White mold intensity on common bean in response to plant density, irrigation frequency, grass mulching, Trichoderma spp., and fungicide

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of integrated managements on white mold control on common bean. Initially, in vitro testing was made to assess the antagonism of 11 Trichoderma isolates against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and to investigate fungicides (fluazinam and procymidone) inhibitory effects on those fungi. In two field experiments the following combinations were tested: irrigation frequencies (seven or 14 days), plant densities (six or 12 plants per meter), and three disease controls (untreated control, fungicide or Trichoderma spp.). In a third experiment plant densities were replaced by grass mulching treatments (with or without mulching). Fluazinam was applied at 45 and 55 days after emergence (DAE). The antagonists T. harzianum (experiments 1 and 3) and T. stromatica (experiment 2) were applied through sprinkler irrigation at 10 and 25 DAE, respectively. Most of the Trichoderma spp. were effective against the pathogen in vitro. Fluazinam was more toxic than procymidone to both the pathogen and the antagonist. Fungicide applications increased yield between 32 % and 41 %. In field one application of Trichoderma spp. did not reduce disease intensity and did not increase yield. The reduction from 12 to six plants per meter did not decrease yield, and disease severity diminished in one of the two experiments. It is concluded that of the strategies for white mold control just reduction of plant density and applications of fungicide were efficient.

Limitations in controlling white mold on common beans with Trichoderma spp. at the fall-winter season

We studied the effectiveness of application of Trichoderma spp. in controlling white mold on common beans at the fall-winter crop in the Zona da Mata region of the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. There was no effect of the antagonist in reducing the disease severity, which could be explained by the low temperatures and the high inoculum pressure in the field. We concluded that Trichoderma applications are not recommended for control of white mold on common beans at the fall-winter season in regions with average temperature bellow 20 °C, since this condition favor more the pathogen than the antagonist.

Biocontrol of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and white mold of soybean using saprobic fungi from semi-arid areas of Northeastern Brazil

ABSTRACTThe incidence and the levels of yield loss caused by the white mold of soybean (caused by the fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum) have increased in areas of higher altitude at Cerrado and Southern Brazil, causing yield losses of up to 60%. The aim of this study was to select saprobic fungi with the potential to control the white mold of soybean. First, in vitroantagonism screening was carried out to test eight saprobic fungi against S. sclerotiorum. Assessment of S. sclerotiorum mycelial growth was done at four and seven days after its placement on the culture medium. The isolate showing greatest antagonistic effect in all tests/assessments was Myrothecium sp. An in vivo experiment was conducted in a greenhouse and growth chamber, where plants previously treated with eight saprobic fungi were artificially inoculated with S. sclerotiorum. The fungal culture medium (potato-dextrose) and the commercial resistance inducer acibenzolar-S-methyl were used as controls. In the in vivotests, severity of the white mold was assessed at 8, 14 and 21 days after inoculation. The highest reduction percentage in the lesion length was observed for the treatment with Myrothecium sp. (70%), which has the greater potential to be used as biocontrol agent of soybean under the conditions of this experiment.

Síndrome de Burnout em residentes da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia - 2004

Esta pesquisa estabelece a incidência de burnout em médicos residentes de um hospital público através do MBI (Malasch Burnout Inventory). Burnout é um estado persistente e negativo, relacionado ao trabalho, relatado por indivíduos normais, caracterizado por exaustão, sentimento de reduzida eficácia, diminuição da motivação e atitudes e comportamentos laborais disfuncionais (Schaufeli & Buunk¹). Foi realizada uma investigação em 120 residentes, que desenvolvem suas atividades em um hospital público. Os resultados principais indicam a incidência de burnout em 20,8% da amostra. A manifestação da síndrome foi caracterizada por apresentar 65,0% de classificação alta na dimensão exaustão emocional (EE), 61,7% de classificação alta na dimensão despersonalização (DE) e 30,0% de classificação baixa na dimensão realização profissional (RP). Burnout esteve presente em 78,4% da amostra e ausente em 0,8% da amostra. A maior freqüência de casos de manifestação da síndrome foi observada nas áreas de Ortopedia, seguida das áreas de Clínica Médica, Cirurgia, Pediatria, Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. É preciso criar programas de prevenção do burnout, para evitar que profissionais, que promovem a saúde, adoeçam. É necessário também dar continuidade a esse tipo de pesquisa e desenvolver modelos mais complexos para o entendimento do burnout neste contexto laboral específico.

Médicos de UTI: prevalência da Síndrome de Burnout, características sociodemográficas e condições de trabalho

A Síndrome da Estafa Profissional constitui um quadro bem definido, caracterizado por exaustão emocional, despersonalização e ineficácia. Este trabalho descreve a prevalência da Síndrome de Burnout, características sociodemográficas e condições de trabalho dos médicos intensivistas de Salvador (BA). Realizou-se um estudo de corte transversal, que avalia os médicos que trabalham em UTI adulto nessa cidade. Foram avaliados 297 plantonistas, sendo 70% homens. A média de idade e de tempo de formado foi de 34,2 e 9,0 anos, respectivamente. Foram encontrados níveis elevados de exaustão emocional (47,5%), despersonalização (24,6%) e ineficácia (28,3%). A prevalência da Síndrome de Burnout, considerada como nível elevado em pelo menos uma dimensão, foi de 63,3% e de 7,4% nas três dimensões. A prevalência da Síndrome de Burnout foi elevada entre os médicos avaliados.

Síndrome de Burnout e rendimento acadêmico em estudantes da primeira à quarta série de um curso de graduação em medicina

Este estudo objetivou investigar a associação entre a Síndrome de Burnout e o desempenho acadêmico de estudantes da primeira à quarta série de um curso de graduação em Medicina. O comprometimento emocional dos alunos variou conforme a série, com diferenças significativas para os componentes da síndrome entre alunos com notas acima e abaixo da média, sendo o primeiro ano o mais afetado. Isto indica que, no curso estudado, a implantação da reforma curricular não foi um fator de proteção para a Síndrome de Burnout. Constatou-se também associação entre a síndrome e o rendimento acadêmico dos estudantes em disciplinas da primeira e da segunda série. São necessários estudos longitudinais sobre o assunto para confirmar as tendências encontradas e esclarecer a interferência de fatores que não puderam ser abordados neste estudo, considerado preliminar.

Uusi ja vanha Hayden White

Kirjallisuusarvostelu

White mold detection in common beans through leaf reflectance spectroscopy

ABSTRACT This study aimed to identify wavelengths based on leaf reflectance (400-1050 nm) to estimate white mold severity in common beans at different seasons. Two experiments were carried out, one during fall and another in winter. Partial Least Squares (PLS) regression was used to establish a set of wavelengths that better estimates the disease severity at a specific date. Therefore, observations were previously divided in two sub-groups. The first one (calibration) was used for model building and the second subgroup for model testing. Error measurements and correlation between measured and predicted values of disease severity index were employed to provide the best wavelengths in both seasons. The average indexes of each experiment were of 5.8% and 7.4%, which is considered low. Spectral bands ranged between blue and green, green and red, and red and infrared, being most sensitive for disease estimation. Beyond the transition ranges, other spectral regions also presented wavelengths with potential to determine the disease severity, such as red, green, and near infrared.

Síndrome da alça aferente com necrose simulando pseudocisto de pâncreas

Afferent loop obstruction after gastrectomy and Billroth II reconstruction is an uncommon problem. Complete acute obstruction requires emergent laparotomy. We describe a patient who developed acute abdominal pain, hyperamylasemia, and palpable abdominal mass, five years after Billroth II gastrectomy. At laparotomy the patient was found to have a complete stricture of the afferent limb with evidence of strangulation and necrosis. There was no evidence of pancreatitis or pancreatic pseudocyst. The patient underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy plus degastrectomy and died 18 hours after the procedure in the ICU. The mass was initially inte1preted as pancreatic pseudocyst. Ultrasonography may provide enough evidence to differentiate a pancreatic pseudocyst. from an obstructed afferent loop, by the presence of a peripancreatic cystic mass or debris within the mass or the absence of the keyboard sign, suggesting effacement of the valvulae conniventes of the small bowel. Howewer, CT scan of the abdomen has been suggested to be highly characteristic, if not pathognomonic, for an obstructed afferent loop and should be considered first in patients with pancreatitis after Billroth II gastrectomy. A history of previous gastrectomy, recurrent or severe abdominal pain, hyperamylasemia with characteristic tomography, and endoscopic findings will establish the diagnosis and necessitate surgical evaluation and intervention.

Histoplasmose como causa de perfuração intestinal em paciente com síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida

Thirty-four years old patient, female, husband died of AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Síndrome). She's confined to Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto, with a positive tesT for AIDS, fever, 10 kg/month of weight loss, diarrhea with gummy faeces, productive cough, yellowish sputum. The therapy was initiated, symptomatic, associated to Epivir, Saquinavir and AZT. The searching exams for Alcohol Ácid Resistant Bacili and fungi in the sputum were negative. At the hemogram was shown a pancytopenia, the esophagogastroduodenunscopy showed light esophago moniliasis. During commitment presented a perforating acute abdomen chart, the abdominal radiography showed hidroair levels, pneumoperitoneum, enlarced bowels with swollen wall. She was undertaken a surgery with diagnosis hypothesis of cytomegalovirus perforation, which accordin to literature is the most frequent cause of intestinal perforation in patients with AIDS.

Síndrome de chilaiditi associada a megaduodeno e megacólon transverso

Chilaiditi syndrome is a rare abnormality, uncommon in children, whith an incidence increasing with the age, ranging from 0.025% to 0.28% in the general population usually affecting males. The patients are usually asymptomatics and the syndrome is incidently discover through radiologic exams. However, abdominal pain and distention, nauseas, vomits and changes in intestinal habits, and even intestinal obstruction can occur. The authors report a case of a patient with Chilaiditi's syndrome associated to megastomach, megaduodenum and megacolon.

Síndrome da artéria mesentérica superior

The Superior Mesenteric Syndrome is a rare and controversial disease. The compression of the duodenum by the mesenteric artery and aorta causes an intermitent obstruction. Preoperative diagnosis is very difficult.We present one case of this syndrome in a pacient with severe weight loss and signs of high intestinal obstruction. The diagnosis was based on clinical and radiologic findings. A duodenojejunostomy was performed after medical treatment failure.This patient died on the 20th posoperative day due to cardiac complications. This syndrome must be remembered in cases of high obstruction in chronic ill patients.

Síndrome de Zollinger-Ellison

The authors report a 49 years old, female patient who have been operated on several times (antrectomy with Billroth II reconstruction, partial gastrectomy with troncular vagotomy and total gastrectomy) in the last 5 years for recurrent ulcer disease. Three months ago, an abdomen ultra sound was done showing multiples images that suggested liver metastasis, which was confirmed by CT and RM. Two months ago, one new abdomen CT specifically to pancreas was done showing an expansive process in pancreas. Serial gastrine was 1532 pg/ml at the time (reference - until 115) and among clinical history and images exams Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome was suggested, a rare disease case.