Resistência à compressão e remoção de folhas da cana-de-açúcar visando à colheita mecânica

Sugarcane holds an important place in the Brazilian economy. Grate part of the sugarcane harvested still accomplished largely manually. Sugarcane harvesters available in Brazil use the technology to chop the cane into 200 to 300 mm billets to allow on the go cane transferring to transport, contradicting the traditional method of whole stalk sugarcane harvesting system. In order to make whole stalk mechanical harvesting system possible, one of the barriers to be expired is the mechanical removal of the straw. The design of a mechanism that accomplishes this operation depends directly on the knowledge of the mechanical properties of the sugarcane related to its resistance to compression and the forces necessary to remove the leaves from the stalk. Compression tests were conducted using the universal testing machine. For leaves removal test by friction, a special apparatus was designed to allow the registration of the normal and traction force. The sugarcane stalk can resist up to 4.9 MPa. With a normal pressure of 0.8 MPa, which correspond to a friction force of 315 N, it is possible to remove the leaves, independent of its location in the sugarcane stalk.

Ambiência aérea em alojamento de frangos de corte: poeira e gases

Air quality in animal production environment has been refereed as an interesting point for studies in environmental control systems with the focus both to the animal health which live in total confinement, as to the workers. The objective of this research was to determine the variation on the aerial environmental quality in two types of broiler housing: conventional (Gc) and tunnel type (Gt). The total dust values in both houses offered adequate rearing conditions to the birds; however, regarding the inhale dust in the air was above the limits recommended for humans. Carbon monoxide concentration in the heating phase during the evaluated period was above the 10 ppm maximum recommended, and it was higher during the cold season in Gt house (30 ppm) when compared to the Gc house (18 ppm). Ammonia concentration peaks in the air were above the 20 ppm recommended from the 20th day of production in both houses and in daily average, for a period higher in Gt (4h30) when compared to Gt (2h45). Only traces of nitrate oxide and methane were found while carbonic dioxide gas concentration evaluated during daytime met the limits allowed for both birds and labor.

Estimativa de bem-estar de frango de corte em função da concentração de amônia e grau de luminosidade no galpão de produção

Brazil is an important poultry meat export country, and large parts of its destination are countries with specific rearing restrictions related to broiler s welfare. One of the aerial pollutants mostly found in high concentrations in closed poultry housing environment is ammonia. There are evidences that broilers welfare may be compromised by the continuous exposition to this pollutant in rearing housing. This research aimed to estimate broilers welfare reared under specific thermal environmental attributes and bird s density, as function of the ammonia concentration and light intensity inside the housing environment using the Fuzzy Theory. Results showed that the best welfare value (0.89 in the scale: 0-1) approximately 90% of the ideal was found in the conditions that associated the ideal thermal environment, with bird s density between 13-15 birds m-2, with values of the ammonia concentration in the environment below 5 ppm, and light intensity near 1 lx. Using the predictive method it was possible to estimate broilers welfare with relation to the ammonia concentration and light intensity in the housing.

Adesão de linhagem selvagem de Streptococcus thermophilus em superfície de aço inoxidável e efeitos da higienização na sua remoção

A wild strain of Streptococcus thermophilus isolated from pasteurized milk was evaluated using an experimental model with respect to its adhesion onto stainless steel surfaces and its behaviour when submitted to cleansing and sanification. In milk, the adhesion of the microorganism on to stainless steel surfaces was studied after 6 hours of contact at 45°C with agitation, and after a cleansing process involving cleaning stages with alkaline and acid detergents followed by sanification, in order to evaluate the resistance of the adhered cells. The microorganism adhered to stainless steel surfaces producing a cell load of 10(4) CFU/cm². After alkaline cleansing, no adhered cells were detected but 6 CFU/cm² were still detected on the surfaces after acid cleansing. Cleansing, followed by sanification with sodium hypochlorite, was sufficient to reduce the load of wild S. thermophilus on the stainless steel surfaces to non-detectable levels. The experimental model proved adequate for the study indicating that the wild microorganism S. thermophilus produces biofilms on stainless steel surfaces. Alkaline cleansing remove more that 99.9% of the adhered cells. The few cells adhered on the surface are removed by acid cleansing demonstrating the need to use different steps and types of detergent for efficient cleansing. The best results for the removal of these biofilms are obtained by using alkaline cleansing followed by acid cleaning, this procedure being more efficient when complemented by sanification with sodium hypochlorite.

Neurinoma maligno infratentorial: relato de um caso

A solitary malignant schwannoma of the foramen jugular, unassociated with von Recklinghausen's disease in a two years and nine months old girl is presented. A partial removal of the tumor was carried out. The low incidence in this age group is emphasized in report to the literature reviewed.

Cinética de remoção de lactato na definição de pausas para treinamento intervalado de alta intensidade

Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física