Fables et poésies diverses / par M. Étienne Azéma (de l'île Bourbon)

Comprend : Les pastorales...

Attachement à la mère et au père, intersubjectivité et utilisation d'informations publiques.

La théorie de l'attachement est une théorie dyadique, par essence. Même si le père peut être reconnu comme une réelle figure d'attachement, en ce sens qu'il est susceptible de procurer à l'enfant une expérience de sécurité, la théorie reste essentiellement dyadique. Redéfinir la théorie de l'attachement dans une perspective triadique n'est pas sans poser des difficultés théoriques. Ace propos, nous suggérons une perspective inspirée par un concept d'écologie comportementale, celui de l'utilisation adaptative par les organismes d'informations publiques fournies par inadvertance par d'autres organismes, concept que nous étendrons à cette fin aux expressions émotionnelles. Nous proposons alors l'idée que dans la triade, chaque partenaire utilise ce type d'informations, fournies à la fois par chacun des autres partenaires ainsi que par les interactions ellesmêmes entre ces partenaires. L'utilisation de ces informations aurait, dans cette perspective, une fonction adaptative pour le maintien de la triade comme une entité soudée par des échanges d'expériences émotionnelles. The theory of attachment is essentially a dyadic theory. Even though the father is recognised as a real figure of attachment in that he brings a feeling of security to the child, basically the theory remains dyadic. Redefining the theory of attachment in a triadic perspective is not without raising difficult theoretical problems. This leads us to suggest a perspective inspired by the concept of ecological behaviour : the adaptative use of public information acquired inadvertently through other organisms, a concept applied here to emotional expression. We propose that in the triad each partner uses this type of information brought by the other partner as well as those very interactions between both partners. The use of information to maintain the triad as an entity bound by exchanges of emotional experience would be an adaptative function.

Selective effects of PPARgamma agonists and antagonists on human pre-adipocyte differentiation.

Aim: The insulin sensitizer rosiglitazone (RTZ) acts by activating peroxisome proliferator and activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma), an effect accompanied in vivo in humans by an increase in fat storage. We hypothesized that this effect concerns PPARgamma(1) and PPARgamma(2) differently and is dependant on the origin of the adipose cells (subcutaneous or visceral). To this aim, the effect of RTZ, the PPARgamma antagonist GW9662 and lentiviral vectors expressing interfering RNA were evaluated on human pre-adipocyte models. Methods: Two models were investigated: the human pre-adipose cell line Chub-S7 and primary pre-adipocytes derived from subcutaneous and visceral biopsies of adipose tissue (AT) obtained from obese patients. Cells were used to perform oil-red O staining, gene expression measurements and lentiviral infections. Results: In both models, RTZ was found to stimulate the differentiation of pre-adipocytes into mature cells. This was accompanied by significant increases in both the PPARgamma(1) and PPARgamma(2) gene expression, with a relatively stronger stimulation of PPARgamma(2). In contrast, RTZ failed to stimulate differentiation processes when cells were incubated in the presence of GW9662. This effect was similar to the effect observed using interfering RNA against PPARgamma(2). It was accompanied by an abrogation of the RTZ-induced PPARgamma(2) gene expression, whereas the level of PPARgamma(1) was not affected. Conclusions: Both the GW9662 treatment and interfering RNA against PPARgamma(2) are able to abrogate RTZ-induced differentiation without a significant change of PPARgamma(1) gene expression. These results are consistent with previous results obtained in animal models and suggest that in humans PPARgamma(2) may also be the key isoform involved in fat storage.

Performance of a new gadolinium-based intravascular contrast agent in free-breathing inversion-recovery 3D coronary MRA.

In three-dimensional (3D) coronary magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), the in-flow contrast between the coronary blood and the surrounding myocardium is attenuated as compared to thin-slab two-dimensional (2D) techniques. The application of a gadolinium (Gd)-based intravascular contrast agent may provide an additional source of signal and contrast by reducing T(1blood) and supporting the visualization of more distal or branching segments of the coronary arterial tree. In six healthy adults, the left coronary artery (LCA) system was imaged pre- and postcontrast with a 0.075-mmol/kg bodyweight dose of the intravascular contrast agent B-22956. For imaging, an optimized free-breathing, navigator-gated and -corrected 3D inversion recovery (IR) sequence was used. For comparison, state-of-the-art baseline 3D coronary MRA with T(2) preparation for non-exogenous contrast enhancement was acquired. The combination of IR 3D coronary MRA, sophisticated navigator technology, and B-22956 allowed for an extensive visualization of the LCA system. Postcontrast, a significant increase in both the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR; 46%, P < 0.05) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR; 160%, P < 0.01) was observed, while vessel sharpness of the left anterior descending (LAD) artery and the left coronary circumflex (LCX) were improved by 20% (P < 0.05) and 18% (P < 0.05), respectively.

Irritability in pre-clinical Huntington's disease.

Irritability, together with depression and anxiety, form three salient clinical features of pre-symptomatic Huntington's disease (HD). To date, the understanding of irritability in HD suffers from a paucity of experimental data and is largely based on questionnaires or clinical anecdotes. Factor analysis suggests that irritability is related to impulsivity and aggression and is likely to engage the same neuronal circuits as these behaviours, including areas such as medial orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and amygdala. 16 pre-symptomatic gene carriers (PSCs) and 15 of their companions were asked to indicate the larger of two squares consecutively shown on a screen while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Despite correct identification of the larger square, participants were often told that they or their partner had given the wrong answer. Size differences were subtle to make negative feedback credible but detectable. Although task performance, baseline irritability, and reported task-induced irritation were the same for both groups, fMRI revealed distinct neuronal processing in those who will later develop HD. In controls but not PSCs, task-induced irritation correlated positively with amygdala activation and negatively with OFC activation. Repetitive negative feedback induced greater amygdala activations in controls than PSCs. In addition, the inverse functional coupling between amygdala and OFC was significantly weaker in PSCs compared to controls. Our results argue that normal emotion processing circuits are disrupted in PSCs via attenuated modulation of emotional status by external or internal indicators. At later stages, this dysfunction may increase the risk for developing recognised, HD-associated, psychiatric symptoms such as irritability.

[Voyage en Italie : 1824-1830]. , [Musée des Etudes] : [Minerve, art étrusque] : [dessin] / [Henri Labrouste]

Référence bibliographique : Weigert, 247

Catalogue des tableaux et dessins anciens, aquarelles, gouaches, pastels, gravures par Van Balen, F. Boucher, Breughel... [et al.], objets d'art et d'ameublement, sculptures, plâtres, bronzes, céramique..., sièges et meubles anciens..., composant la collection de monsieur Yves Le Moyne... vente... 5 février 1912... / [experts] Georges Sortais, Duchesne, Duplan

[Vente. Art. 1912-02-05. Paris]