L'Intrusisme professional a principis del segle XX. El Dr. James M. Munyon.

RESUM: Presentem al Dr. James M. Munyon, qui a principis del segle passat es dedicà a la manufactura i patent de remeis homeopàtics. Va ser perseguit per frau en múltiples ocasions però la seva gran fortuna li va permetre estendre el seu negoci fins a casa nostra, arribant a assolir grans cotes de popularitat. La revista ¡Cu-Cut! li dedicà tres caricatures els anys 1902 i 1903. A través de l"estudi de les mateixes hem pogut conèixer el Dr. Munyon, un intrús professional de principis del segle XX.

”Kyllähän nyt pitäs olla jo semmonen aika, että pääsis niin kö keskustelemhan näistä asioista.” Tutkimus lappilaisten sotavankien, partisaanien uhrien ja huutolaisten elämänkulusta, voimavaroista, terveydestä ja sairauksista

Research into the course of life, mental stamina and health status of wartime prisoners, victims of Soviet partisan attacks, and paupers in Finnish Lapland The basis of this research comprised the issues raised during the interviews conducted in my work as a general practitioner in Lapland, regarding factors that have possibly affected the life stories and health conditions of Lappish people who had lived through the war as war prisoners, victims of partisan attacks, or paupers. The purpose of the study was to describe how the different life phases and experiences emerged from the interviewees’ stories and to identify their mental stamina. Another goal was to make observations on their health status, in which the main emphasis became to address mental symptoms. The cohort consisted of elderly Finns who lived in Lapland during the war and experienced war imprisonment, pauperism, or became victims of partisan attacks. All three groups consisted of 12 interviewees. The interview transcripts were read several times and then investigated using the content analysis methods applicable to the material. The research methodology was based on building awareness and understanding. Thematic tagging and data coding were used as structured analysis tools. In all three groups most of the interviewees clearly identified their mental stamina, the most fundamental of which were home, family and work. The war prisoners’ injuries and nervous sensibility symptoms had been shown in earlier studies on war prisoners, and on this basis they had been granted disability pensions. However, many of them had suppressed their traumatic experiences and mental difficulties, and they could not talk about these issues until at the time of these interviews held at old age. Four of them still suffered from a post-traumatic stress disorder. The victims of Soviet partisans had had to carry their mental load alone for decades before the cruel ravages on civilians in remote areas of Lapland became publicly known. Most of them still had disturbing nervous sensibility symptoms. Four interviewees had a post-traumatic stress disorder, and in addition to these, the mental symptoms of one had developed into a post-traumatic stress disorder during old age. Many of the interviewees who had been left paupers remembered their childhood as filled with grief and feelings of inferiority, and had nightmares relating to their wartime experiences. Yet none of them suffered from post-traumatic stress disorder. The results showed that the exceptional suffering caused by the war, the wartime imprisonment and the devastating attacks by Soviet partisans had led especially to mental difficulties. These were left almost completely unnoticed in the post-war conditions, and the war victims were unable to seek help on their own. Based on the results, our health care for the elderly should focus on familiarization with the individual experiences and life stories of each elderly person. This can facilitate geriatric diagnostics and individual therapy planning. Empathic familiarization with the life experiences of the elderly may strengthen their mental stamina and improve the quality of successful aging.

Principais métodos de caracterização da porosidade de resinas à base de divinilbenzeno

This paper reviews the most important methods used to characterize the porosity of styrene-divinylbenzene resins. Methods such as adsorption of nitrogen for determination of surface area and mercury intrusion porosimetry for characterization of pore size distribution are related.

Terapia fotodinâmica: aspectos farmacológicos, aplicações e avanços recentes no desenvolvimento de medicamentos

Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) is a clinical procedure, which utilize a photosensitive compound and light. This is a new modality of treatment for cancer, aged related macular degenerescence (AMD), psoriasis, arthritis, arterial restenosis, etc which exhibits efficiency, less traumatic effects, low recovery time and few co-lateral effects. The first officially approved drug for PDT by the Food and Drug Administration (EUA) is Photofrinâ, which is applied for cancer. A new generation drug for PDT, Visudyneâ was recently approved to treat AMD; its photoactive compound is BPDMA, a benzoporphyrin mono-acid derivative (chlorin-type molecule). A concise history, technical information and some drugs for PDT are reported.

Early adversity and 5-HTT-BDNF genes: New evidences of Gene-Environment interactions on depressive symptoms in a general population

Background Adverse childhood experiences have been described as one of the major environmental risk factors for depressive disorder. Similarly, the deleterious impact of early traumatic experiences on depression seems to be moderated by individual genetic variability. Serotonin transporter (5-HTT) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) modulate the effect of childhood adversity on adult depression, although inconsistencies across studies have been found. Moreover, the gene×environment (G×E) interaction concerning the different types of childhood adversity remains poorly understood. The aim of this study was to analyse the putative interaction between the 5-HTT gene (5-HTTLPR polymorphism), the BDNF gene (Val66Met polymorphism) and childhood adversity in accounting for adult depressive symptoms. Method A sample of 534 healthy individuals filled in self-report questionnaires of depressive symptomatology [the Symptom Check List 90 Revised (SCL-90-R)] and different types of childhood adversities [the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ)]. The 5-HTTLPR polymorphism (5-HTT gene) and the Val66Met polymorphism (BDNF gene) were genotyped in the whole sample. Results Total childhood adversity (β=0.27, p<0.001), childhood sexual abuse (CSA; β=0.17, p<0.001), childhood emotional abuse (β=0.27, p<0.001) and childhood emotional neglect (β=0.22, p<0.001) had an impact on adult depressive symptoms. CSA had a greater impact on depressive symptoms in Met allele carriers of the BDNF gene than in the Val/Val group (F=5.87, p<0.0001), and in S carriers of the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism (5-HTT gene) (F=5.80, p<0.0001). Conclusions Childhood adversity per se predicted higher levels of adult depressive symptoms. In addition, BDNF Val66Met and 5-HTTLPR polymorphisms seemed to moderate the effect of CSA on adult depressive symptoms.

Caracterização hidrogeoquímica de água subterrânea em área de influência de futuras instalações de usinas hidrelétricas: bacia hidrográfica do rio Taquari-Antas/RS, Brasil

The identification and characterization of the hydrochemistry of the groundwaters has been done for seven wells. The sampling occurred during three bimonthly campaigns. The results classified the waters as of the calcium bicarbonated type for the majority of the samples, except for one well, whose composition is of the sodium bicarbonated type. The major ions found and how they determine the quality parameters are consistent with the reactions of mineral dissolution of the majority of volcanic rocks and the reactions with intrusion of alkaline rock in only one well. Anomalous values of nitrate in some wells alert to the impact of especially polluting sources at the time the reservoirs of the hydroeletric plant were formed.

Avaliação da porosidade de microcápsulas contendo proteína bioativa por porosimetria de mercúrio e adsorção de nitrogênio

Microcapsules containing lactoferrin were produced by spray drying using dextrin:octenylsuccinate starch, as wall materials. Porosity characteristics of spray-dried microcapsules were investigated by mercury intrusion porosimetry and nitrogen adsorption. The outer and inner structures of microcapsules were studied by Scanning Electron Microscopy and sizes were determined by Laser Diffraction. Results indicate that all microcapsules presents adsorption isotherm of type II and that micropores on the microcapsules surface will be very few or none. Our results show that microstructure, surface area and size of microcapsules are affected by dextrin: octenylsuccinate starch proportion. Pore characteristics for various microcapsules are found to be different.

Irtokappaleiden hallinnan nykytila ja kehittäminen Loviisan voimalaitoksella

Ydinvoimateollisuudessa irtokappaleella tarkoitetaan prosessiin kuulumatonta materiaalia, joka ei luonnostaan kuulu prosessiin ja jolla prosessiin jäädessään voi olla haitallinen vaikutus sen toimintaan, komponentteihin tai kemiaan. Irtokappaleet voivat aiheuttaa monenlaisia haittoja ydinvoimalaitoksen turvalliselle ja taloudelliselle käytölle. Vaikka ydinvoimalaitoksen käytössä turvallisuus on aina etusijalla, negatiiviset vaikutukset turvallisuuteen heijastuvat usein myös talouteen. Diplomityössä arvioitiin erilaisia irtokappaleiden aiheuttamia riskejä ydinvoimalan toiminnalle käyttötapahtumia analysoimalla. Erilaisiin tapahtumiin, niiden aiheuttajiin ja vaikutusmekanismeihin tutustumisen jälkeen tutkittiin Loviisan voimalaitoksen käyttämiä toimintatapoja irtokappaleiden hallitsemiseksi. Irtokappaleiden hallintaan pyritään sekä hallinnollisilla että käytännön menetelmillä. Hallinnollisia menetelmiä ovat esimerkiksi ohjeistojärjestelmä ja johtaminen, käytännön menettelytapoja esimerkiksi työtavat ja koulutus. Irtokappaleiden hallinnan menetelmiin tutustuttiin sekä tehoajolla että vuosihuollon aikana. Nykytilan arvioinnin perusteella esitettiin toimenpide-ehdotuksia irtokappaleiden hallinnan kehittämiseksi. Toimenpide-ehdotukset muodostettiin sekä korjaamaan havaittuja haavoittuvuuksia että kehittämään toimintaa kansainvälisesti hyviksi tunnistettujen käytäntöjen mukaisiksi.

Genesis and Emplacement of Carbonatites and Lamprophyres in the Svecofennian Domain

A small carbonatite dyke swarm has been identified at Naantali, southwest Finland. Several swarms of shoshonitic lamprophyres are also known along the Archean-Proterozoic boundary in eastern Finland and northwest Russia. These intrusions, along with the carbonatite intrusion at Halpanen, eastern Finland, represent a stage of widespread low-volume mantle-sourced alkaline magmatism in the Svecofennian Domain. Using trace element and isotope geochemistry coupled with precise geochronology from these rocks, a model is presented for the Proterozoic metasomatic evolution of the Fennoscandian subcontinental lithospheric mantle. At ~2.2-2.06 Ga, increased biological production in shallow seas linked to continental rifting, resulted in increased burial rates of organic carbon. Subduction between ~1.93-1.88 Ga returned organic carbon-enriched sediments of mixed Archean and Proterozoic provenance to the mantle. Dehydration reactions supplied water to the mantle wedge, driving arc volcanism, while mica, amphibole and carbonate were brought deeper into the mantle with the subducting slab. The cold subducted slab was heated conductively from the surrounding warm mantle, while pressures continued to gradually increase as a result of crustal thickening. The sediments began to melt in a two stage process, first producing a hydrous alkaline silicate melt, which infiltrated the mantle wedge and crystallised as metasomatic veins. At higher temperatures, carbonatite melt was produced, which preferentially infiltrated the pre-existing metasomatic vein network. At the onset of post-collisional extension, deep fault structures formed, providing conduits for mantle melts to reach the upper crust. Low-volume partial melting of the enriched mantle at depths of at least 110 km led to the formation of first carbonatitic magma and subsequently lamprophyric magma. Carbonatite was emplaced in the upper crust at Naantali at 1795.7 ± 6.8 Ma; lamprophyres along the Archean-Proterozoic boundary were emplaced between 1790.1 ± 3.3 Ma and 1781 ± 20 Ma.

Socially Competent Leadership - predictors, impacts and skilling in engineering

Earlier management studies have found a relationship between managerial qualities and subordinate impacts, but the effect of managers‘ social competence on leader perceptions has not been solidly established. To fill the related research gap, the present work embarks on a quantitative empirical effort to identify predictors of successful leadership. In particular, this study investigates relationships between perceived leader behavior and three selfreport instruments used to measure managerial capability: 1) the WOPI Work Personality Inventory, 2) Raven‘s general intelligence scale, and 3) the Emotive Communication Scale (ECS). This work complements previous research by resorting to both self-reports and other-reports: the results acquired from the managerial sample are compared to subordinate perceptions as measured through the ECS other-report and the WOPI360 multi-source appraisal. The quantitative research is comprised of a sample of 8o superiors and 354 subordinates operating in eight Finnish organizations. The strongest predictive value emerged from the ECS self- and other-reports and certain personality dimensions. In contrast, supervisors‘ logical intelligence did not correlate with leadership perceived as socially competent by subordinates. 16 of the superiors rated as most socially competent by their subordinates were selected for case analysis. Their qualitative narratives evidence the role of life history and post-traumatic growth in developing managerial skills. The results contribute to leadership theory in four ways. First, the ECS self-report devised for this research offers a reliable scale for predicting socially competent leader ability. Second, the work identifies dimensions of personality and emotive skills that can be considered predictors of managerial ability and benefited from in leader recruitment and career planning. Third, the Emotive Communication Model delineated on the basis of the empirical data allows for a systematic design and planning of communication and leadership education. Fourth, this workfurthers understanding of personal growth strategies and the role of life history in leader development and training. Finally, this research advances educational leadership by conceptualizing and operationalizing effective managerial communications. The Emotive Communication Model devised directs the pedagogic attention in engineering to assertion, emotional availability and inspiration skills. The proposed methodology addresses classroom management strategies drawing from problem-based learning, student empowerment, collaborative learning, and so-called socially competent teachership founded on teacher immediacy and perceived caring, all constituting strategies moving away from student compliance and teacher modelling. The ultimate educational objective embraces the development of individual engineers and organizational leaders that not only possess traditional analytical and technical expertise and substantive knowledge but are intelligent also creatively, practically, and socially.

Hérnia perineal após disjunçao da sínfise púbica: apresentação de caso e técnica para correção

Traunatic perineal hernia remains a rare clinical entity despite an overall increase in blunt trauma. Because of the incidence of other associated injuries, the mortality is high. Most of the perineal defects are repaired during the orthopaedics surgery to reconstitute the pelvis and few patients develop a true perineal hernia without pelvic instability. A 80-year-old woman was involved in a running over accident with disjunction of pubic symphysis, dislocation of sacrum-iliac junction and fracture of pubis and ischium. The patient was submitted to an orthopaedic surgery and latter development an perineal hernia through the genitalia. The diagnosis could be established with physical examination alone. Conventional radiology, computadorized tomography, and ultrasound should also be done to progran the surgery. The repair approach was performed using a marlex mesh, fixed in the pelvic bones, Cooper ligament, and the abdominal wall. The mesh was stood in a retro- peritoneal position, rebuilding the pelvic floor without reconstruction the pelvic bones. We conclude that this is an efficient approach to repair of traumatic postoperative perineal hernia, mainly in patients with high operative risk, when the osseous repair is not necessary.

Correção laparoscópica de hérnia diafragmática traumática crônica

Diaphragmatic hernia secondary to blunt or penetrating trauma is rarely by itself a fatal event. However, if unpercieved, it may lead to severe complications caused by herniation of abdominal contents to the ethorax. Blunt trauma related to car accidents is the most frequent cause of diaphragmatic hernias. Associated injuries are frequently observed, provoked by severe traumas of great impact. These blunt trauma hernias occur mainly on the left side due to abdominal anatomy, since the liver is usually located on the right side. When injuries are observed on the right they tend to be more severe, generally related to major trauma of solid organs. Less frequently diaphragmatic hernias may be bilateral. The management of diaphragmatic injury would appear to be a simple matter of suturing the defect. However, peroperative diagnosis can be difficult and even at the time of surgery some diaphragmatic injuries can be overlooked if carefull exploration is not done. Associated injuries tend to divert attention from the diaphragmatic injury. Laparoscopic diagnosis and repair have been described with successfull. Laparotomy or thoracotomy can be employed for surgical repair of traumatic diaphragmatic hernias. Standard (laboratory/imaging) examinations may fail to make the diagnosis. Recently, the laparoscopic approach has proved useful for more precise evaluation of such injuries, very often allowing immediate repair of these lesions.

Hepatectomia regrada por videolaparoscopia

With the improvement of laparoscopic techniques, endoscopic liver surgery has become feasible. While laparoscopic wedge liver resection are performed more frequently, laparoscopic (anatomical or nonanatomical) liver resection are still at an early stage of development and are somewhat controversial. We reporte laparoscopic hepatic resection without use of sophisticated laparoscopic instruments. A 47-year-old woman underwent radical mastectomy for adenocarcinoma in 1995. 1n the postoperative follow-up presented, a lesion in the left hepatic lobe and, after laparoscopic approach, left lateral segmentectomy was performed. The hepatic resection elapsed without complications. The surgical time was 4 hours and the blood loss was minimal, without transfusion being necessary.The abdominal drain was removed in 24 hours and the patient was discharged in the second postoperative day. Compared to the classic approach by laparotomy, this method was less traumatic, required a shorter hospital stay, and followed by faster recovery.

Quilotórax traumático por ferimento penetrante do tórax

The authors report two cases of traumatic chylothorax. They were caused by gunshot wounds producing thorax transfixing injuries and lhe chilothorax was subsequently diagnosed during lhe thoracic drainage follow-up, a chilous colar was noticed in lhe drainage output. This was confirmed with a Sudam 111 stain. Both cases were treated conservatively with Total Parenteral Nutrition according to the current literature. One of the cases, in its evolution, required surgical treatment due to a persistent high output fistulae.

Hérnia traumática da parede abdominal

A rare case of blunt traumatic abdominal hernia is presented in which jejunal loops herniated through the abdominal wall. The patient had a serious motor vehicle accident seven years ago, while wearing the seat belt. He developed a traumatic hernia in the anterior lateral abdominal wall, which was operated, and relapsed after some months. The patient was reoperated and we observed the unattachment of the anterior lateral abdominal musculature from the ilium crest. After the hernial sac treatment, the defect was solved with the use of a polypropylene mesh. The postoperative evolution was good and four months later there were no signs of recurrence. Traumatic abdominal hernia remains a rare clinical entity, despite the increase in blunt abdominal trauma. Traumatic abdominal wall hernia falls into two general categories: small lower quadrant abdominal defects, typically the result of blunt trauma with bicycle handlebars, and larger abdominal wall defects related to motor vehicle accidents. The diagnosis may be often established by the physical examination alone. Conventional radiology and computerized tomography usefulness have been proved. In the vast majority of cases, early repair is recommended. The appropriate treatment is the reduction of the herniated bowel into the abdomen, the debridment of nonviable tissues, and a primary tension free closure of the detect.