Estudio del efecto de la reducción del contenido de sales nitrificantes en la calidad microbiológica y aroma de los embutidos crudos curados

Entre las diferentes técnicas que se utilizan para la conservación de la carne se encuentra el curado, método tradicional basado en el empleo de cloruro sódico conjuntamente con sales nitrificantes (nitratos y/o nitritos). Estos compuestos ejercen un importante papel como antimicrobianos y antioxidantes, y participan en la formación del color y aroma típicos de los productos curados. A pesar de todos estos efectos beneficiosos, las sales nitrificantes pueden ser precursoras de la formación de nitrosaminas, compuestos con actividad carcinogénica, teratogénica y mutagénica demostrada. Por este motivo, en los últimos años se ha planteado la posibilidad de reducir la presencia de nitratos y nitritos o incluso evitar su utilización en los productos cárnicos. Para ello es necesario llevar a cabo estudios rigurosos sobre el impacto real de la concentración de nitrificantes en estos productos, a fin de evaluar la posibilidad de disminuir las cantidades permitidas, sin que ello afecte a su seguridad y calidad sensorial. Teniendo en cuenta estos antecedentes, esta Tesis Doctoral se planteó como objetivo evaluar el efecto de la reducción de la concentración de nitrato y nitrito (hasta en un 50% de la cantidad máxima permitida actualmente) en la evolución de la microbiota habitual de los embutidos crudos curados y en el control de los principales microorganismos patógenos asociados a su consumo, así como en el perfil de compuestos volátiles responsables de su aroma...

Viabilidad tecnológica y biodisponibilidad de diferentes sales de calcio como ingredientes funcionales en productos cárnicos

La carne y los productos cárnicos son alimentos importantes de la dieta, ya que poseen compuestos de un elevado valor biológico como los aminoácidos, vitaminas, principalmente del grupo B y minerales como el hierro, zinc y fósforo. Sin embargo, durante los últimos años, se han relacionado con algunas enfermedades como las cardiovasculares y la obesidad. Este hecho ha contribuido a un descenso de su consumo y se han convertido en objetivo de científicos e industrias cárnicas para transformarlos en nuevos productos de acuerdo con las recomendaciones nutricionales. Por ello se han desarrollado productos cárnicos funcionales mediante el empleo de diferentes estrategias, como la incorporación de compuestos bioactivos beneficiosos para la salud. Entre ellos caben destacar diferentes tipos de fibra, polifenoles, ácidos grasos insaturados, probióticos, vitaminas o minerales. El calcio es uno de los minerales de mayor importancia en el organismo ya que es un componente estructural esencial en huesos y dientes y forma parte de diferentes procesos fisiológicos como la contracción muscular, la coagulación sanguínea, la trasmisión nerviosa y la permeabilidad celular. Su deficiencia se ha asociado con enfermedades como la osteoporosis y la hipertensión arterial. Por ello, las autoridades sanitarias recomiendan una ingesta diaria (IDR) de calcio de 1000 mg para adultos de una edad comprendida entre los 19 y 50 años (Institute of Medicine, 2010) o de 800 mg (Directiva 2008/100/CE), independientemente de la edad de los individuos...

Personnel director interviewing job applicant

Inscriptions: Verso: [stamped] Photograph by Freda Leinwand. [463 West Street, Studio 229G, New York, NY 10014].

Personnel manager interviews job applicant

Inscriptions: Verso: [stamped] Photograph by Freda Leinwand. [463 West Street, Studio 229G, New York, NY 10014].

Personnel director

Inscriptions: Verso: [stamped] Credit must be given to Leinwand from Monkmeyer Press Photo Service]

Personnel director talking on telephone

Inscriptions: Verso: [stamped] Credit must be given to Leinwand from Monkmeyer Press Photo Service]

Personnel director interviewing job applicant

Inscriptions: Verso: [stamped] Photograph by Freda Leinwand. [463 West Street, Studio 229G, New York, NY 10014].

Women at work: personnel director interviewing applicant.

Inscription: Verso: Women at work: miscellaneous occupations. Gail Lewis, personnel directior interviewing applicant, Hertz Corp.

Le style de gestion du personnel comme déterminant des comportements antisociaux observés au travail

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

The 6P's of sales resource management

This paper will explore a data-driven approach called Sales Resource Management (SRM) that can provide real insight into sales management. The DSMT (Diagnosis, Strategy, Metrics and Tools) framework can be used to solve field sales management challenges. This paper focus on the 6P's strategy of SRM and illustrates how to use them to solve the CAPS (Concentration, Attrition, Performance and Spend) challenges. © 2010 IEEE.

Sales resource management training:a guide to developing effective salespeople

This paper adopts a sales resource management (SRM) framework to provide guidance on how to develop effective salespeople via sales training. SRM can be used to identify the individual training needs based on the individual-based modelling data. The individual-based modelling data can also be used to evaluate the outcome of sales training. This paper also gives some suggestions on the forms of sales training which are most likely to develop effective salespeople. © 2010 IEEE.

Perpetuating sales: enabling incumbent survival of radical technological shifts

This paper examines an industry whose incumbents’ specialised complimentary assets were their operations management and distribution channels. This advantage was seriously undermined by the advent of digital distribution. Radical technological change theories dictate that if incumbents in an industry without specialised complimentary assets will be replaced by entrants. This did not happen, and extant theories of incumbent survival do not explain why the incumbents remained dominant in the industry. We propose that survival is due to the unique industry characteristic of perpetuating sales. This paper will explain what is a perpetuating sales model and why does it enable incumbent survival?

Optimal Capital Requirements in Financial Networks with Fire Sales

I explore and analyze a problem of finding the socially optimal capital requirements for financial institutions considering two distinct channels of contagion: direct exposures among the institutions, as represented by a network and fire sales externalities, which reflect the negative price impact of massive liquidation of assets.These two channels amplify shocks from individual financial institutions to the financial system as a whole and thus increase the risk of joint defaults amongst the interconnected financial institutions; this is often referred to as systemic risk. In the model, there is a trade-off between reducing systemic risk and raising the capital requirements of the financial institutions. The policymaker considers this trade-off and determines the optimal capital requirements for individual financial institutions. I provide a method for finding and analyzing the optimal capital requirements that can be applied to arbitrary network structures and arbitrary distributions of investment returns.

In particular, I first consider a network model consisting only of direct exposures and show that the optimal capital requirements can be found by solving a stochastic linear programming problem. I then extend the analysis to financial networks with default costs and show the optimal capital requirements can be found by solving a stochastic mixed integer programming problem. The computational complexity of this problem poses a challenge, and I develop an iterative algorithm that can be efficiently executed. I show that the iterative algorithm leads to solutions that are nearly optimal by comparing it with lower bounds based on a dual approach. I also show that the iterative algorithm converges to the optimal solution.

Finally, I incorporate fire sales externalities into the model. In particular, I am able to extend the analysis of systemic risk and the optimal capital requirements with a single illiquid asset to a model with multiple illiquid assets. The model with multiple illiquid assets incorporates liquidation rules used by the banks. I provide an optimization formulation whose solution provides the equilibrium payments for a given liquidation rule.

I further show that the socially optimal capital problem using the ``socially optimal liquidation" and prioritized liquidation rules can be formulated as a convex and convex mixed integer problem, respectively. Finally, I illustrate the results of the methodology on numerical examples and

discuss some implications for capital regulation policy and stress testing.

Le style de gestion du personnel comme déterminant des comportements antisociaux observés au travail

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

A Scoping Review of Psychological Interventions for PTSD in Military Personnel and Veterans.

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has emerged as a key concern for military and veteran populations. This article describes what is being done programmatically and therapeutically to treat PTSD in military personnel and veterans returning from deployment. This scoping review demonstrates that (1) research published in this area has been rapidly increasing since its inception in the 1980s; (2) the vast majority of articles focus on cognitive-behavioral approaches to treatment, and this area of the literature presents strong evidence for these approaches; and (3) there is a lack of randomized controlled trials for treatments, such as art therapies and group therapies.