CARPS: A Program which Solves Calculus Word Problems

A program was written to solve calculus word problems. The program, CARPS (CALculus Rate Problem Solver), is restricted to rate problems. The overall plan of the program is similar to Bobrow's STUDENT, the primary difference being the introduction of "structures" as the internal model in CARPS. Structures are stored internally as trees. Each structure is designed to hold the information gathered about one object. A description of CARPS is given by working through two problems, one in great detail. Also included is a critical analysis of STUDENT.

SIR: A Computer Program for Semantic Information Retrieval

SIR is a computer system, programmed in the LISP language, which accepts information and answers questions expressed in a restricted form of English. This system demonstrates what can reasonably be called an ability to "understand" semantic information. SIR's semantic and deductive ability is based on the construction of an internal model, which uses word associations and property lists, for the relational information normally conveyed in conversational statements. A format-matching procedure extracts semantic content from English sentences. If an input sentence is declarative, the system adds appropriate information to the model. If an input sentence is a question, the system searches the model until it either finds the answer or determines why it cannot find the answer. In all cases SIR reports its conclusions. The system has some capacity to recognize exceptions to general rules, resolve certain semantic ambiguities, and modify its model structure in order to save computer memory space. Judging from its conversational ability, SIR, is a first step toward intelligent man-machine communication. The author proposes a next step by describing how to construct a more general system which is less complex and yet more powerful than SIR. This proposed system contains a generalized version of the SIR model, a formal logical system called SIR1, and a computer program for testing the truth of SIR1 statements with respect to the generalized model by using partial proof procedures in the predicate calculus. The thesis also describes the formal properties of SIR1 and how they relate to the logical structure of SIR.

ADEPT: A Heuristic Program for Proving Theorems of Group Theory

A computer program, named ADEPT (A Distinctly Empirical Prover of Theorems), has been written which proves theorems taken from the abstract theory of groups. Its operation is basically heuristic, incorporating many of the techniques of the human mathematician in a "natural" way. This program has proved almost 100 theorems, as well as serving as a vehicle for testing and evaluating special-purpose heuristics. A detailed description of the program is supplemented by accounts of its performance on a number of theorems, thus providing many insights into the particular problems inherent in the design of a procedure capable of proving a variety of theorems from this domain. Suggestions have been formulated for further efforts along these lines, and comparisons with related work previously reported in the literature have been made.

Flexibility and Efficiency in a Computer Program for Designing Circuits

This report is concerned with the problem of achieving flexibility (additivity, modularity) and efficiency (performance, expertise) simultaneously in one AI program. It deals with the domain of elementary electronic circuit design. The proposed solution is to provide a deduction-driven problem solver with built-in-control-structure concepts. This problem solver and its knowledge base in the applicaitn areas of design and electronics are descrbed. The prgram embodying it is being used to explore the solutionof some modest problems in circuit design. It is concluded that shallow reasoning about problem-solver plans is necessary for flexibility, and can be implemented with reasonable efficiency.

Program, abstracts and related documents.

The context: Soil biodiversity and sustainable agriculture; Abstracts - Theme 1: Monitoring and assessment: Bioindicators of soil health: assessment and monitoring for sustainable agriculture; Practical tools to measure soil health and their use by farmers; Biological soil quality from biomass to biodiversity - importance and resilience to management stress and disturbance; Integrated management of plant-parasitic nematodes in maize-bean cropping systems; Microbial quantitative and qualitative changes in soils under different crops and tillage management systems in Brazil; Diversity in the rhizobia associated with Phaseolus vulgaris L: in Ecuador and comparisons with Mexican bean rhizobia; Sistemas integrados ganadería-agricultura en Cuba; Soil macrofauna as bioindicator of soil quality; Biological functioning of cerrado soils; Hydrolysis of fluorescein diacetate as a soil quality indicator in different pasture systems; Soil management and soil macrofauna communities at Embrapa Soybean, Londrina, Brazil; Soil macrofauna in a 24 - year old no-tillage system in Paraná, Brazil; Invertebrate macrofauna of soils inpastures under different forms of management in the cerrado (Brazil); Soil tillage modifies the invertebrate soil macrofauna community; Soil macrofauna in various tillage and land use systems on an oxisols near Londrina, Paraná, Brazil; Interference of agricultural systems on soil macrofauna; Scarab beetle-grub holes in various tillage and crop management systems at Embrapa Soybean, Londrina, Brazil; Biological management of agroecosystems; Soil biota and nutrient dynamics through litterfall in agroforestry system in Rondônia, Amazônia, Brazil; Soil-C stocks and earthworm diversity of native and introduced pastures in Veracruz, Mexico; Theme 2 : Adaptive management: Some thoughts on the effects and implications of the transition from weedy multi-crop to wead-free mono-crop systems in Africa; Towards sustainable agriculture with no-tillage and crop rotation systems in South Brazil; Effect of termites on crusted soil rehabilitation in the Sahel; Management of macrofauna in traditional and conventional agroforestry systems from India with special reference to termites and earthworms; Adaptive management for redeveloping traditional agroecosystems; Conservation and sustainable use of soil biodiversity: learning with master nature!; Convergence of sciences: inclusive technology innovation processes for better integrated crop/vegetation, soil and biodiversity management; Potential for increasing soil biodiversity in agroecosystems; Biological nitrogen fixation and sustainability in the tropics; Theme 3: Research and innovation: Plant flavonoids and cluster roots as modifiers of soil biodiversity; The significance of biological diversity in agricultural soil for disease suppressiveness and nutrient retention; Linking above - and belowground biodiversity: a comparison of agricultural systems; Insect-pests in biologically managed oil and crops: the experience at ICRISAT; Sistemas agricolas micorrizados en Cuba; The effect of velvetbean (Mucuna pruriens) on the tropical earthworm Balanteodrilus pearsei: a management option for maize crops in the Mexican humid tropics; The potential of earthworms and organic matter quality in the rehabilitation of tropical soils; Research and innovation in biological management of soil ecosystems; Application of biodynamic methods in the Egyptian cotton sector; Theme 4: Capacity building and mainstreaming: Soil ecology and biodiversity: a quick scan of its importance for government policy in The Netherlands; Agrotechnological transfer of legume inoculants in Eastern and Southern Africa; Agricultura urbana en Cuba; Soil carbon sequestration for sustaining agricultural production and improving the environment; Conservation and sustainable management of below-ground biodiversity: the TSBF-BGBD network project; The tropical soil biology and fertility institute of CIAT (TSBF); South-South initiative for training and capacity building for the management of soil biology/biodiversity; Strategies to facilititate development and adoption of integrated resource management for sustainable production and productivity improvement; The challenge program on biological nitrogen fixation (CPBNF); Living soil training for farmers: improving knowledge and skills in soil nutrition management; Do we need an inter-governmental panel on land and soil (IPLS)? Protection and sustainable use of biodiversity of soils; Cases Studies -- Plant parasitic nematodes associated with common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and integrated management approaches; Agrotechnological transfer of legume inoculants in Eastern and Southern Africa; Restoring soil fertility and enhancing productivity in Indian tea plantations with earthworms and organic fertilizers; Managing termites and organic resources to improve soil productivity in the Sahel; Overview and case studies on biological nitrogen fixation: perspectives and limitations; Soil biodiversity and sustainable agriculture: an overview.

Zoneamento de riscos climáticos para a cultura de milho no estado do Rio Grande do Sul: períodos favoráveis de semeadura por município, safra 2003-2004.

2003

Zoneamento de riscos climáticos para a cultura de feijão no estado do Rio Grande do Sul: períodos favoráveis de semeadura por município, safra 2003-2004.

2003

Zoneamento de riscos climáticos para a cultura de feijão safrinha no estado do Rio Grande do Sul: períodos favoráveis de semeadura por município, safra 2003-2004.

2003

Zoneamento de riscos climáticos para a cultura de milho no estado do Rio Grande do Sul: períodos favoráveis de semeadura por município, safra 2004-2005.

2004

Zoneamento de riscos climáticos para a cultura de feijão safrinha no estado do Rio Grande do Sul: períodos favoráveis de semeadura por município, safra 2004-2005.

2004

Zoneamento de riscos climáticos para a cultura de feijão safra no estado do Rio Grande do Sul: períodos favoráveis de semeadura por município, safra 2004-2005.

2004

Caracterização agro-sócio-econômico de unidades agrícolas familiares do município de Iranduba.

Caracterizacao de uma amostra de 80 propriedades de pequenos produtores no municipio de Iranduba (AM). O levantamento das informacoes foi realizado em 1991, sendo as propriedads selecionadas para incluir areas nos ecossistemas de varzea e terra firme, tipos de sistemas de uso da terra, isto e', olericultura, cultivo de subsistencia, fruteiras e tempo de ocupacao, desde o assentamento inicial dos lotes. Os resultados confirmaram a variacao substancial em uso da terra, de acordo com os diferentes ecossistemas, de tal forma que permitiu a caracterizacao dos ecossistemas varzea baixa e varzea alta. Diferencas marcantes foram tambem observadas em certas categorias de uso da terra, de acordo com os ecossistemas, incluindo os tipos e tamanho dos cultivos e rebanho animal, titulacao da terra e tempo de permanencia no local. Foram detectadas as principais limitacoes nos sistemas, identificadas pelos proprios produtores, o que podera servir de subsidios para futuras acoes de pesquisa ou adequacoes de praticas agricolas e combinacoes de exploracao para melhoria da renda familiar.

Caracterização agro-sócio-econômica de unidades agrícolas familiares do município de Manaquiri.

Caracterizacao agro-socio-economica do municipio de Manaquiri (AM), por meio da caracterizacao dos produtores e dos istemas de uso da terra, em tres ecossistemas (terra firme, varzea e vazante). Com base nos resultados, concluiu-se que as unidades familiares sao ocupadas principalmente por produtores amazonidas; os cultivos de subsistencia sao caracteristicas comuns aos sistemas de uso da terra nos tres ecossistemas; as principais atividades de renda, nos tres ecossistemas, sao olericultura, na varzea, fruticultura, em terra firme, e bovinocultura, na vazante; o ecossistema vazante pode ser considerado o mais importante tanto pelo tamanho das areas dedicadas a cada uma das atividades de exploracao agricola como pelo numero de produtores entrevistados; a ocorrencia de pragas e doencas em plantas e animais foi considerada a mais seria das limitacoes tecnicas dos sistemas de uso da terra nos tres ecossistemas; e a falta de credito agricola e a comercializacao foram consideradas limitacoes struturais comuns e mais criticas dos tres ecossistemas.

Caracterização dos sistemas de produção em duas comunidades de várzea baixa no município do Careiro da Várzea-AM.

Caracterizacao dos sistemas de producao praticados e seus entraves, com a finalidade de subsidiar as atividades de pesquisa e assistencia tecnica. Conclusoes: a capacitacao dos produtores atraves de treinamentos e' fundamental para elevacao do nivel tecnologico, bem como melhorar a qualidade da producao; os produtores devem ser orientados para o uso racional de fertilizantes e defensivos quimicos, com vistas ao equilibrio do ecossistema e a prevencao de intoxicacoes; e a intensificacao das atividades de assistencia tecnica e extensao rural, bem como de atividades de pesquisa direcionadas as demandas da regiao estudada, sao necessarias para a elevacao do nivel tecnologico e para o bom desempenho das atividades desenvolvidas pelos produtores.

Contribuição de espécies florestais para fins energéticos sobre algumas características químicas de um podzólico amarelo impactado por usos anteriores no município de Iranduba-AM.

O objetivo desse trabalho e selecionar especies nativas e/ou exoticas com potencial para produzir lenha e derivados, e estudar tecnicas de manejo adequadas a implantacao de producao de lenha em plantios ordenados.