changes in health habits of 105 cancer patients’ relatives and close friends after the diagnosis. The aim is to try to verify whether the knowledge of the disease has got some impact in the modification of their life styles. The emotional alterations influence in this change of behaviour has been analysed futhermore. An interview of own creation and HADS (Anxiety Hospital and Depression Scale of Zigmond and Snaith, 1983) instrument, in a Spanish and a Catalan version, were used with this aim. The results show that 21.1% of the participants presented positive changes in their health habits after the diagnosis of the relative or close friend and 11.5% showed negative changes. In relation to the role of the emotions, averages of anxiety (14,33; d.t.=4,98) and depressive (10,17; d.t.=4,93) symptoms were higher in those subjects who made negative changes than in those who did not make any change (9,32; d.t.=5,37 and 6,33; d.t.=4,64). In addition, the youngest participants, with more depressive symptoms and who visit the subject more often, are those who become more assets modifying health habits. The results suggest that emotional alterations, mainly depressive symptoms, are associated with negative change and, therefore, it would be suitable to lend some type of attention to these alterations in the population studied with the purpose of improving their present and future health

Els briòfits de les basses de l’Albera, Alt Empordà

We have studied some depressions and areas temporarily flooded where after the water evaporates, a high diversity and abundance of bryophyta can be observed on the emerged soil. For the distribution of these bryophytes we have established three concentric zones according to their humidity level. At the most external one, which is seldom flooded, the hepatics Riccia gougetiana and Fossombronia maritima were found, as well as various Anthocerotae. At the emerged zone Pseudephemerum nitidum, Archidium alternifolium and a high number of Riccia species, such as R. macrocarpa and R. warnstorfii could be found. In some depressions with a long flooding period, we observed pleurocarpous mosses such as Amblystegium riparium and Drepanocladus aduncus

Los enfoques de aprendizaje en estudiantes universitarios Catalanes mediante el approaches and study skills inventory for students (ASSIST) = Learning Approaches of Catalan University Students Measured with the Approaches and Study Skills Inventory for Students (ASSIST)

The aim of this study is to measure the psychometric properties of a Catalan translation of the Approaches and Study Skills Inventory for Students (ASSIST), and to analyse the different learning styles used by university students, considering the influence of gender and type of studies. The instrument was administered to 834 students at the University of Girona. The results showed that most students interviewed had a deep approach to learning, although the analysis by gender showed that females tended to use a more strategic approach, while males used a deep approach predominantly. As to whether the type of studies influenced learning styles, a prevalence of deep approach was found among Science and Technology students, while a more strategic approach was found among Humanities and Education students

Mercury analysis in hair: comparability and quality assessment within the transnational COPHES/DEMOCOPHES project

Human biomonitoring (HBM) is an effective tool for assessing actual exposure to chemicals that takes into account all routes of intake. Although hair analysis is considered to be an optimal biomarker for assessing mercury exposure, the lack of harmonization as regards sampling and analytical procedures has often limited the comparison of data at national and international level. The European-funded projects COPHES and DEMOCOPHES developed and tested a harmonized European approach to Human Biomonitoring in response to the European Environment and Health Action Plan. Herein we describe the quality assurance program (QAP) for assessing mercury levels in hair samples from more than 1800 mother-child pairs recruited in 17 European countries. To ensure the comparability of the results, standard operating procedures (SOPs) for sampling and for mercury analysis were drafted and distributed to participating laboratories. Training sessions were organized for field workers and four external quality-assessment exercises (ICI/EQUAS), followed by the corresponding web conferences, were organized between March 2011 and February 2012. ICI/EQUAS used native hair samples at two mercury concentration ranges (0.20-0.71 and 0.80-1.63) per exercise. The results revealed relative standard deviations of 7.87-13.55% and 4.04-11.31% for the low and high mercury concentration ranges, respectively. A total of 16 out of 18 participating laboratories the QAP requirements and were allowed to analyze samples from the DEMOCOPHES pilot study. Web conferences after each ICI/EQUAS revealed this to be a new and effective tool for improving analytical performance and increasing capacity building. The procedure developed and tested in COPHES/DEMOCOPHES would be optimal for application on a global scale as regards implementation of the Minamata Convention on Mercury.

Indicators for the characterization of discrete Choquet integrals

Ordered weighted averaging (OWA) operators and their extensions are powerful tools used in numerous decision-making problems. This class of operator belongs to a more general family of aggregation operators, understood as discrete Choquet integrals. Aggregation operators are usually characterized by indicators. In this article four indicators usually associated with the OWA operator are extended to discrete Choquet integrals: namely, the degree of balance, the divergence, the variance indicator and Renyi entropies. All of these indicators are considered from a local and a global perspective. Linearity of indicators for linear combinations of capacities is investigated and, to illustrate the application of results, indicators of the probabilistic ordered weighted averaging -POWA- operator are derived. Finally, an example is provided to show the application to a specific context.

Prevalence of alcohol-impaired drivers based on random breath tests in a roadside survey

Sobriety checkpoints are not usually randomly located by traffic authorities. As such, information provided by non-random alcohol tests cannot be used to infer the characteristics of the general driving population. In this paper a case study is presented in which the prevalence of alcohol-impaired driving is estimated for the general population of drivers. A stratified probabilistic sample was designed to represent vehicles circulating in non-urban areas of Catalonia (Spain), a region characterized by its complex transportation network and dense traffic around the metropolis of Barcelona. Random breath alcohol concentration tests were performed during spring 2012 on 7,596 drivers. The estimated prevalence of alcohol-impaired drivers was 1.29 PER CENT, which is roughly a third of the rate obtained in non-random tests. Higher rates were found on weekends (1.90 PER CENT on Saturdays, 4.29 PER CENT on Sundays) and especially at night. The rate is higher for men (1.45 PER CENT) than for women (0.64 PER CENT) and the percentage of positive outcomes shows an increasing pattern with age. In vehicles with two occupants, the proportion of alcohol-impaired drivers is estimated at 2.62 PER CENT, but when the driver was alone the rate drops to 0.84 PER CENT, which might reflect the socialization of drinking habits. The results are compared with outcomes in previous surveys, showing a decreasing trend in the prevalence of alcohol-impaired drivers over time.

Ironies de l'assaig. Ors, Pla, Fuster: història intel·lectual de l'adhesió incompleta

Per a començar a reflexionar sobre el paper de la ironia en l"assaig, pot ser un bon punt de partida una de les sempre interessants reflexions sobre el gènere que Joan Fuster (1965: 9) tenia per costum regalar cada cop que en preparava un recull, rescatats de la calaixera o de l"hemeroteca: 'D"això que jo escric proses divagatòries de tímida especulació, oscil·lants entre la ironia i la bona fe , els experts solen dir-ne «assaigs».

The use of flexible quantile-based measures in risk assessment

A new family of distortion risk measures -GlueVaR- is proposed in Belles- Sampera et al. -2013- to procure a risk assessment lying between those provided by common quantile-based risk measures. GlueVaR risk measures may be expressed as a combination of these standard risk measures. We show here that this relationship may be used to obtain approximations of GlueVaR measures for general skewed distribution functions using the Cornish-Fisher expansion. A subfamily of GlueVaR measures satisfies the tail-subadditivity property. An example of risk measurement based on real insurance claim data is presented, where implications of tail-subadditivity in the aggregation of risks are illustrated.

(Des)obediències de la reducció vocàlica en el català de Mallorca

En el català de Mallorca, el procés de reducció vocàlica de les vocals mitjanes de la sèrie anterior a e neutra en posició àtona no opera (o subaplica) en determinades circumstàncies: (a) en formes derivades productives amb una vocal àtona situada a la síl·laba esquerra o inicial del radical i alternant amb e tancada o e oberta en el radical de la forma primitiva; (b) en formes verbals amb una vocal àtona situada a la síl·laba esquerra o inicial del radical i alternant amb e tancada en una altra forma verbal del mateix paradigma flexiu; (c) en manlleus i paraules apreses amb una vocal àtona e situada, també, a la síl·laba esquerra o inicial del radical i generalment precedida d"una consonant labial. En aquest treball, argumentem que hi ha dos factors que conspiren perquè això sigui d"aquesta manera: (a) tal com ja s"ha fet notar en treballs anteriors, la voluntat d"aquestes vocals d"assemblar-se a les vocals corresponents que apareixen en mots del mateix paradigma derivatiu o flexiu, i, en el cas de la derivació, sobretot quan la relació derivativa és productiva; (b) l"estatus privilegiat de la síl·laba situada a l"esquerra o a l"inici del radical. Per donar compte del primer factor, proposem una nova interpretació dels fets emmarcada en la Teoria de la Correspondència Transderivacional i el model dels Paradigmes Òptims. Per donar compte del segon factor, que ha passat desapercebut en aproximacions anteriors a les mateixes dades, partim de la Teoria de la Fidelitat Posicional i de la Teoria del Marcatge Posicional.

Programa Educatiu per a persones en dol: Aplicació a l’Atenció Primària

El dol és un conjunt de processos psicològics i psicosocials que són resultat de la pèrdua d’un ésser al qual la persona estava vinculada afectivament. Aquest treball presenta un programa d’educació per a la salut per ajudar a superar el procés del dol en l’atenció primària. L’objectiu del programa és proporcionar, a les persones que han patit una pèrdua, els instruments necessaris per a elaborar un bon procés de dol. Proposo un programa d’educació sanitària grupal de 8 sessions. Hi ha marcats uns objectius educatius i de salut, juntament amb uns criteris de resultat. L’avaluació es realitza a través d’un qüestionari i una entrevista individual i una altra grupal, per valorar si s’han aconseguit els objectius proposats. Paraules clau: dol, acompanyament a persones en dol, programa sanitari, atenció primària, suport emocional, teràpia, tècniques de comunicació, grups de suport al dol

Las cerámicas de cocción reductora del yacimiento de L’Esquerda (Roda de Ter, Barcelona)

Este estudio se ha centrado en la caracterización macroscópica y mediante microscopio óptico de dos grupos de cerámica de cocción reductora del yacimiento de l’Esquerda (Roda de Ter, Barcelona): las cerámicas grises de la costa catalana, de época ibérica, y las cerámicas grises medievales. El objetivo era doble: por un lado, identificar producciones y su posible procedencia, y por el otro, intentar establecer un método de clasificación que permita la posterior clasificación del resto del material cerámico del yacimiento. Muestras de otros tipos materiales de posible producción local han servido como material de referencia dada la falta de evidencias arqueológicas de hornos. Los resultados han permitido identificar dos fragmentos importados, uno de ellos desde Italia, mientras que el resto del material es muy homogéneo y no presenta elementos claros que indiquen una producción no local.

El éxito escolar no depende de la proporción de inmigrantes sino de la aplicación de las actuaciones de éxito

Diversas propuestas políticas y la literatura científica dominante en nuestro estado parten de la afirmación racista que una proporción elevada de alumnado inmigrante es causa del fracaso escolar. Así, la distribución equilibrada del alumnado o la organización del aula adaptándola a los distintos niveles y necesidades de su alumnado son propuestas que intentan solventar la desigualdad educativa existente. Sin embargo, la comunidad científica internacional ya hace décadas demostró que esas soluciones han generado el efecto contrario del que se proponía: fracaso escolar, más desigualdad y racismo. Si bien es cierto que los datos nos indican un mayor fracaso educativo en aquellos centros con alumnado inmigrante, lo que en este artículo nos interrogamos es sobre las actuaciones educativas que se implementan en lugar de atribuir la causa a la etnia. Analizando la experiencia que nos ofrece la Comunidad de Aprendizaje"Mare de Déu de Montserrat" (Terrassa-Barcelona) dónde más de la mitad de su alumnado es inmigrante, constatamos que cuando se introducen medidas de éxito (nos detendremos en grupos interactivos y en la formación de familiares), el nivel educativo aumenta sin necesidad de reducir el número de inmigrantes.

Entrevista dietética. Herramientas útiles para la recogida de datos

La identificación del consumo de alimentos, así como de los hábitos, frecuencias y preferencias alimentarias, de un individuo es imprescindible frente a cualquier intervención de consejo alimentario, tanto en individuos sanos como en personas previamente diagnosticadas de una patología que requiera tratamiento dietético. Este proceso, llamado entre-vista dietética, debe proporcionar la información básica que, junto con la obtenida en la evaluación bioquímica, la exploración física y la antropométrica, permita al dietista-nutricionista diseñar una estrategia o plan de alimentación apropiado (figura 1)...