992 resultados para Sirera, Rodolf, 1948- . Caverna


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Os hemcitos atuam no sistema de defesa contra organismos invasores e partculas estranhas, auxiliando o reconhecimento do que prprio do corpo dos grastrpodes e o que no . So escassas as informaes e estudos sobre os hemcitos em espcies de moluscos saudveis (sem infeces), principalmente em Bradybaena similaris (Frussac, 1821) and Megalobulimus abbreviatus (Bequaert, 1948). Portanto, este trabalho tem como objetivos a caracterizao e quantificao dos hemcitos presentes na hemolinfa destas duas espcies. Neste trabalho, foram identificados trs tipos celulares na hemolinfa de ambas espcies: as clulas redondas, hialincitos e granulcitos. Os trs tipos de hemcitos foram medidos e foi calculada a mdia do dimetro total e do ncleo para cada um deles. Para B. similaris, o dimetro mdio das clulas redondas foi de 10,7 m, dos hialincitos foi de 20 m e dos granulcitos de 25,4 m. Para M. abbreviatus, o dimetro mdio foi de 11,7 m para as clulas redondas, de 21,5 m para os hialincitos e de 30,5 m para os granulcitos. Embora os hialincitos possuam mdias parecidas entre B. similaris e M. abbreviatus, foram detectadas diferenas significativas do dimetro celular total e dimetro do ncleo (p<0,0001) dessas clulas entre as espcies estudadas. A densidade mdia de clulas por ml, sem distino de tipo celular foi de 197.813 clulas/ml para M. abbreviatus, e de 416.333 clulas/ml para B. similaris. Diferentemente de outros gastrpodes, os hemcitos mais frequentes em M. abbreviatus e em B. similaris foram os hialincitos.

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Tadarida brasiliensis (Geoffroy, 1824), the Brazilian free-tailed bat, is an insectivorous bat that occurs from southern United States of America to southern South America. In this study we present the first data on diversity of ectoparasitic mites of T. brasiliensis in Brazil. A compilation and analysis of the studies of mite diversity conducted in different points the geographic distribution this bat species are provided. The mites were collected from March 2010 to November 2011 on 160 T. brasiliensis adult bats captured in southern Brazil. Four species of mites have been found: Chiroptonyssus robustipes (Ewing, 1925), Ewingana longa (Ewing, 1938), Ewingana inaequalis (Radford, 1948), and specimens of Cheyletidae. Chiroptonyssus robustipes was the most prevalent species (100%), followed by E. longa (20%), E. inaequalis (10%), and specimens of Cheyletidae (1.25%). The data currently available show that C. robustipes parasitizes T. brasiliensis throughout its region of occurrence, and this mite is highly prevalent and abundant. The two species of Ewingana accompany the geographical distribution of T. brasiliensis, but with much lower prevalence and abundance.

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v.2 (1948)

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Em junho de 1947, fomos convidados pelo general DEJALMA POLY COELHO, chefe da Comisso de Estudos do Planalto Central Brasileiro, para colaborarmos com o Grupo de Gegrafos chefiado pelo Prof. FRANCIS RUELLAN, a quem foi confiada parte dos trabalhos para a localizao de novo Distrito Federal da Repblica. A Diretoria do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, nos incumbiu ento de estudar as condies fito-ecolgicas de trechos do Estado de Gois, paralelamente s observaes bio-geogrficas que teramos de realizar para a Comisso. Desde 1945 que vimos observando, em viagens, a vegetao do tipo Cerrado, nos Estados de So Paulo, Minas Gerais e Mato Grosso, Outrossim, em notas j publicadas sbre a vegetao dos Estados de Mato Grosso e Minas Gerais, tivemos a oportunidade de apreciar, ligeiramente, a importncia do Cerrado como uma climtica e o papel que o mesmo desempenha na configurao bio-geogrfica do brasil. Queremos salientar, mais uma vez, a grande necessidade que temos de estudar determinados pontos de outras regies, para podermos apresentar um trabalho ecolgico sbre o Cerrado brasileiro que, apesar de muito bem conhecido sob o ponto de vista da Sistemtica, quase desconhecido quanto ao papel das espcies dentro das associaes e sias reaes aos habitats. Com os dados ecolgicos que possuamos e com os estudos que realizamos no Estado de Gois, smente nos falta obter uma viso mais ampla das formaes e fazer alguns levantamentos sociolgicos nas associaes do Cerrado dos Estados de So Paulo, Minas Gerais e Baa para completarmos assim, a nossa monografia sbre a vegetao do Centro Oeste do Brasil. Na apresentao desta nota no poderiamos deixar de agradecer ao Prof. ALFREDO PORTO DOMINGUES e aos componentes do Grupo pos, recebemos contribuio valiosa de todos, que muito fizeram para o bom andamento dos trabalhos de campo. Expressamos tambm nossos agradecimentos a quantos, direta ou indiretamente, nos auxiliaram, especialmente a Dra. BERTHA LUTZ, a quem devemos o resumo deste trabalho em Ingls.

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Em 671 ndios puros, de 7 tribus diferentes, no foi verificado o fenmeno de siclisao da hemtia. No agrupamento de ndios Carnij ou fulni (Aguas Bellas), Estado de Pernambuco, em 166 indivduos, 3 eram siclmicos (ndice de siclmicos 1,8%).Este agrupamento muito micigenado. Estas observaes reforam a utilidade do emprgo do teste de siclmia em Antropologia.

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1) "Pur-pur" uma palavra indgena que quer dizer "pintado" ou "manchado", peculiar Amazonia Brasileira. Com sse nome designada uma dermatose referida entre os selvicolas desde 1774, por Ribeiro Sampaio. Certas tribus, com alta incidncia da molstia passaram a ser cahamadas tambm "Pur-purs", o mesmo acontecendo com o rio onde habitavam - Rio Purs. 2) A doena existe na bacia do Rio Solimes e seus principais afluentes: Javari, Juru, Purs, I, Japur, e Negro. Por esses rios, o fco da dermatose se continua nos pases limitrofes com o Brasil: Guianas, Venezuela, Colombia, Per (Equador) e Bolivia. 3) Desde 1890 essa dermatose foi relacionada pinta (carate ou mal del pinto) por P. S. de Magalhes, ida essa depois defendida por Juliano Moreira, Carlos Chagas, Roquete Pinto, Wappeus, O. da Fonseca Filho, Da Matta, Brumpt e outros, baseados na semelhana clnica e na teraputica. Recentemente (1945), essa provavel identidade das duas dermatoses, recebeu fundamento sorolgico de Biocca (que verificou a positividade das reaes de Kline e Kahn em doentes de pur-pur), e, pelo presente trabalho, recebe base clnico-epidemio-anatomo-patolgica. 4) Sob o ponto de vista clnico, as leses cutaneas discromicas da molstia, so de 3 rdens: a) leses papulo-eritemato-escamosas, isoladas ou no, arredondadas, pruriginosas e de bordos nitidos; b) leses maculo-escamosas, maiores mais plidas, s vezes j mostrando alteraes pigmentares na parte central; c) mculas discromodrmicas, lisas ou ligeiramente escamosas, com maior ou menor alterao pigmentar, as quais assumem diferentes aspctos, consequentes hipo - ou hiperpigmentao, variaveis tambm com a cr do paciente. As coloraes predominantes nas manchas, so o branco, o preto e o vermelho, com tonalidades eminentemente variaveis. Embora raramente, nessas extensas dermodiscromias, observa-se superposio de leses papulo-eritemato-escamosas. O aparecimento dos 3 tipos de lees acima citados, obedece seguramente a um processo evolutivo da dermatose, dando-se na rdem exposta e de acordo com o tempo de doena. Alm das leses discromicas, caractersticas da enfermidade, foi observado purido, e infartamento ganglionar. O estado geral dos doentes era bom. A avaliao de anemia e eosinofilia, foi prejudicada pela ocurrncia de outros processos mrbidos (malaria e helmintiases). Em 2 pacientes pretos e adultos, havia avanada hiperqueratose palmo-plantar. 5) Sob o ponto de vista epidemiolgico, foram feitas as seguintes observaes: a) Idade. A dermtose ocorre em tdas as idades, mais incide principalmente dos 15 aos 29 anos. Tomando um grupo relativamente homogneo de dontes de um mesmo local, 53% tm 15 e mais anos de idade. De 36 doentes que deram informaes seguras ou aproximadas quanto idade em que lhes apareceu a doena, verifica-se que 77% j estavam infectados antes dos 15 anos. Em 5 casos, a infeco se deu antes dos 2 anos de idade. b) Sexo. Nos doentes em conjunto, existiam 34 homens e 35 mulheres. Mas, no grupo homogeneo acima citado, havia ligeira predominncia do sexo feminino (60.7%). c) Cr ou raa. Foram encontradas as seguintes percentagens: Pretos - 34.8%, brancos - 27.5% ndios - 23.2% e mulatos - 14.5%. Essas diferenas no indicam predileo racial. d) Famlia. A A dermatose eminentemente familial. Em grupo de 41 doentes, 34 pertenciam a 8 familias. e) Leso inicial. Contgio. Em 6 casos ainda existia a leso inicial, chamada "empigem", isolada ou acompanhada de outras leses semelhantes. De 33 doentes, 26 (78.8%) referiam a leso inicial nas partes descobertas do corpo (rosto, braos e mos, pernas e ps), isto regies mais sujeitas a pequenos traumas, que servem como "porta de entrada" do treponema. Os AA no acreditam na existncia de um vetor. Pensam que o contgio direto, as condies eficientes e predisponentes do mesmo, coexistindo no domcilio, onde vivem em promiscuidade e falta de higiene, doentes e sadios. Os autores no encontraram treponemas em crtes impregnados de pur-pur, tanto de leso recente como de leso tardia. Atribuem o fracasso ao provvel uso de antitreponemicos pelos doentes, uma vez que a terapeutica emprica pelo arsnico e mercrio muito espalhada na Amaznia. Histopatolgicamente, encontraram na leso recente: hiperqueratose, hiperacantose, exocitose, exoserose e espongiose na epiderme; e infiltrao de clulas redondas, edema e diltao dos capilares no derma papilar e subpapilar; pela impregnao, acharam irregularidade na distribuio do pigmento melanico, assim como melanforos entre as clulas inflamatrias do derma. Na leso tardia observaram: notvel atrofia do epiderme, reduzida s vezes , a 3 a 5 camadas celulares, havendo desaparecimento das papilas drmicas; no derma, havia discreta infiltrao de clulas redondas, relacionadas aos vasos sanguineos, ao lado de macrfagos melaniferos mais ou menos abundantes; pela impregnao, quanto s alteraes pigmentares, foram observadas todas as graduaes, desde a completa ausncia de pigmento na basal, at um acmulo notvel de melanina, atingindo as prprias clulas de Malpighi. 7) Com o tratamento pelo neo-salvarsan os AA observaram grandes melhoras e mesmo cura aparente, com 6 a 8 injees. Certas manifestaes acromicas vitiligoides, antigas, no mostraram modificaes apreciveis com a teraputica. 8) No Brasil, fora da Amaznia, tem sido descrito casos isolados de pur-pur, porm, na opinio dos autores, todos ou quase todos, so provavelmente, manifestaes discromicas tardias de sfilis ou bouba, semelhantes aos publicados por um deles (F. N. G). Pensam do mesmo modo, quanto aos casos de pinta descritos fora da Amrica: frica, Egito, Argeria, Sahara, Trpoli, Turquesto, Filipinas, Iraque, ndia, Ceilo, etc. Ainda nesta mesma ordem de idas, os autores negam validade ao conceito epidemiolgico da existncia de casos isolados, a no ser procedentes das zonas pintogenas. 9) Um dos autores (F. N. G.) emite a seguinte hiptese, que considera sugestiva, embora dificilmente demonstrvel: Os treis treponemas (T. pallidum, T. pertenue e T. carateum), oriundos de um ancestral comum. tornaram-se peculiares respectivamente ao branco, ao preto e ao ndio, mantendo-se assim isolados. Secundariamente, com as correntes migratrias, misturaram-se as doenas...

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During the period 1940-44, deaths by respiratory diseases and particularly by influenza and pneumonias prevailed during the winter in brazilian cities of the temperate zone (S. Paulo, Curitiba, Porto Alegre) and, with the exception of Rio de Janeiro, in tropical ones (Belem, Recife, Salvador) particularly during the four-months period of highest absolute humidity. For the first group of cities, negative correlation coefficients, statistically significant, have been uniformly obtained comparing monthly death-rates both with temperature - in the same month and in the previous one (values of r ranging from - 0.36 to - 0.640 - and with similar humidity variations (values of r from - 0.33 to - 0.59); also with rainfall, but only in S. Paulo and Curitiba (values of r from - 0.33 to - 0.61). Such associations have been disclosed irregularly and less frequently for the group of tropical cities: statistically significant values of r, in the death-rates correlations with temperature and humidity variations, have been eventually either positive (Recife, Salvador) or negative (Belem, Rio). Whooping cough showed during the same period a winter incidence in Curitiba and Porto Alegre: the compulsory notification of the disease is not required in S. Paulo, a third one brazilian city of the temperate zone. In the brazilian tropical cities of Belem, Recife, Salvador and Rio, the whooping cough distribution by four-months periods - selected in accordance with the highest or lowest values of rainfall, mean temperature and absolute humidity - induced to suppose that the disease was associated more uniformly with a high rainfall than with a low temperature or a low absolute humidity. However, only a few correlation coefficients statistically significant have been found out: between monthly morbidity rates and mean humidity in the same month and in the previous one in recife (-0.43 and - 0.39), and in Porto Alegre (-0.35 and - 0.46); and between the same rates and temperature variations in this last city (-0.28 and - 0.43).

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The A. remembers the history of his lepra-culture and the method he uses to prepare with it the antigen called Leprolin Souza-Araujo, giving photographic illustrations upon the subject. The A. says that the results published about the general action of his Leprolin in leprosy must be revised or rectificated. But he says that the rapid action of his antigen upon perforant ulcers in lepers is consecrated by a large experience. He cured, in relatively short time, perforant ulcers in five lepers. Dr. CASSIANO, from Baur leper Colony (S. Paulo) treated 21 such cases. The median time of treatment was 23 days and the median dosage of Leprolin injected in each patient was 7.7 cm3. All lesions were cured. After 18 months observation three cases relapsed and 18 (or 85.7%) remained cured. Dr. CALDEIRA, Director of padre DAMIEN Leper Colony (Ub, Minas Gerais) treated regularly with Leprolin 50 cases of severe perforant ulcers and obtained cure in 46 (or 92%). ina special meeting held in Minas Gerais nineteen leprologists examined the cases of Dr. CALDEIRA and considered the results he have obtained as "magnifico", in the sense as "unic". This experiment is being continued in various brazilian leper colonies and the Author offers, graciously, his antigen to be tried also in foreing countries.

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In articles, already published, we have proved that the strain V. B. of Brazilian virus, goes through the placenta (Macacus rhesus) (1) and the apparently normal gastro-intestinal tube (1934-1937) (Canis familiaris) (2). Today we present the idea that the Brazilian virus can reach the milk of an animal even when the latter has only the unapparent disease. In former articles (**), we have shown that the goat (Capra hircus) can be an excellent reservoir of Brazilian virus, having the strain V. B. in its blood and presenting a Weil Felix reaction high and in group, with the disease unapparent. When the goats are bred in the laboratory, and even in some foci of the disease, they give a negative Weil Felix, being zero for all the nine strains of Proteus. In the interior of Brazil, in many localities, goats substitute cows, in supplying milk for children and adults, and in some districts goats milk is considered superior to cows milk, possessing marvellous qualities for men, women an children. Having proved, now, that goats milk can contain the virus even when the animal presents nothing clinically, and having also shown that this virus goes through the digestive tube apparently sound, it is easy to understand how infants-in-arms, that is, only a few months old, living in strictly domestic surroundings, can contract the disease; we have many such cases on record. Protocol of the experiments: Goat n 2, white, January 1948. This animal had been inoculated with the V. B. strain of the Brazilian virus in June 1947, via intra-peritoneal, presenting nothing then, not even a feverish reaction. On that occasion it was not possible to isolate the virus of the blood, although the Weil Felix reaction was positive, high and in group. Now January 17, 1948, seven months later, the same animal was reinoculated with a semple of virus V. B. in the same manner (intra-peritoneal) two days after bringing forth two sturdy kids. The virus V. B. was obtained from guinea-pig n. 7170 whose thermic graph was as follows: Temperatura 38,8 39,1 39,5 39,4 39,8 40,4 40,2 40,1 - + Necropsy Typical lesions. The spleen weighed 5 grammes. With 3c.c. of emulsion from the nervous system of this guinea-pig, we inoculated not only the goat, as also two guineapigs, number 14 and number 5. The following is the thermic graph of one: - Guinea-pig n. 14 38,9 39,1 39,2 39.2 40,7 41,0 40,5 40,4 40,1 - + Typical lesions. Guinea-pig n. 2 presented the following thermic graph after the infective inoculation: - 39,5 39,7 39,7 39,7 39,5 39,3 39,5 39,5 39,5 etc. Clinically, this animal presented nothing unusual, feeding well and suckling the kids normally. The Weil Felix reaction was positive, in group high very similar to the reaction obtained in June 1947, with the first infective inoculation. On the third, fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh day after the infective inoculation, we took milk from the goat and inoculated male guinea-pigs via intra-celular and via intra-peritoneal, giving 5 c.c. to each animal. Guinea-pig n. 4663, inoculated with 5 c.c. of milk, via intra-muscular, taken on the third day of the infectaive inoculation, presented the following thermic graph: - 38.8 (*) 39,1 39,0 39,1 40,1 40,1 40,8 (**) 40,8 Killed Typical deisions (***). The virus V. B. of this goat, circulated naturally in the blood up to the third day, having passed into the milk, producing nothing in the kids, on account of the natural resistance of these animals to the disease. The Weil Felix reaction and that of Widal for the Burcellas suis, abortus and militensis were negative for the goat and the kids. It is remarkable that, even with inoculation of the living virus after a period of seven months we cannot get a real and absolute immunity of sensitive animals. We shall return to this subject later. The hart Mazama simplicicornis may be a carrier of the virus in Brasil. The experimental serum against the virus of Exanthematic neotropical typhus has not protected guinea-pigs.

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The A. summarizes clinical records of four lepers treated with Leprolin Souza-Araujo, as follow: ist Male, 28 years old, lepromatous case, treated during about 3 years, who received 80 injections of the antigen, being 52 by vene, 18 by muscle and 10 intradermally. Total about 100 cm. Results: Absence of clinical signs, routine examinations negative for acidfast bacilli. Histopathology: from lepromatous became incaracteristic, with a few bacilli. Mitsuda test from negative became positive. 2nd Male, 33 ys. old, lepromatous case. From September 1944 to February 1948 received 110 intravenous injections (57 cm) and 10 cm perineurally to control neurites. His Mitsuda test was negative in 1944 and in 1945 became positive and remained so until 1948 (4 times controlled). Since Sept. 1946 became bacillus negative in his mucous, ear lobe and lymph nodes. Out of his lepromatous symptoms remained only mild atrophy of his hands. 3rd- Male, 30 ys. old, lepromatous case, treated since 1944. From 1946 to Feb. 1948 received 80 intravenous injections (high dosage: from 2 to 5 cm), total 310 cm and 140 cm intramuscularly. His Mitsuda test was negative in 1943; became positive (from 1945 till 1948) after Leprolin treatment. Bacilloscopy became negative even in sections. Histopathology: the lesions from lepromatous changed to tuberculoid. 4th Male, 17 years old, lepromatous case, received, from Dec. 1944 to Feb. 1948 only 88 intravenous injections of small doses of Leprolin (0,1 to 1,0 cm). His Mitsuda remained negative from 1944 to 1946 and in 1947 became positive. Routine examinations negative for bacilli. Histopathology: the lepromataus lesions regressed to incaracteristic, without bacillus.

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The writer, as medical director of Father Damien Leper Colony (Ub, Minas Gerais, Brasil), treated 50 cases of perforating ulcers, from 2 to 40 years of duration, using the antigens prepared with acid-fast bacilli cultures obtained from leprous material by Dr. H. C. de Souza-Araujo. Dosage from 0,12 to 39,35 cm3, injected inside the ulcers, intramuscularly, every 2 to 4 days, accordingly to the patient reaction some of them presenting fever until 41 Centigrade. The result was cicatrization of the ulcers in 92% (46 out of 50) of the patients. The author concluded that the majority of his patients tolerate perfectly the medicine and that its efect was very eficient.