1963-1968. Dall'avvento dell'amministrazione di Lyndon B. Johnson al Trattato di Non-Proliferazione. gli Stati Uniti, la Francia, la NATO e l'Europa agli esordi della distensione. Storia di una "non-crisi" transatlantica e della riorganizzazione dell'Alleanza.

The aim of this proposal is to explain the paradigm of the American foreign policy during the Johnson Administration, especially toward Europe, within the NATO framework, and toward URSS, in the context of the détente, just emerged during the decade of the sixties. During that period, after the passing of the J. F. Kennedy, President L. B. Johnson inherited a complex and very high-powered world politics, which wanted to get a new phase off the ground in the transatlantic relations and share the burden of the Cold war with a refractory Europe. Known as the grand design, it was a policy that needed the support of the allies and a clear purpose which appealed to the Europeans. At first, President Johnson detected in the problem of the nuclear sharing the good deal to make with the NATO allies. At the same time, he understood that the United States needed to reassert their leadeship within the new stage of relations with the Soviet Union. Soon, the “transatlantic bargain” became something not so easy to dealt with. The Federal Germany wanted to say a word in the nuclear affairs and, why not, put the finger on the trigger of the atlantic nuclear weapons. URSS, on the other hand, wanted to keep Germany down. The other allies did not want to share the onus of the defense of Europe, at most the responsability for the use of the weapons and, at least, to participate in the decision-making process. France, which wanted to detach herself from the policy of the United States and regained a world role, added difficulties to the manage of this course of action. Through the years of the Johnson’s office, the divergences of the policies placed by his advisers to gain the goal put the American foreign policy in deep water. The withdrawal of France from the organization but not from the Alliance, give Washington a chance to carry out his goal. The development of a clear-cut disarm policy leaded the Johnson’s administration to the core of the matter. The Non-proliferation Treaty signed in 1968, solved in a business-like fashion the problem with the allies. The question of nuclear sharing faded away with the acceptance of more deep consultative role in the nuclear affairs by the allies, the burden for the defense of Europe became more bearable through the offset agreement with the FRG and a new doctrine, the flexible response, put an end, at least formally, to the taboo of the nuclear age. The Johnson’s grand design proved to be different from the Kennedy’s one, but all things considered, it was more workable. The unpredictable result was a real détente with the Soviet Union, which, we can say, was a merit of President Johnson.

Studio della funzionalità respiratoria in soggetti con sindrome di Turner

The aim of this study is to evaluate the pulmonary function in subjects with diagnosis of Turner Syndrome, in charge at the Syndromology Ward of the Paediatric Clinic of S.Orsola-Malpighi hospital. There are very few datas about lung function in patients with Turner syndrome’s genotype and phenotype in medical literature. Since the thorax of these subjects have peculiar anatomic shape (as “shield” or “overturned triangle”), we presupposed that these subjects could have also a peculiar respiratory function. Moreover we look for the possibility of correlation between pulmonary function and estroprogestinic replacement therapy and/or growth hormone (GH) replacement therapy. Material and methods: we studied 48 patients, with diagnosis of Turner Syndrome; they all made spirometry voluntarily and, when capable, also plethismografy. Results: - the parametres of pulmonary function are a little higher of the predicted values for age and sex but they are a little lower if they're corrected for each patient’s ideal high and weight: so we can conclude that in Turner Syndrme subjects pulmonary function is normal; -there’s not a statistically significant correlation between pulmonary function and GH therapy; -there’s not a statistically significant correlation between GH therapy’s length and pulmonary function except for Total Lung Capacity which increases with the number of years of GH therapy; - there’s not a statistically significant correlation between pulmonary function and estroprogestinic replacement herapy.

Bronzi e bronzi dorati esposti all’azione della pioggia: corrosione ed inibizione

Il presente lavoro di tesi è stato organizzato in tre parti principali: in prima analisi, è stato effettuato uno studio preliminare di patine reali prelevate da bronzi esposti all’aperto, al fine di verificare l’ipotesi che diverse geometrie di esposizione generano patine differenti nella morfologia e nella composizione sulla superficie della lega. In particolare, è stata posta l’attenzione sullo Sn, il quale esibisce un differente comportamento in aree esposte o riparate dalla pioggia battente. Successivamente quindi, mediante una prova di invecchiamento accelerato che riproduce l’azione della pioggia battente (dropping test) è stata quindi studiata l’efficienza dell’inibitore PropS-SH (3-mercapto-propil-trimetossi-silano), il quale si è dimostrato un possibile sostituto del BTA nell’inibizione della corrosione dei bronzi e tra i primi candidati nello studio dell’inibizione della corrosione nei bronzi dorati. Lo studio è stato effettuato impiegando il dropping test sia per la pre-patinazione (in modo da produrre un substrato rappresentativo di quello su cui si applica l’inibitore) che per l’esposizione vera e propria. I risultati ottenuti sono stati poi confrontati con quelli ottenuti in un lavoro precedente, in cui è stata studiata l’efficienza dello stesso inibitore in condizioni che simulano invece l’azione della pioggia stagnante. Infine, sono stati condotti studi preliminari sulla corrosione di campioni di bronzo dorato mediante invecchiamento accelerato in condizioni che simulano sia la pioggia battente che quella stagnante (wet&dry test).