A Família nas Redes Sociais Pessoais de Idosos

Objetivos: Analisar as caraterísticas sociodemográficas e das redes sociais pessoais dos idosos de acordo com a composição das redes centrada na família. Metodologia: Para caraterizar as redes sociais pessoais utilizámos o Instrumento de Análise da Rede Social e Pessoal – Idosos (IARSP-idosos) (Guadalupe, 2010; Guadalupe e Vicente, 2012) e um questionário para descrever sociodemograficamente a amostra. Participantes: A amostra é constituída por 567 idosos (M = 75,53 anos), com predominância do sexo feminino (64,1%). A maioria é casada (53,8%) e detém a 4ª classe (51,3%). Os participantes, na sua maioria, têm filhos (87,8%) e não vivem sós (79,4%). Resultados: As redes são compostas em média por 8 elementos, dominadas por laços familiares (M = 76,90%). São redes coesas, com relações interpessoais duradouras, com pouca dispersão geográfica e elevada frequência de contactos. O apoio percebido nas redes é sobretudo emocional e informativo. Quanto à sua composição, 43,7% dos idosos têm uma rede exclusivamente familiar, 53,4% redes com família e outros campos relacionais e apenas 2,8% apresentam redes sem família. Os idosos com 76-85 anos, casados e com agregado familiar numeroso têm maior probabilidade de pertencer a redes exclusivamente familiares. Os idosos mais jovens e divorciados tendem a pertencer a redes mais diversificadas, enquanto as mulheres e os indivíduos solteiros e sem filhos têm maior probabilidade de não ter laços familiares nas suas redes, compensando a sua ausência com relações de amizade e de vizinhança. As redes exclusivamente familiares estão associadas a maior perceção de apoio emocional, material e instrumental, companhia social e reciprocidade de apoio. As redes com família e outras composições caraterizam-se por ter mais elementos e uma maior dispersão geográfica. As redes sem família são as mais reduzidas e são normalmente homogéneas para o género feminino e a nível etário, no grupo idoso. Conclusões: Fica patente o papel central das famílias nas redes e no apoio informal. Contudo, será essencial potenciar a diversificação e manutenção dos vínculos promovendo o acesso a novos contactos ao longo de todo o ciclo vital, de forma a garantir uma rede social pessoal diversificada e efetiva, em vínculos e recursos, que complemente as necessidades e favoreça o bem-estar da pessoa idosa. / Objectives: To analyze the sociodemographical and personal social networks characteristics of the elderly according to the composition of the networks centered on the families. Methodology: For characterizing the personal social networks we used the Instrumento de Análise da Rede Social Pessoal (IARSP-Idosos) (Guadalupe, 2010; Guadalupe e Vicente, 2012) and for sociodemographic characteristics we used a questionnaire. Participants: The sample consisted of 567 elderly (M = 75.53 years), mainly female (64.1%). The majority are married (53.8%) and have the 4th grade (51,3%). Overall the participants have offspring (87.8%) and do not live alone (79.4%). Results: On average, the networks have 8 elements, mostly relatives (M = 76.90%). The networks are cohesive, long-lasting, have a low geographical spread and we observed a high frequency of contacts. The networks provide mostly emotional (M = 2.64) and informative support (M = 2.37). Regarding its composition, 43.7% of the elderly have an exclusively family network, 53.4% have networks with family members and other relational fields and only 2.8% have no relatives in their networks. The elderly whose age is between 76-85 years, married and with a large household are more likely to belong to exclusively family networks. Younger and divorced elderly tend to belong to more diverse networks, as women and individuals unmarried and without offspring are more likely to do not have family bounds in their networks, with a higher proportion of friends and neighbors. Exclusively family networks are associated with greater perception of emotional, material and instrumental support, social company and reciprocal support. Networks with family and other fields are characterized by having more elements and a greater geographical spread. The social networks without family are smaller and are usually homogeneous for female gender and age, in the elderly group. Conclusions: The role of families in providing informational support is clear. However, it will be essential to enhance the diversification and maintain ties that promote access to new contacts throughout our entire life, to ensure a diversified social network that will be effective in bonds and resources that complement the needs and encourages the well-being of the elderly.

Study of Alternate Pavement Designs, 1968

This report is submitted pursuant to a contract dated August 30, 1967, between the Iowa State Highway Commission and Howard, Needles, Tammen & Bergendoff, Consulting Engineers, in connection with studies determining (11,A) alternate pavement designs, and (11,B) criteria for geometric design studies. Included herein is that portion of the report covering Paragraph 11,A, comprising preparation of alternate type pavement designs (Portland Cement and Asphaltic Concrete) for the Cedar Valley Freeway and proposed US-518 from 1-80 to US-30. These alternate pavement designs consider quality and availability of aggregates, soil conditions and traffic information, to determine details and dimensions of pavement design. Comparative cost studies were prepared from alternate design data and recommendations as to pavement type are presented for Commission review.

Leanin soveltaminen haavanhoitotuotteiden valmistuksen läpimenoaikojen lyhentämiseksi

Mölnlycke Health Care valmistaa kertakäyttöisiä leikkaussali- ja haavanhoitotuotteita. Yritys on saavuttanut arvostetun aseman markkinoilla ja pitääkseen asemansa sen tulee koko ajan kehittää toimintaansa. Keväällä 2016 yritys aloitti leanin implementoinnin, minkä vuoksi nykytilanteen kartoittaminen ja sen pohjalta tuotannon kehittäminen tuli ajankohtaiseksi. Diplomityössä selvitettiin Mölnlycke Health Care Oy:lle sopiva nykytilan kartoitusmenetelmä. Sopivaksi menetelmäksi osoittautui arvovirtakuvaus. Nykytilanteen kartoitus tehtiin yrityksen kannalta tärkeälle tuoteperheelle, joka tässä tapauksessa oli edistyksellinen haavanhoitotuote ja haavasidos Mepilex Border. Nykytilanteen kartoitus antoi tuotteen läpimenoajaksi 100 päivää varaston riitto huomioituna. Tästä ajasta kuitenkin suurin osa oli hukkaa, jota pystytään poistamaan. Nykytilanteesta tehtiin kuva, jonka pohjalta pystyttiin havainnoimaan kehittävät kohteet ja tekemään ehdotukset kohteiden parantamiseksi. Kehitysehdotusten tavoitteena oli tuoda yritystä lähemmäs Lean-filosofiaa ja auttaa pitämään yllä jatkuvan parantamisen kulttuuria.

O marketing e a atuação social das empresas: uma relação possível?

The present work is about a study of multiple cases with exploratory and descriptiveperspective and qualitative emphasis. Its field of study is constituted by three local companieswith description of social performance, with emphasis in the personal interview with thecontrollers. Its main objective consists of understanding as it has occurred the marketingrelation with the enterprise social performance in the context of these companies located inthe State of the Rio Grande do Norte who carry out social investments. For this, it hassearched to analyze the types and characteristics of the developed social actions, to evaluatethe motivations and objectives of the accomplishment of social actions, to verify theimportance and influence of the social performance in the dynamics of the companies, toverify the level of specific knowledge and information in the areas of marketing and socialperformance in the companies and to evaluate the process of communication (promotion andspreading) of the social performance carried out by the companies. It has been verified thatthe company A directly associates it its social and ambient activities with differentiationbenefits, competitiveness, creation of value, loyalty, relationships, image, prestige,positioning of the company, sale and financial return, beyond benefits in the internal level asbigger motivation of its employees and retention of talents, not existing rejection to theinterlacement of the concepts related to the marketing and the social one. Already in companyB rejection in relating its practical social to the marketing, being observed after posteriorquestionings, that the relation of direct and indirect form exists and those divulgations of theseactions are carried out, contradicting the arguments of the controllers of that the actions wouldnot be carried out to generate media. In company C, it been verified rejection andcontradiction with relation to the concepts related to the marketing, alleging itself that theimage of the harnessed company to its social performance is not used in proper benefit,evidencing itself that this company divulges its action and is marketable benefited, even so isnot this the main objective of its social programs. It has concluded that the association ofthese two concepts is positive and favorable to the development of the businesses and thesocial actions of the companies, legitimizing them and benefiting the involved company,groups in the actions and the society that profits socially from the private social involvement in the social matters