Transformações de Lorentz e seus invariantes

In this paper, we will show the types of Lorentz transformations, from the most described in books, special Lorentz transformation that relates two inertial systems whose relative velocities are directed along an axis of the respective bases systems. However, we will see a peculiarity that goes unnoticed in this transformation, although they have reported in many books a parallel between the transformation inertial systems, due to the fact that the speed is parallel to an axis, it is actually a semi-parallel processing. The next transformation that we will see is one in which a system moves with a relative speed that has arbitrary direction with respect to a given system, we will show that this transformation may be appointed as non-rotational Lorentz transformation. Before obtain, the later type of transformation, the rotational Lorentz transformation, which is the interface between Special Relativity and General Relativity, we will describe the systems to be rotated, not just inertial systems, show what the characteristics are that define the non-rotational and rotational transformations. The in last topic of this chapter we will also show how the idea of Thoma’s theorythat uses this transformation to create what he defines as the proper coordinate axes of the particleused to obtain the factor 1/2 electron spin. In the last chapter we show how the Lorentz invariants are obtained, quantities measures that are also in different Lorentz reference, with the focus on mass that has erroneously been described in many books, that varies according to the agreement reference system

Estudo de dinâmicas populacionais aplicado a processos de tratamento biológico de efluentes

The purpose of this work is to perform studies of mathematical modeling of the relationship of interaction occurring between microrganisms participants from wastewater treatment processes aimed at understanding, through simulations, such as inter-relationships can affect the performance of such units. The methodology was the implementation in FORTRAN computer language of mathematical models of microbial interactions. The first model addresses the interaction of bacteria-forming flakes and filamentous bacteria in activated sludge systems, which seeks to strike a balance between these bacteria to improve efficiency of the process. Another model is studied the interaction between bacteria and protozoa in activated sludge systems and analyzing the efficiency of the process, observing the changes in daily load. Microbial interactions in anaerobic reactors were dealt a third model, in which there is the mutualistic interaction between acidogenic and methanogenic bacteria. In a fourth and final model was examined the relationship between the bacteria Acinetobacter sp. and Gordonia sp., which are present in activated sludge systems, showing the competitive capacity of Acinetobacter sp. can control the growth of unwanted bacteria.

Fístula infraorbitária associada à doença periodontal em cães

Veterinary Dentistry has grown considerably in recent years. This growth, associated to increase of knowledge among pet owners regarding responsible ownership of their pets, resulted in growing concern about the oral health of the animals that already can be observed at veterinary clinics. Among the oral diseases in dogs, infraorbital fistula, so called carnassial” fistula, is a periapical osteolytic lesion of the fourth premolar (4 SPM), often associated with periodontal disease. In its early stages, is characterized clinically by a swelling in the region of the jawbone before the formation of the fistula and leakage of a liquid serosanguineous or purulent secretion. Because of these clinical features, it is often misdiagnosed as a skin condition unrelated to the teeth. It is very important to obtain intraoral radiographs to confirm the diagnosis for performing the most appropriate treatment, according to the cause of the injury

Efeito da atividade física no uso de serviços de saúde na atenção primária no município de Rio Claro, SP

Introduction: Physical inactivity is identified as the fourth greatest risk factor of mortality worldwide. Little is known about how physical inactivity alters the demand for use of primary health care services, and it is a subject which demands further investigation. Objective: This study aims to determine the influence that physical activity has on the demand for use of primary health care services. Methods: This is a retrospective and cross-sectional study. The Rio Claro Active Health Program (SARC), studied in this research, is a partnership between the Municipal Health Foundation and Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), represented by the Nucleus of Physical Activity, Sport and Health (NAFES) department of Physical Education and coordinated by Prof. Dr. Eduardo Kokubun. The study was carried out on residents of Rio Claro of both sexes seen at SARC. To assess the influence that physical activity had on the demand of the use of health services a questionnaire was given to participants who had attended the program since 2009. This questionnaire contains questions concerning the level of physical activity, health service use, number of both blood pressure and glucose measurement takings, number of spontaneous and scheduled medical visits, number of medications taken, number of illnesses and hospitalizations, comparing the data found in the previous year and the year after the program began. An informed term of consent was used for research participants. Descriptive analysis was carried out, using frequency, mean, maximum and minimum standard deviation. Results: Active participation in The Rio Claro Active Health program has positively influenced the following variables: perception of health, uncontrolled blood pressure, did not modify the number of diseases, number of medications in general, ...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Avaliação dos efeitos da poluição sobre a atividade alimentar de Astyanax fasciatus e a diversidade da ictiofauna do Ribeirão Claro - SP

Devido à alta ação antrópica em rios, lagos e mares, a ictiofauna sofre sérios impactos que podem prejudicar sua dinâmica populacional. No interior do estado de São Paulo, muitos municípios captam águas superficiais para o abastecimento urbano e lançam seus efluentes à jusante da captação. Pode-se dizer que o mesmo acontece com o município de Rio Claro. O presente trabalho de conclusão de curso avaliou os efeitos da poluição de despejos orgânicos sobre a diversidade da ictiofauna e a alimentação, a reprodução e o fator de condição de Astyanax fasciatus, levando em consideração a sazonalidade e a variação de parâmetros físico-químicos da água comparando dois pontos do Ribeirão Claro (Rio Claro – SP) no interior da “Floresta Estadual Edmundo Navarro de Andrade”: um à jusante da captação d’água da cidade (área menos poluída) e outro logo após o despejo dos esgotos (área mais poluída). Foram coletados no total 1274 exemplares distribuídos em 26 espécies de peixes nas quatro coletas realizadas. No ponto 1 – área menos poluída, foram coletados 1121 exemplares de 26 espécies nas estações cheia e seca. Na estação cheia foram capturados 401 indivíduos pertencentes a 19 espécies, enquanto que na estação seca foram coletados 720 indivíduos distribuídos em 24 espécies. No ponto 2 – área mais poluída, foram coletados 153 exemplares de 14 espécies. Na estação cheia, foram capturados 141 indivíduos distribuídos em 11 espécies, enquanto que na estação seca foram coletados 12 indivíduos pertencentes a 6 espécies. Dentre os parâmetros estudados, oxigênio dissolvido e coliformes fecais foram um dos mais discrepantes entre os dois pontos e entre as coletas, auxiliando assim, na caracterização do ambiente estudado. No ponto 1, o valor de oxigênio variou de ...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

Caracterização microestrutural de uma estrutura tubular aeronáutica submetida a sucessivos reparos de solda TIG

This work examines the possible effects of successive repair procedures on the microstructure of welded steel SAE 4130 by TIG welding process. Discussions and results were made about the metallographic analysis , non-metallic inclusions and microhardness tests , which were conducted on samples taken from the cradle engine component after the end of its life , a model airplane T-27 Tucano , made by EMBRAER and belonging were performed FAB . The choice of such component is due to the fact that this is critical to flight safety since it provides support for the aircraft engine . Thus regions of the weld metal , base metal and heat affected , with samples of the original weld bead , free of weld bead and also with four rework procedures for TIG welding zone were analyzed . It was found that after the fourth rework there is an increase in the amount of martensite , which may weaken the material with respect to resistance to fatigue. It was also found that the regions of the heat affected zone and weld metal have higher microhardness values when compared to those found in the base metal due to favoring the formation of ferritic and tempered martensite microstructures . Moreover, a welding process promotes a region with less non-metallic inclusions than metal base , which also explains the difference in the results obtained

Avaliação do efeito tóxico do herbicida trifluralina por meio do estudo histológico e histoquímico do intestino médio do diplópodo Rhinocricus padbergi

Currently the use of pesticides in agriculture is widespread due to their high effectiveness in combating pests, weeds and diseases leading to better productivity and economical performance in agricultural area. The use of pesticides affects the whole world and their use is often performed in an improper and indiscriminate way and for long periods. Several studies have been carried out in order to verify the presence of pesticides in nature, with worrying results. The presence of higher levels of pesticides and their degradation products in soil and surface and groundwater have indicated increasing contamination. Among the most widely used pesticides, herbicides are present and among these trifluralin has occupied an important place due to its widespread use; it is an herbicide originated from benzene derivatives belonging to dinitroanilines family; it is classified as belonging to group C, being possibly carcinogenic for humans, present a high persistence in soil as a result of its low mobility and therefore may affect local edaphic fauna. Diplopods belong to a group of invertebrates considered important in the soil dynamics; due to their close contact with it, these animals can be used as bioindicators of substrates toxicity. This study aimed to expose diplopod specimens of the species R. padbergi to different concentrations of trifluralin and therefore it was mounted five bioassays containing soil from the site where animals were collected (control group) and the same soil mixed to different concentrations of trifluralin herbicide (concentration recommended for agriculture use, that is, the dose recommended by the producer 0.0534g/m2, double, haft and quarter of this dose), animals were exposed for 7 and 90 days. During the entire period of exposure (90 days), it was observed that the number of animals in the control bioassay remained stable until the 5th week, presenting only... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Propostas de Adequação Ambiental para a Cidade da Criança de Presidente Prudente - SP

The environmental issue has been considered of fundamental importance for the well being of the present and future generations and is inserted into the commitment of political parties at federal, state and municipal government programs, into the interests of popular organizations and business planning. The Parque Ecológico Cidade da Criança is one of the most sought after places for visitation at Presidente Prudente – SP. Located outside the Raposo Tavares Highway, next to the exhibition grounds and beside the agricultural school, has more than 30 acres of area with an infrastructure designed for recreation and leisure activities for all ages and has received new investment of the public power. Given the importance of the ecological aspects, the objective of this work is to perform an environmental diagnosis in order to be able to submit proposals for solving the problems encountered and improve the use of the environmental resources. Therefore, the study was divided into three foci: sewage disposal, erosion process and control of the stormwater drainage system. It was checked the discharge of sewage from the restaurant on exposed soil, erosion processes that develop at the camel and llama cages ground and erosion processes resulting from the convergence of the stormwater in the highest region of the park. Based on these studies, proposals of solution were made for each case, having considered the effectiveness of the project

Esther Tusquets: vozes de mulher em Siete miradas en un mismo paisaje

Este trabalho pretende analisar dois contos – “Los primos” e “Orquesta de verano” –, pertencentes ao quarto livro da escritora espanhola contemporânea Esther Tusquets intitulado Siete miradas en un mismo paisaje. O livro, publicado primeiramente em 1981, não foi traduzido no Brasil e obra e autora são praticamente desconhecidas em nosso país. Este incipiente estudo tem por objetivo, pois, constatar de que maneira as personagens femininas principais constroem-se a partir da narração tomando por base a narratologia de Genette (s/d) e na ginocrítica de Elaine Showalter (1994)

A construção dos (des)caminhos na relação ser humano-sociedade despertadas a partir das leituras de Alberto Caeiro em uma sala de EJA

Foi no quarto ano de minha graduação que passei a integrar o Projeto de Educação de Jovens e Adultos (PEJA): práticas e desafios, da UNESP – Rio Claro. No projeto desenvolvi algumas atividades que despertaram minha curiosidade por esta modalidade de ensino. Eu tinha um interesse em desenvolver uma atividade de leitura com o livro “Poemas Completos de Alberto Caeiro” no PEJA, quando surgiu a possibilidade de realizá-la em uma sala de Educação de Jovens e Adultos na Escola Estadual Celeste Calil. Por essa época conheci uma atividade cultural e educativa chamada Tertúlia Literária Dialógica, desenvolvida pelo Núcleo NIASE da UFSCAR. Enquanto estudava sobre as tertúlias, a turma da sétima série da EJA da escola Celeste Calil aceitou o convite de ler, em quatro encontros, poemas de Alberto Caeiro. Assim, foi proposta uma atividade de leitura na qual as pessoas pudessem dialogar umas com as outras e expressar suas ideias, percepções e conhecimentos. Os registros das tertúlias foram gerados a partir de uma câmera filmadora e da transcrição das leituras e discussões de cada encontro. Nesse material de registro, procurei atentar para temas que remetessem a leituras de mundo e, nesses temas, as percepções de si mesmos nas relações com o mundo. Ao final, foram levantadas algumas primeiras reflexões a respeito dessas percepções com os processos educativos

Expectativas de pais, professores e crianças acerca da escolarização no contexto das camadas populares

In regards to the context of the schooling for less the most favored, the school did not appear as intellectual instrument, and yes as prerequisite to take care of to the new requirements of the work market that if modernized the great social changes together with. The school, in turn, if puts in charge them to know scientific, and, for times, them norms of effective behavior in the society and the familiar group, them feelings and moral values, in a transposition of the “cultural capital” and it “capital stock” that passed by generations. This work, therefore, had as objective to study the expectations of schooling of the child in pertaining to school age, in the universes of the family and the school, from the speech of the agents of this process (parents, responsible, professors and the children) and of some practical educative referring to the schooling of the child, leaving of estimated of that the school is a democratic space, with equality of rights and the duties. Mediated for cultural a historical boarding, one searched to interpret the pertaining to school and familiar context of the participants, by means of a counterpoint with the studied bibliography, being this presented throughout the work. The research was of qualitative character, the data had been collected by means of comment in two classrooms, one of the third and one of the room year. Half-structuralized interviews had been made, that had been recorded e, later, transcribing. The environment of the research was a public school of the basic education of a city of the interior of the State of São Paulo, that received children proceeding from families of the urban popular classrooms. The results of the analysis of the data point that the professors present a vision of ideal model of family and pupil that does not correspond to the reality of the context of these and of the new nomenclatures of the familiar order... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

As estratégias governamentais frente à empregabilidade de jovens e adultos: investigando os meandros da relação educação e trabalho

This conclusion of course work aims to investigate the city of Limerick / SP, in order to question whether there are and what public policies developed by local, if there are training places for young people and targeting the job market or even partnerships between the city and local businesses seeking to supply the concrete conditions of preparation and targeting young people for the labor market. All changes in education accompanied the need to provide skilled labor to contribute to the country's economic development. The work is divided into several chapters. The first chapter is about the whole historical development of professional education in Brazil and new challenges. The second chapter discusses the reality of the world of work changes and their consequences, and the issue of working children and adolescents. The third chapter is about the difficulty of insertion of the poor youth in the current job market. The fourth chapter presents the city of Limerick to the needs of professional schools to meet the large number of trades and industries, which are currently listed by the educational institutions of the city and programs signed between the Municipal bodies and institutions such as SENAC (National Service of Commercial Learning) and Senai (National Service of Industrial Learning). The fifth chapter presents an interview with the CAMPL the city of Limerick, whose goal and give professional training to teens to get the first employee. Readings were taken from several authors who treat on the subject

Comparação de eficiências do uso de sistemas construídos de áreas alagadas (Constructed Wetland Systems - CWS), tipos ascendente e descendente, para tratamento de efluentes

Water is an essential element for life. The use of this element, to support the community, defines it as water resource. This feature is being misused and degraded by the dumping of highly contaminated effluents. The impoverishment of its quality poses a risk to human consumption. The necessity to manage this resource, treating the wastewater properly, requires the constant improvement of treatment systems. Another need is to adjust the cost of systems to the demands of communities with less financial clout. This study aimed to adapt and understand the systems of wetlands, improving its efficiency, in an attempt to collaborate with the enrichment of this technology. The practical evidence, with lab-scale prototypes, assembled in ETE Piracicamirim with urban sewage effluent contributed to highlight the problems and operating system design. The bibliographic review showed that several studies had effectiveness for treatment. But it was evident the need for better understanding of dimensioning definitions that better attempted to the answers into the project. Moreover, standardization of system conditions for the specific wastewater treatment is an interesting field, identified, for future studies yet contribute to environmental engineering and sanitation

Reformas estruturais no Brasil na década de 1990 e seu impacto sobre o emprego

O país passou por um período de grandes transformações no último quarto do século XX, os quais afetaram em grande medida a esfera social, política e econômica da sociedade. Dado o enfraquecimento do Estado de Bem Estar Social, e a ascensão do pensamento neoliberal nos anos 1970, houve a revisão do papel do Estado em todo o globo. As reformas neoliberais durante a década de 1990 tiveram um impacto significativo sobre os níveis do produto, e refletiram na redução do emprego até o fim da década, além do surgimento de novas formas de precarização do trabalho. Este trabalho tem como principal objetivo elucidar o impacto destas reformas estruturais sobre o emprego e seus desdobramentos na sociedade

Composição florística e fitossociológica de três fragmentos de floresta ribeirinha em Ajapi, Rio Claro - SP

A vegetação ribeirinha é conhecida como o conjunto de formações que se encontram associadas aos corpos d’água, ocorrendo ao longo dos cursos d’água e no entorno de nascentes, formando um mosaico vegetacional. É de vital importância na proteção de mananciais, controlando a chegada de nutrientes, sedimentos e a erosão de ribanceiras, atua na estabilidade térmica e abastece o lençol freático a partir da contenção de águas pluviais, além de exercer um papel fundamental como corredores ecológicos de fluxo gênico animal e vegetal. No Brasil, há legislação que protege tais áreas, entretanto, estas vem sofrendo sistemática degradação por desmatamento, despejo de esgotos domésticos e industriais, canalização e desvio de cursos d’água. O estudo presente teve como objetivo caracterizar a florística e a estrutura fitossociológica de três fragmentos do ambiente ribeirinho localizados na Fazenda Água Branca, em Ajapi, Rio Claro - SP. Através de parcelas de 10x10m, foram amostrados todos os indivíduos com PAP ≥ 10cm. Foram estabelecidas 16 parcelas na vegetação ribeirinha com influência fluvial sazonal ao longo do Ribeirão Claro, tratadas no trabalho como floresta ciliar. Foram estabelecidas 14 parcelas distribuídas em dois fragmentos de vegetação ribeirinha com influência fluvial permanente, tratadas ao longo do trabalho como floresta paludosa. Na mata ciliar, foram amostrados 316 indivíduos, pertencentes a 32 famílias, distribuídos em 74 espécies. As espécies mais importantes foram: Syzygium cuminii, Esenbeckia febrifuga e Croton urucurana. As famílias com maior riqueza foram: Myrtaceae, Fabaceae, Euphorbiaceae e Meliaceae. O índice de diversidade (H’) encontrado foi 3,62; valor esperado para Florestas Estacionais Semideciduais. Na mata paludosa, foram amostrados 469 indivíduos, pertencentes a 34 famílias, distribuídos em 60 espécies... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)